扫描Kelvin探针研究缺陷涂层的膜下腐蚀电化学行为

应用扫描Kelvin探针原位研究盐雾和干湿周浸环境中缺陷涂层膜下的腐蚀行为.结果显示:在两种腐蚀环境中,缺陷涂层均分为缺陷、阴极剥离及完好涂层区域;Kelvin电位的分布相同,缺陷处最高,完整涂层处最低.Kelvin电位分布峰的直径随时间的延长而增大,表明剥离区域扩大.干湿周浸环境中,Kelvin电位的最大值Vmax随时间变化不明显,Vmin在逐渐下降后达到谷值,随后升高;盐雾环境中由于电解质溶液持续扩散和盐雾颗粒极强的腐蚀性,Kelvin电位随时间的变化规律为Vmin在起始阶段达到最小值,随后升高.由Vmax-Vmin的变化规律得出,干湿周浸环境下腐蚀倾向性在试验开始5h后达到最大,而在盐雾环境下,试验开始阶段腐蚀倾向性就达到最大,且要高于干湿周浸环境.     

反应等离子喷涂TiN涂层电化学腐蚀行为

利用电化学阻抗谱等电化学方法及扫描电镜(SEM)技术,研究了反应等离子喷涂TiN涂层在模拟海水中的电化学腐蚀行为. 研究结果表明:TiN涂层的自腐蚀电位高于基体,涂层对基体能起到良好的腐蚀屏蔽作用;腐蚀介质通过涂层的通孔、微裂纹等缺陷渗入涂层与基体的界面腐蚀基体,从而使涂层电阻下降、电容增加,所产生的腐蚀产物在一定程度上可以抑制腐蚀反应的进行,但不会阻止基体局部腐蚀的继续进行. 涂层的孔隙是造成涂层电化学腐蚀的主要原因.     

3Cr板耐蚀性能的研究

运用线性极化法(LPR)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对其电化学性能进行了测试,实验表明3Cr板极化电位和电化学阻抗均高于碳钢,同时通过腐蚀失重法,研究比较碳钢和3Cr钢在模拟塔里木油田环境中的CO2腐蚀行为,结果表明:在模拟CO2腐蚀环境中,3Cr钢的腐蚀速率为0.77 mm/a,碳钢腐蚀速率为1.31mm/a,碳钢腐蚀速率是3Cr钢的1.5倍多。     

Q235钢在青霉菌作用下的腐蚀行为和电化学特性

采用表面分析技术、失重法及电化学测试方法研究了Q235钢在青霉菌(Penicillium)作用下的腐蚀行为和电化学特性.青霉菌在Q235钢表面形成致密的生物膜和腐蚀产物沉积膜层.青霉菌促进Q235钢的腐蚀,腐蚀类型为点蚀坑.青霉菌体系中试样表面膜经历由游离态变为固着态,由单层逐渐变为多层的过程;生物膜作用与细菌活性有关,当活性降低时微生物腐蚀促进作用也大幅降低.     

pH值对Q235碳钢与304L不锈钢在典型含硫环境中电偶腐蚀行为的影响

采用电化学法和浸泡法研究了Q235碳钢与304L不锈钢在典型含硫环境中的电偶腐蚀行为.采用SEM观察试样表面形貌.结果表明:在实验体系中304L的阴阳极过程均为电化学活化步骤控制;在pH为4和7的实验溶液中,Q235钢的阴阳极过程均受电化学活化控制;而在pH=13.3的实验溶液中,Q235阴极过程受电化学过程控制,阳极过程受离子扩散控制.在三种实验溶液中的电偶腐蚀效应随阴阳极面积比的增大而增大,但电偶电流随阴阳极面积比的变化并不呈现出对数正比规律.随着溶液pH值的升高,Q235钢的电偶腐蚀速率明显减小,但电偶腐蚀效应变化不明显.     

模拟泥沙海水冲刷环境下3C钢的腐蚀电化学行为

建立了实验室模拟海水冲刷腐蚀测试系统,采用极化阻力和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等测试技术,研究了模拟实海流速冲刷环境下3C钢的腐蚀电化学行为以及流速和泥沙含量对3C钢腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:在模拟实海流速≤0.80 m/s、泥沙质量分数≤1.50%o时,3C钢在无泥沙和含泥沙海水中的EIS特征都为单一容抗弧;腐蚀电位随着流速的增加而升高,极化阻力则随流速的增加而减小,说明流速的增加加速了3c钢的腐蚀;泥沙含量的增加增大了表面冲刷作用,导致3C钢的腐蚀速率略有增大.     

基于极化曲线的镁水泥混凝土中钢筋腐蚀试验

针对西部盐湖地区出现破坏盐湖资源环境生态平衡的镁害问题,结合西部盐湖地区建筑材料受盐卤腐蚀破坏严重的状况,模拟西部盐湖环境条件,进行镁水泥钢筋混凝土中不同涂层钢筋的室内快速腐蚀试验.镁水泥混凝土中的裸露钢筋作为对照组,其他经过涂层处理的四组钢筋作为试验组;通过CS350电化学工作站对钢筋的电化学腐蚀行为进行研究,分析镁水泥钢筋混凝土中不同涂层钢筋的极化曲线以及钢筋腐蚀速率.试验结果表明:各种涂层防腐效果从高到低依次为环氧树脂涂层、杰美特涂层、美佳丽涂层、新美特涂层;环氧树脂涂层的腐蚀速率为裸露钢筋腐蚀速率的1/1 600~1/2 000,新美特涂层的腐蚀速率为裸露钢筋的1/20~1/30.     

含水量对X70钢在大港滨海盐渍土壤中腐蚀行为的影响

采用极化曲线、电化学交流阻抗等技术对X70钢在含水量20%～34%(质量分数)的大港滨海盐渍土中的腐蚀行为进行研究.结果表明:土壤含水量对X70钢腐蚀行为影响显著;水质量分数为25%时X70钢发生局部腐蚀,水质量分数高于30%时发生均匀腐蚀;随着土壤中含水量的增加,腐蚀电流密度先增后减,在水质量分数为25%时腐蚀速率达到最大;含水量较低时,X70钢在大港滨海盐渍土中腐蚀的电化学阻抗谱会出现低频感抗弧,随着含水量的增加,低频感抗弧消失,表现为单一的容抗弧.     

Q235钢表面环氧复合涂层在变电站环境中的腐蚀行为分析

以Q235钢表面涂覆的环氧富锌底漆,水性聚氨酯中间漆,银灰环氧磁漆构成的环氧复合涂层为对象,研究变电站环境中涂层自然暴露18个月后的腐蚀行为,并将其与用5%NaCl溶液浸泡250天处理的涂层的腐蚀行为做对比。采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究环氧复合涂层试样的电化学腐蚀行为,评价环氧复合涂层的耐候性与耐盐性,并通过FT-IR表征涂层浸泡和自然暴露过程的结构变化。结果表明,环氧复合涂层试样在5%NaCl溶液中浸泡250d后,涂层阻抗从3.967×10~9Ω·cm2降至9.780×10~2Ω·cm~2,其失效机制为腐蚀介质通过涂层微孔逐渐渗入涂层中形成微观电通路,导致涂层孔隙率逐渐增大,基底材料腐蚀加速;自然暴露试验18个月的试样,其涂层阻抗为2.708×10~6Ω·cm~2,防护性良好。     

纳米TiO2对丙烯酸酯聚氨酯涂层/碳钢界面的初期失效行为的影响

采用激光电子散斑干涉技术、电化学阻抗技术和扫描电化学显微镜技术实时、动态和原位观测了涂覆丙烯酸聚氨酯涂层的碳钢在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中浸泡初期的界面腐蚀行为,并对比了纳米TiO2的添加对界面腐蚀行为的影响.在浸泡初期无宏观缺陷存在时,激光电子散斑干涉技术成功检测到涂层界面的微小变化,电化学阻抗技术显示不同涂层低频阻抗膜值的变化情况,均与扫描电化学显微镜技术获得的腐蚀电化学形貌结果一致,即在浸泡初期,未添加纳米TiO2的涂层其界面变化速度(即锈蚀萌生速度)较添加涂层明显得多,表明纳米TiO2可延缓涂层/碳钢的界面失效.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-