高温超导衬底台阶结研究

本文报导用Ｔｌ２Ｂａ２ＣａＣｕ２Ｏ８外延超导薄膜在ＬａＡｌＯ３衬底上研制的台阶结及其特性，在液氮温度下，当台阶结受到９．２０ＧＨｚ的微波辐照时，从Ｉ－Ｖ曲线上可以观察到第九级夏皮诺微波感应台阶。在液氮温度下，台阶结的临界电流随外磁场的变化较好地附合夫琅和费衍射关系。     

Tl_2Ba_2Ca_（n－1）Cu_nO_（2n＋4）超导体的能带结构

采用ＥＨＴ近似下的紧束缚能带结构方法，从能带结构、态密度和电荷分布等方面研究了Ｔｌ＿２Ｂａ＿２ＣｕＯ＿６，Ｔｌ＿２Ｂａ＿２ＣａＣｕ＿２Ｏ＿８和Ｔｌ＿２Ｂａ＿２Ｃａ＿２Ｃｕ＿３Ｏ＿（１０）超导体系的电子结构．从２－２－０－１，２－２－１－２到２－２－２－３相，费米能级附近的态密度及穿过费米面的能带数目相应增加．解释了随着单胞中Ｃｕ－Ｏ面数目的增加，超导转变温度升高的原因．     

高温超声衬底台阶结研究

本文报导用Ｔｌ２Ｂａ２ＣａＣｕ２外延超导薄膜在ＬａＡｌＯ３补底上研制的台阶结及其特性，在液氮温度下，当台阶结受到９．２０ＧＨｚ的微波辐照时，从Ｉ－Ｖ曲线上可以观察到第九级夏皮诺微波感应台阶、在液氮温度下，台阶结的临界随外磁场的变化较好地附合夫琅和费衍射关系。     

Tl_2Bg_2Ca_2Cu_3O_x单相超导块材的制备

本文研究了Ｔｌ＿２Ｂａ＿２Ｃａ＿２Ｃｕ＿３Ｏ＿ｘ（简称２２２３）单相超导块材的制备工艺。Ｘ射线衍射谱的分析和交流磁化率测量结果表明，对于名义组分为Ｔｌ＿２Ｂａ＿２Ｃａ＿２Ｃｕ＿３Ｏ＿ｘ的配料，在相当宽的温度范围（８７５℃～９５０℃）内烧结都有２２２３相生成。在８９７℃烧结２ｈ得到了纯的２２２３单相样品，其Ｔｃ（Ｒ＝０）值达１２０Ｋ。     

Bi系与Tl系高Tc超导体的比热奇异研究

利用扫描比热法对Ｂｉ－Ｓｒ－Ｃａ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ和Ｔｌ－Ｂａ－Ｃａ－Ｃｕ－Ｏ超导体从液氮温度到室温作了详尽的比热测量．类似于ＹＢＣＯ超导体，在临界转变温度与室温的这一区间里发现Ｂｉ系和Ｔｌ系样品也存在负的比热奇异行为，即存在形状类似于倒置λ相变的比热反常峰．反常峰的位置和数量与样品的受热历史有关．并且实验发现存在一个临界的最高热循环温度Ｔ（ＣＴＣ），当样品的最高热循环温度Ｔ（ＴＣ）小于Ｔ（ＣＴＣ）时，这类反常峰将消失．对ＢＳＣＣＯ和ＴＢＣＣＯ这一临界热循环温度Ｔ（ＣＴＣ）分别为２３８±２Ｋ和２６１±１Ｋ．     

Ba和Mg掺杂对Bi（Pb）—Sr—Ca—Cu—O超导性能的影响

采用固态反应法制备了名义组分为Ｂｉ１．８Ｐｂ０．２Ｓｒ２Ｃａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏｘ和Ｂｉ０．９Ｐｂ０．１Ｂａ０．１Ｍｇ０．１Ｓｒ０．８ＣａＣｕ２Ｏｘ超导样品，并研究了Ｂａ，Ｍｇ掺杂对Ｂｉ系超导性能的影响。用Ｘ射线衍射及电阻－温度关系的测量获得的实验结果表明，添加Ｂａ和Ｍｇ元素可以有效地抑制Ｂｉ系２２１２相的生成，促进２２２３相的形成，并能提高超导材料的Ｔｃ。     

Ba和Mg掺杂对Bi（Pb）－Sr－Ca－Cu－O超导性能的影响

采用固态反应法制备了名义组分为Ｂｉ１．８Ｐｂ０．２Ｓｒ２Ｃａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏｘ和Ｂｉ０．９Ｐｂ０．１Ｂａ０．１Ｍｇ０．１Ｓｒ０．８ＣａＣｕ２Ｏｘ超导样品，并研究了Ｂａ、Ｍｇ掺杂对Ｂｉ系超导性能的影响。用ｘ射线衍射及电阻－温度关系的测量获得的实验结果表明，添加Ｂａ和Ｍｇ元素可以有效地抑制Ｂｉ系２２１２相的生成，促进２２２３相的形成，并能提高超导材料的Ｔｃ．     

掺Eu^2＋的卤磷酸盐的发光特性和内部能量传递

探讨Ｂａ＾２＋离子搀杂对（Ｃａ０．５Ｓｒ０．５）５（ＰＯ４）３Ｃｌ：Ｅｕ＾２＋和（Ｃａ０．４Ｓｒ０．６）５（ＰＯ４）３Ｃｌ：Ｅｕ＾２＋量子发光效率的影响，当用Ｂａ＾２＋离子代替Ｃａ＾２＋或Ｓｒ＾２＋离子进入晶体时，Ｅｕ＾２＋离子的发光特性发生改变；发射峰的峰值降低；热猝灭的温度升高，并采用位型坐村理论给予解释。根据晶体的结构特征，对占据两个不等当晶体学位置的Ｅｕ＾２＋离子发光中心之间的能量传递进行     

Bi2—xPbxSr2CaCu2O8＋δ的温差电势率理论分析

以局域对温差电势率的理论分析Ｂｉ２－ｘＰｂｘＳｒ２ＣａＣｕ２Ｏ８＋δ正常态的温差电势率。结果表明此理论与实验一致。指出高温超导系统作为双成分系统，随温度下降出现了退局域过程，形成产生超导的较佳条件。     

晶格类相变（PLT）下超导能隙Eg

运用库柏对谐振子理论模型的能隙公式讨论了超导电性转变前晶格类相变（Ｔ＝ＴＰ〉Ｔｃ）与超导能隙Ｅｇ的关系；从理论上解释了高温氧化物超声体ＹＢａＣｕＯ、ＢｉＳｒＣａＣｕＯ和ＴｌＢａＣａＣｕＯ的超导能隙各向异性现象。     

Fabrication and characteristics of intrinsic Josephson junctions in Bi<Subscript>2</Subscript>Sr<Subscript>2</Subscript>CaCu<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>8+x</Subscript> single crystals

Mesa-structured intrinsic Jospehson junctions are fabricated in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 x single crystals.Typical current-voltage characteristics of intrinsic Josephson junctions are observed .which include multiple quasi-particle branches,surface junction with critical current lower than those of inner junctions.and subgap structures on quasi-particle branches,The corresponding physical explanations are also given .The energy gap voltage of the intrinsic Josephson junctions at 30 K is about 20mV Besides,The measured Ic-T relationship agrees quite well with the theoretical computations based on dx′-y′-wave superconductor.Our measured dI/dV-V relationship shows the V-shaped gap structure,obviously differing from the U-shaped gap structure of the s-wave superconductor.     

TBCCO/LAO高温超导薄膜的电阻转变和各向异性

将Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8(TBCCO)高温超导薄膜通过磁控溅射的方法沉积到LaAlO3(LAO)衬底上,SEM和XRD的测量结果显示该超导薄膜具有很高的成膜品质.通过标准四引线方法对TBCCO/LAO高温超导薄膜在不同磁场下的电阻转变进行了研究.结果表明:在一定的磁场下TBCCO/LAO超导薄膜具有很强的电阻转变展宽现象,并且当磁场垂直于超导薄膜表面时该超导薄膜显示出更强的电阻转变展宽现象.用热激活辅助磁通流动理论对该超导薄膜的电阻转变展宽现象进行了解释,同时通过分析超导薄膜的电阻转变对该超导薄膜的各向异性进行了讨论.     

Acid etching process for fabrication of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8＋x stack

We adopted a new method, acid etching process, to fabricate the intrinsic Josephson junctions based on the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 x single crystals. By soaking the crystals into the dilute hydrochloric acid, we fabricated a junction stack successfully, and meantime made the surrounding area insulated. A certain concentration of hydrochloric acid was used to maintain the roughness of the modified layer. The cur-rent-voltage characteristic was achieved through the four terminal measurement. We could control the junctions' number by changing the concentration and the soaking time. We also found that the thick-ness of the stack was equal to the average height of the insulation layer. Such a simple, convenient and controllable fabrication method with a high yield might widen the applications of the intrinsic Joseph-son junctions.     

Imaging the granular structure of high-Tc superconductivity in underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta.

Granular superconductivity occurs when microscopic superconducting grains are separated by non-superconducting regions; Josephson tunnelling between the grains establishes the macroscopic superconducting state. Although crystals of the copper oxide high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors are not granular in a structural sense, theory suggests that at low levels of hole doping the holes can become concentrated at certain locations resulting in hole-rich superconducting domains. Granular superconductivity arising from tunnelling between such domains would represent a new view of the underdoped copper oxide superconductors. Here we report scanning tunnelling microscope studies of underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta that reveal an apparent segregation of the electronic structure into superconducting domains that are approximately 3 nm in size (and local energy gap <50 meV), located in an electronically distinct background. We used scattering resonances at Ni impurity atoms as 'markers' for local superconductivity; no Ni resonances were detected in any region where the local energy gap Delta > 50 +/- 2.5 meV. These observations suggest that underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta is a mixture of two different short-range electronic orders with the long-range characteristics of a granular superconductor.     

A one-dimensional chain state of vortex matter.

Magnetic flux penetrates isotropic type II superconductors in flux-quantized vortices, which arrange themselves into a lattice structure that is independent of the direction of the applied field. In extremely anisotropic high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors, a lattice of stacks of circular 'pancake' vortices forms when a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the copper oxide layers, while an orthogonal elongated lattice of elliptical Josephson vortices forms when the applied field is parallel to the layers. Here we report that when a tilted magnetic field is applied to single crystals of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta, these lattices can interact to form a new state of vortex matter in which all stacks of pancake vortices intersect the Josephson vortices. The sublattice of Josephson vortices can therefore be used to manipulate the sublattice of pancake vortices. This result explains the suppression of irreversible magnetization by in-plane fields as seen in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta crystals, a hitherto mysterious observation. The ability to manipulate sublattices could be important for flux-logic devices, where a 'bit' might be represented by a pancake vortex stack, and the problem of vortex positioning is overcome through sublattice interactions. This also enables the development of flux transducers and amplifiers, considerably broadening the scope for applications of anisotropic high-Tc superconductors.     

化学溶液沉积Bi2Sr2Co2O8热电薄膜及其激光诱导电压效应研究

利用化学溶液沉积技术在LaAlO3（001）单晶基片上外延生长了Bi2Sr2Co2O8热电薄膜并对其激光诱导电压效应进行了研究．热电性能测试表明该外延薄膜的室温电阻率和塞贝克系数均可以和优质单晶样品相比拟．此外,实验发现当用308nm,532nm,1064nm及10．6gm的激光辐照生长在斜切LaAlO3上的Bi2Sr2Co2O8外延薄膜表面时,可以在薄膜中观测到很强的横向开路电压信号．分析认为当入射激光光子能量（308,532和1064nm激光输出）大于Bi2Sr2Co2O8禁带宽度时,在Bi2Sr2Co2O8外延薄膜中观测到的激光诱导横向开路电压信号源于该薄膜热电效应和光电效应的综合贡献;而当入射激光光子能量（10．6μm激光输出）小于Bi2Sr2Co208禁带宽度时,在Bi2Sr2Co2O8外延薄膜中观测到的激光诱导横向开路电压信号主要源于薄膜的热电效应．以上结果表明Bi2Sr2Co2O8热电薄膜不仅在热电器件领域而且在宽波段激光光探测器领域都具有潜在的应用前景．     

Observation of individual vortices trapped along columnar defects in high-temperature superconductors

Many superconductors do not entirely expel magnetic flux-rather, magnetic flux can penetrate the superconducting state in the form of vortices. Moving vortices create resistance, so they must be 'pinned' to permit dissipationless current flow. This is a particularly important issue for the high-transition-temperature superconductors, in which the vortices move very easily. Irradiation of superconducting samples by heavy ions produces columnar defects, which are considered to be the optimal pinning traps when the orientation of the column coincides with that of the vortex line. Although columnar defect pinning has been investigated using macroscopic techniques, it has hitherto been impossible to resolve individual vortices intersecting with individual defects. Here we achieve the resolution required to image vortex lines and columnar defects in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (Bi-2212) thin films, using a 1-MV field-emission electron microscope. For our thin films, we find that the vortex lines at higher temperatures are trapped and oriented along tilted columnar defects, irrespective of the orientation of the applied magnetic field. At lower temperatures, however, vortex penetration always takes place perpendicular to the film plane, suggesting that intrinsic 'background' pinning in the material now dominates.     

BST薄膜的湿法化学刻蚀工艺优化及应用初探

采用sol-gel法在SiO2/Si衬底上制备了Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3(BST)薄膜.利用湿法化学刻蚀技术对BST薄膜进行图形化.通过实验结果对比,选择HF/HNO3/H2O2/H2O(体积比为1∶20∶50∶20)的混合液作为最佳刻蚀液.扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明,刻蚀后BST薄膜表面干净,无残留物,图形轮廓清晰.原子力显微镜(AFM)和X射线衍射(XRD)结果显示,刻蚀后BST薄膜表面粗糙度增大,结晶性退化.对刻蚀后的薄膜在600℃后退火处理,能要在一定程度上恢复其表面形貌和结晶性.应用优化工艺制备BST薄膜阵列,采用剥离法将Au,Ni/Cr和Pt/Ti电极进行微图形化.最后,成功地制备了Au/Ni/Cr/BST/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si结构的8×8元的红外探测器阵列.     

近紫外光激发的Ba3 MgSi2O8：Eu^2＋，Mn^2＋全色荧光材料的发光性质研究

用稀土复合溶胶雾化-热解方法制备了Ba3MgSi2O8:Eu2 ,Mn2 荧光材料,在近紫外光激发下,可同时发射红、绿和蓝三光进而合成白光.用微结构参数与发射波长的半定量关系,验证了505 nm绿光发射来自于Ba3MgSi2O8主基质相中伴生的微量Ba2SiO4相;基于Mn2的激发光谱和Eu2 的发射光谱的重叠关系,红光来源于Eu2 的蓝光发光中心的能量传递,分析了Eu2 和Mn2 之间的能量传递机理.