十二水硫酸铁铵催化合成苯甲酸正丁酯

在十二水合硫酸铁铵存在下，由正丁醇和苯甲酸合成了苯甲酸正丁酯.当苯甲酸正丁醇和硫酸铁铵的摩尔比为130.16，回流分水4小时，酯收率达74.2%.     

十二水硫酸铁铵催化合成苯甲酸正丁酯

在十二水合硫酸铁铵存在下，由正丁醇和苯甲酸合成了苯甲酸正丁酯，当苯甲酸正丁醇和硫酸铁铵的摩尔比为1：3：0.16，回流分水4小时。酯收率达74.2%。     

活性炭吸附十二水合硫铁铵催化合成氯乙酸异丙酯

以活性炭吸附十二水合硫酸铁铵为催化剂合成氯乙酸异丙酯，最高产率为86．3％。考察了十二水合硫酸铁铵、七水合硫酸亚铁及氨基磺酸为催化剂的情况，发现活性发吸附十二水合硫酸铁铵的催化活性最高，且反应时间短，不溶于反应体系，可过滤回收，重复使用，产率几乎不变。     

硫酸铁铵催化合成乳酸异戊酯

硫酸铁铵能够代替硫酸催化酯化反应,利用0．1mol乳酸和0．2mol异戊醇,在0．002mol十二水合硫酸铁铵催化下,回流分水60min,合成了乳酸异戊酯,其收率达90％。     

无毒增塑剂柠檬酸三正丁酯的催化合成研究

研究了柠檬酸与正丁醇在盐类－水合硫酸氢钠,十二水合硫酸铁铵催化作用下直接酯化合成柠檬酸三正丁酯的最佳条件,结果表明：酸醇摩尔比为1：6．0－7．0催化剂用量为酸、催化剂的摩尔比为1：0．1,反应温度在110℃-135℃反应时间为1．5h,转化率达到95％以上,产品纯度达99％。     

硫酸铁铵催化合成乙酸酯

研究了十二水合硫酸铁铵催化下乙酸与不同醇的酯化作用，结果表明，硫酸铁铵的催化活性良好，本不地具有操作方便，反应温和，无腐蚀和无废酸排放等优点。     

硫酸铁铵催化合成醋酸丁酯

以十二水合硫酸铁铵为催化剂,环己烷为带水剂合成了醋酸丁酯,结果表明十二水合硫酸铁铵对醋酸丁酯的合成具有较好的催化性能.     

马来酸二丁酯的合成研究

在对甲苯磺酸存在下, 以马来酸酐和正丁醇为原料合成了马来酸二丁酯, 在马来酸酐、正丁醇与对甲苯磺酸的物质的量之比为1：4：0. 16,回流分水70 min, 酯收率能达到95. 6%,并且比较了对甲苯磺酸、硫酸、六水合三氯化铁、十二水合硫酸铁铵等催化合成马来酸二丁酯的活性.     

硫酸铁铵催化合成乙酸酯

研究了十二水合硫酸铁铵催化下乙酸与不同醇的酯化作用。结果表明 ,硫酸铁铵的催化活性良好。本法具有操作方便、反应温和、无腐蚀和无废酸排放等优点。     

三价铁化合物对安息香的氧化

以六水合三氯化铁,十二水合硫酸铁铵、九水合硝酸铁和六水合硫酸铁为氧化剂,从安息香合成了苯偶酰,其收率达８１％－９５％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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