丙烯酸与丙烯磺酸钠共聚物的合成及应用

本对丙烯酸与丙烯磺酸钠共聚物的合成、结构及阻垢性能进行了研究和探讨,从而说明,丙烯酸与丙烯磺酸钠共聚物是一种很有发展前途的水质稳定剂。     

磺化马来酸酐-丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物的合成

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法合成了马来酸酐(MAH)-丙烯酰胺(AM)-丙烯酸甲酯(MA)共聚物,然后滴加浓硫酸(SS)对聚合物进行磺化,得到磺化的共聚物型阻垢剂。探讨了反应物配比、磺化反应温度、磺化反应时间等条件对聚合物产率及其阻垢性能的影响。结果表明最佳反应条件:n(马来酸酐):n(丙烯酰胺):n(丙烯酸甲酯):n(浓硫酸)=1.5:1.1:1.3:2.2,磺化时间为1.5h,温度为20℃。收率可达到79.5%,产物对CaCO3的阻垢率可达到91.2%以上。并对产品进行了红外光谱检测,从而验证了其的结构。     

加料方式对磺化苯乙烯/丙烯酸共聚物阻垢性能的影响

利用不同的加料方法和不同加料顺序合成了聚苯乙烯／丙稀酸共聚物，并在吡啶中以发烟硫酸为磺化剂进行磺化制得磺化苯乙烯／丙烯酸(St／AA)共聚物。测定St／AA共聚物阻垢率的实验结果表明，部分滴加2种单体的混合物所得聚合物阻垢性能最好，最大阻垢率达98．5％。     

MA-AA-MAS共聚物的阻垢性能研究

以水为溶剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂,马来酸酐（MA）、丙烯酸（AA）和甲代烯丙基磺酸钠（MAS）为单体合成了共聚物,综合研究该产品的阻垢性能。探讨了介质pH值、Ca²⁺浓度、温度和共聚物用量对MA-AA-MAS共聚物阻垢性能的影响。结果表明,MA AA MAS共聚物在较宽的介质温度范围内对碳酸钙和磷酸钙都有良好的阻垢效果,对CaCO₃ 和 Ca₃(PO₄)₂ 阻垢率可分别达到98.2%和92.1%。而且也适用于硬度不超过250mg/L的水处理系统中。     

含磺酸基AA—AM共聚物的合成及阻垢性能

用溶液聚合法合成了丙烯酸－丙烯酰胺共聚物，经化学改性在聚合物分子链上引入磺酸基，制得含磺酸基的共聚物。用ＩＲ、１ Ｈ－ＮＭＲ和热分析方法对产物进行了表征和测定，并研究了其阻垢性能。结果表明：合成产物是一种性能优良的阻垢分散剂。     

磺化苯乙烯/丙烯酸(SS/AA)共聚物的合成及阻垢性能研究

研究了磺化苯乙烯／丙烯酸（SS／AA）共聚合成的条件。最佳条件：聚合温度为80℃，引发剂的用量为1.5%，反应时间为4h。阻垢实验结果表明：pH=10左右，用Ca^ 质量浓度为300mg/L，阻垢剂投加量6mg/L时，对CaCO3的阻垢率达93.1%。     

水溶性固体阻垢剂的合成及阻垢性能研究

研究了丙烯酸—烯丙基磺酸钠(AA—SAS)二元共聚水溶性固体阻垢剂的合成工艺及对碳酸钙的阻垢效果。探讨了单体配比、引发剂用量与共聚物阻垢性能的关系,测定了共聚物在不同水质中的阻垢性能。结果表明,AA—SAS水溶性共聚物对CaCO3垢具有很好的防止效果。     

SAS/IPPA/AA三元共聚物阻垢缓蚀性能研究

合成了丙烯磺酸钠(SAS)／异丙烯膦酸(IPPA)／丙烯酸(AA)三元共聚物，考察了共聚物对碳酸钙垢、磷酸钙垢的阻垢性能、分散氧化铁性能与缓蚀性能。结果表明，此共聚物不仅具有优异的阻垢性能，而且还具有一定的缓蚀性能，是一种综合性能较好的阻垢缓蚀剂。     

松香基聚氧乙烯醚琥珀酸单酯磺酸钠的合成及性能

以丙烯酸改性松香甘油酯为原料合成丙烯酸改性松香甘油酯聚氧乙烯醚琥珀酸单酯磺酸钠（ARGEOS）阴离子表面活性剂。测定了产品的表面物理化学性能，系统研究了环氧乙烷（EO）聚合度对产品表面物理化学性能的影响。与有关松香基琥珀酸单酯磺酸钠进行比较，结果表明，所得产品是一种性能优良的表面活性剂。     

IA-SSS-MA三元共聚物的阻垢性能研究

以衣康酸(IA),苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS),马来酸酐(MA)为单体,采用水溶液自由基聚合方法合成了IA-SSS-MA共聚物.静态试验条件下分别评价了其对碳酸钙、磷酸钙的阻垢性能和对氧化铁的分散性能,探讨了共聚物投加量、钙离子质量浓度、溶液pH值和溶液温度对共聚物阻垢率的影响,实验结果表明:IA-SSS-MA共聚物具有优良的阻垢分散性能,特别适用于高温、高硬度的循环冷却水.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with