6061-T6铝合金薄板的搅拌摩擦焊接

采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)技术对1mm厚6061-T6铝合金薄板进行了对接. 研究了焊接工艺参数的范围,实验测试了焊接接头的强度、硬度和延伸率,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了接头的微观组织. 结果表明:对于1mm厚度6061-T6铝合金,FSW的最优工艺参数为旋转速度1800r·min-1,焊接速度1000mm·min-1;在此参数下,接头的硬度值达到母材的80%左右,抗拉强度达到母材的103%,延伸率达到母材的54%;接头的力学性能与微观结构相符.     

工业海洋大气环境下阳极氧化6061铝合金的电偶腐蚀行为

在青岛典型的工业海洋大气环境下,进行硼硫酸阳极氧化6061铝合金与不同表面状态的30CrMnSiNi2A结构钢偶接件的户外大气暴露试验,通过电化学测试、腐蚀产物分析、力学性能检测、断口分析等,研究了偶接件中阳极氧化6061铝合金的腐蚀规律与机理.结果表明:经1a户外大气暴露试验后,与镀镉钛结构钢偶接的6061阳极氧化铝合金力学性能最优,其强度σb和延伸率δ分别比原始试样下降6.45％和4.39％,远优于与结构钢裸材偶接的阳极氧化6061铝合金试样(分别下降10％和62.28％),略优于未偶接试样(分别下降6.77％和10.74％).沿晶腐蚀和表面点蚀是导致阳极氧化6061铝合金力学性能下降的主要原因,最严重的沿晶腐蚀裂纹深度达150μm.青岛大气中的硫化物不仅会侵蚀试样表面形成硫酸铝,还会浸入到晶界促进沿晶腐蚀.     

Optimization of ECAP-RAP process for preparing semisolid billet of 6061 aluminum alloy

6061 aluminum alloy semisolid billet was prepared by the equal-channel angular processing(ECAP)-recrystallization and partial(RAP) process(a combination of equal-channel angular processing and recrystallization and partial remelting). The effects of different process parameters on the alloy microstructure were studied and the quantitative relationship between the process parameters and microstructure was established by response surface methodology(RSM) to optimize the process parameters. According to the orthogonal test, the holding temperature and holding time of the four ECAP-RAP process parameters were found to have the greatest impact on the microstructural characteristics, including average grain size and average shape factor. Through RSM, it was also found that when the average grain size or the average shape factor is optimized separately, another will be degraded. When the two indexes were simultaneously considered, the optimal process parameters were found to be a holding temperature of 623°C and holding time of 13 min, and the corresponding average grain size and average shape factor were 35.97 μm and 0.8535, respectively. Moreover, comparing the experimental and predicted values, the reliability of the established response surface model was verified.     

热处理工艺对6061铝合金显微组织及力学性能的影响

选取固溶温度为420、450、490、530、570℃,保温6 h,时效温度为173℃,时效时间为1、2、3、4、56、h,对6061铝合金进行固溶时效处理.采用MEF-3金相显微镜进行组织观察、EMPA-1600电子探针进行成分分析、布洛维硬度测试仪进行硬度检测,分析固溶时效对其显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:固溶温度和时效时间对6061铝合金的显微组织、力学性能有一定的影响,固溶时效后可以获得大量均匀的Mg2Si强化相,且在固溶温度为530℃,保温6 h,时效温度为173℃,保温3 h时获得较高的综合力学性能.     

空气中Al6061氧化过程红外发射率特性研究

基于自主搭建的材料光谱发射率测量装置,分别对铝合金6061在5个温度点(623K、673K、723K、773K、823K)测量氧化前后的发射率,分析了温度、波长、氧化时间、粗糙度对铝合金样品发射率的影响.实验结果表明:铝合金6061的发射率随波长的增加而降低,随温度的升高而增大,温度对发射率的影响程度在不同波长下是不同的.表面氧化会增加样品表面的粗糙度,从而造成发射率数值增加,氧化效应对发射率的影响程度在不同温度、波长下是不同的,氧化效应可使发射率最大增加0.05(723K时).温度为823K时,发射率随氧化时间的变化可用抛物线模型很好地拟合.     

6061铝合金平板对接焊接接头拉伸性能研究

采用TIG焊获得6061铝合金平板对接焊接接头,在万能拉伸机上进行拉伸试验;应用双孔微剪切试验结合有限元计算,用反推法得到焊缝和热影响区的力学性能参数及损伤参数;应用ABAQUS/Explicit模拟平板对接焊接接头在拉伸载荷作用下的变形和损伤行为,并与实验结果进行对比.结果表明,仿真结果与实验结果吻合得很好.改变不同区域的损伤参数,发现弱化区的损伤参数对仿真结果影响最为明显,因此要得到屈服强度及断裂强度较好的焊缝主要是控制弱化区的材料性能.     

电池包用6061铝合金型材成分与挤压成型性关系

由于现有6061铝合金挤压成型性及力学性能较差,在实际生产中应用范围受限,通过改变合金成分开发新型6061铝合金,将Si的质量分数调整至国标上限0.73%～0.80%,Mg的质量分数调整至国标下限0.82%～0.90%,同时分别设计了多细晶元素（Mn+Cr的质量分数为0.40%）与少细晶元素（Mn+Cr的质量分数为0.14%）两种配比方式,分别命名为6061-A铝合金和6061-B铝合金。通过观察微观组织、测试力学性能、调整挤压速度,研究6061-A铝合金和6061-B铝合金的力学性能、挤压成型性。结果表明,6061-A铝合金挤压成型性更好,同时经（175±5）℃×8 h热处理后,型材屈服强度达到312 MPa,抗拉强度达到325 MPa,伸长率为9%,均高于标准要求。     

高Zn超高强铝合金的力学性能

研究了高Zn超高强铝合金Al-10.4%Zn-2.2%Cu-2.4%Mg-0.1%～0.15%Zr-0.224%Ag的热处理工艺.通过差热分析、金相组织观察、力学性能测试及TEM和SEM形貌观察,分析了该合金的微观组织和力学性能.研究结果表明,合金采用接近低熔点共晶熔化温度的强化固溶工艺及时效处理后,其力学性能明显优于用单级固溶和低温强化固溶工艺的合金性能,抗拉强度达到770 MPa以上,对应的延伸率为8%～10%.与国内其他的7xxx 系合金相比,该合金显示出超高强度和良好的塑性,这说明合理的固溶工艺可以提高合金化的超高强铝合金的强度和塑性.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of twin-wire arc sprayed Ni-Al composite coatings on 6061-T6 aluminum alloy sheet

We have systematically studied the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni-5wt%Al and Ni-20wt%Al composite coatings fabricated on 6061-T6 aluminum alloy sheet by twin-wire arc spraying under different experimental conditions. The abrasive wear behavior and interface diffusion behavior of the composite coatings were evaluated by dry/wet rubber wheel abrasive wear tests and heat treatment, respectively. Experimental results indicate that the composite coatings exhibit features of adhesive wear. Besides, the Vickers microhardness of NiAl and Ni₃Al intermetallic compounds is relatively larger than that of the substrate, which is beneficial for enhancing the wear resistance. With the increase of annealing temperature and time, the interface diffusion area between the Ni-Al coating and the substrate gradually expands with the formation of NiAl₃ and Ni₂Al₃ phases, and is controlled by diffusion of aluminum atoms. The grain growth exponent n of diffusion kinetics of the Ni-Al coating, calculated via a high-temperature diffusion model at 400, 480, and 550℃, is between 0.28 and 0.38. This satisfies the cubic law, which is consistent with the general theoretical relationship of high-temperature diffusion.     

激光功率对6061-T6铝合金激光填丝焊接头组织及性能的影响

采用激光填丝焊将厚度为2 mm和3 mm的6061-T6铝合金板材进行搭接叠焊,研究激光功率对接头成形质量的影响,分析了接头的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明,增大激光功率可以有效增加热输入量,焊道逐渐宽化,焊缝熔深增加。进一步分析发现,焊缝中心区和热影响区的析出相均为Mg₂Si。硬度试验结果表明,焊缝中心区由于细小等轴晶和析出相的双重作用,硬度远高于母材区与热影响区的。拉伸试验结果表明,接头的抗拉强度随激光功率的增大而升高,激光功率由2.0 kW升高至2.8 kW,抗拉强度升高约39%。     

聚氨酯/蜂窝铝复合材料的压缩力学行为及缓冲吸能特性

对空芯蜂窝铝(六边形孔)、聚氨酯、聚氨酯/蜂窝铝复合材料进行压缩试验,分析蜂窝铝和聚氨酯复合后的压缩力学行为及缓冲吸能特性.结果表明：复合材料的应力-应变曲线表现出弹性、屈服和密实三个阶段,初始刚度和屈服应力较空芯蜂窝铝有很大提高;蜂窝铝的加入使聚氨酯的变形回复降低25%;复合材料的最大吸能效率是单纯聚氨酯的1.47倍,且较大应力下复合材料具有比单纯聚氨酯更好的吸能效率;聚氨酯填充1 mm孔径蜂窝铝复合材料的最大吸能效率是聚氨酯填充2 mm孔径蜂窝铝复合材料的1.37倍;加载速率越大,吸能效率的峰值越大,且在达到最大吸能效率时的应力越大.     

铝合金的硅烷化工艺研究

本文研究了6063铝合金的硅烷化工艺。采用正交试验法对硅烷偶联剂溶液pH值、浓度、水解时间和醇水比等工艺进行了研究,采用单因素变量法对固化温度、固化时间等工艺参数进行了探讨。实验结果表明,体积分数3%的硅烷溶液在pH=8的条件下水解4 h,在180℃加热40 min得到耐蚀性较好的硅烷膜,可有效地提高铝合金基体的耐蚀性。     

铝合金片材加固钢筋混凝土梁的抗剪性能研究

对7根不同加固方式和预加载程度的钢筋混凝土梁进行四点弯曲对称加载试验及相应数值模拟.结果表明:铝合金材料粘贴在梁表面可实现钢筋混凝土梁的抗剪加固,铝合金与混凝土之间的黏结应力最大为3.2 MPa.混凝土梁加固后,抗剪承载力增强25.83%～46.60%,挠度减小5.7%～30.1%,铝合金的强度利用率为54%～84%.侧面45°倾斜粘贴对实现混凝土梁的抗剪加固效果最佳,且适合结构物下方存在管线穿过的情况.随损伤程度增加,铝合金对混凝土梁的抗剪加固效果减弱且强度利用率下降.工程应用中,损伤的混凝土梁须及时采用铝合金片材加固.     

Residual stress with asymmetric spray quenching for thick aluminum alloy plates

Solution and quenching heat treatments are generally carried out in a roller hearth furnace for large-scale thick aluminum alloy plates. However, the asymmetric or uneven spray water flow rate is inevitable under industrial production conditions, which leads to an asymmetric residual stress distribution. The spray quenching treatment was conducted on self-designed spray equipment, and the residual stress along the thickness direction was measured by a layer removal method based on deflections. U...     

高性能耐热铝合金管材的制备及性能

通过多层喷射沉积方法制备了300mm／150mm×500mm(外径／内径×长)耐热铝合金管坯,并对管坯的显微结构及不同加工状态材料性能进行了检测和分析．管坯显微结构细小均匀,除Al12(Fe,V)3Si外,无其它相析出．管坯经过挤压后,密度由85．9％提高到99．8％;室温强度由210MPa提高到456MPa;高温强度由111MPa提高到181MPa．挤压管旋压后,室温强度略有降低,高温强度无差别．旋压管径425℃,3h退火后,室温强度下降约5％,高温强度差别不大．实验结果表明,多层喷射沉积耐热铝合金管坯具有良好的加工性,该技术适合于制备耐热铝合金材料．     

银基钎料炉内钎焊氧枪喷头的钎焊结构与焊缝组织分析

通过分析氧枪喷头的设计结构、使用环境和失效形式,进行氧枪喷头用BAg72Cu钎料真空钎焊、BAg45CuZn钎料炉内保护性气体钎焊和炉内空气钎焊技术的实验,使用SEM、EDS等方法研究钎缝微观组织和化学成分,探讨银基钎料与基体冶金结合的机理,分析工艺参数和钎焊方法对焊缝组织和性能的影响.实验及生产结果表明,炉内钎焊焊缝组织致密,综合性能良好,相比其他方法,具有质量稳定,合格率高,成本低廉等优势.     

Effect of pre-recovery on microstructure and properties of rolled Al-12.18Zn-3.31Mg-1.43Cu-0.20Zr-0.04Sr aluminum alloy

The independently designed and manufactured ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy Al-12.18 Zn-3.31 Mg-1.43 Cu-0.20 Zr-0.04 Sr was investigated via scanning electron microscopy observations, X-ray diffraction analysis, hardness tests, electrical conductivity tests, tensile tests, intergranular corrosion tests, and exfoliation corrosion tests. The effect of pre-recovery on the microstructure and mechanical properties of this aluminum alloy was also studied. The results show that the pre-recovery heat treatment releases deformation energy, inhibits recrystallization, and decreases the dislocation density. Although the pre-recovery heat treatment has little effect on the hardness, electrical conductivity, and elongation of this aluminum alloy, it can dramatically improve the alloy's tensile strength(the maximum tensile strength increased from 785.0 MPa to 809.2 MPa). Moreover, the tensile properties of this aluminum alloy have a certain degree of isotropy, and the pre-recovery heat treatment does not affect this property. In addition, the rolled aluminum alloy exhibits good corrosion resistance, but the effect of the pre-recovery heat treatment on the alloy's resistance to intergranular and exfoliation corrosion is negligible.     

6061铝合金反向热挤压工艺参数优化及其模拟

利用GLeeble-1500热模拟试验机对6061铝合金进行单轴压缩试验,采用ABAQUS软件对6061铝合金在不同温度和不同挤压速度的成形过程进行数值模拟,分析各种工艺参数对挤压过程的影响.模拟的结果表明,在挤压速度2 mm/s、挤压温度和模具预热温度420 ℃条件下,挤压力随时间变化曲线、出料口温度都与实验较接近,通过模拟发现在挤压速度15 mm/s、挤压温度和模具预热温度350 ℃条件下,出料口温度为488.4 ℃,制品横截面温度梯度差较小.观察跟踪点处温度和应变随时间变化曲线,发现金属在死区和模具出口附近温度最高,应变达到最大值.     

铝合金挤压模具型腔曲线优化设计

应用上限法建立铝合金圆棒料挤压成形的流动模型,推导了坯料在5种不同型腔曲线下变形时的动可容速度场、应变速率场及上限功率的表达式.同时,以挤压力最小为优化目标,对成形过程进行优化,获得最低能耗下的型腔曲线长度;为验证上限解的可靠性,采用FEM对最佳型腔曲线长度下棒料成形过程进行数值模拟,得到了挤压力与型腔曲线表面接触应力的分布曲线,数值解与理论解相吻合;结果表明,在最佳型腔曲线长度及相同的断面缩减率下,3次曲线和余弦曲线为最优的模具型腔曲线.     

Austenite grain growth of medium-carbon alloy steel with aluminum additions during heating process

In this study, the effects of heating temperature(850–1100°C) and holding time(30–150 min) on the grain growth behavior of austenite in medium-carbon alloy steel were investigated by conducting experiments. The abnormal grain growth and mixed grain structure phenomenon are explained using an equilibrium precipitation phase diagram calculated by Thermo-Calc software package. The Al N particles were observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), and the amount of AlN precipitations was detected by electron probe microanalysis(EPMA). Based on the research results, it was found that the average grain size of austenite in the test steel increased continuously with the increase of temperature and holding time. Furthermore, the abnormal growth of austenite occurred in the test steel at 950°C, and the heating temperature affected the austenite grain size more significantly. In addition, the decline in the amount of AlN second-phase particle in the test steel, which weakened the "pinning" effect on austenite grain boundaries, resulted in abnormal growth and the development of mixed austenite grain structures. The prediction model for describing the austenite grain growth of medium-carbon alloy steel during heating was established by regression analysis of the experimental data, and the model was verified to be highly accurate.