从铜渣氯浸渣中回收元素硫的工艺研究

用（NH4）2S法对铜渣氯浸渣中元素硫的回收进行了研究,分析了溶硫温度、溶硫时间、液固比、热分解温度、热分解时间等因素对硫回收率及贵金属溶浸率的影响.结果表明：在（NH4）2S浓度为2.5 mol/L、溶硫温度30℃、时间60 min、液固比6：1、热分解温度95℃、时间90 min的条件下,溶硫率达到96%以上,热分解提硫率达到94%左右,贵金属的溶浸率平均10.84%.     

杂铜阳极泥硫酸化焙烧-浸出工艺提取Cu和Ni的试验研究

杂铜阳极泥中含有大量的贵金属和稀有金属元素,是提取贵金属和稀有金属元素的重要原料,杂铜阳极泥处理的第一步即是提取Cu、Ni等贱金属,以富集贵金属和稀有金属元素.采用硫酸化焙烧-浸出工艺,从杂铜电解产生的阳极泥中提取Cu和Ni.考察焙烧温度、焙烧时间、浸出液固比、浸出硫酸浓度以及浸出时间等因素对Cu、Ni和Sn浸出率的影响.结果表明：当焙烧温度为400℃、焙烧时间3 h,浸出时液固比为4：1,100 g·L^-1硫酸、温度为80℃的条件下,Cu、Ni的浸出率>96.6%,可以有效地实现杂铜阳极泥中Cu和Ni的提取,而Sn的浸出率为13.0%,浸出渣可以作为提取Sn和贵金属的原料.     

从碱性炼铋渣中选择性浸出钠盐和钼

采用常温和较高温分阶段浸出铋精矿低温碱性熔炼渣.研究结果表明:Na2S2O3和Mo主要进入常温浸出液中,而Na2CO3主要进入热浸液中.在温度为300K,液固比为0.75及时间为1h的条件下,进行两段逆流循环浸出后,Mo和Na2S2O3的浸出率分别为82.28％和75.03％,而Na2CO3的浸出率仅为33.13％;常温浸液中n(S2O32-)/n(CO32-)为1.97,实现了Na2S2O3和Na2CO3的初步分离;在温度为313～363 K,液固比不小于l,时间为lh的条件下进行热水浸出,Na2CO3,Na2S2O3及Mo的热浸率分别为94.0％,94.3％和69.0％;它们的两段总浸出率分别为95.99％,98.58％及94.51％.     

复杂高硫渣中有价金属的分离工艺

采用煤油脱硫-氯盐浸出-分步水解法对复杂高硫渣中有价金属的分离进行研究.研究反应时间、反应温度、液固比等因素对实验过程的影响.结果表明:在反应温度为95 ℃,反应时间为0.5 h,液固比分别为11-1时进行2次连续煤油脱硫实验,硫的脱除率为98%,脱硫渣中铋和锑富集,其含量约为复杂高硫渣的6倍.在硫酸质量浓度和氯化钠质量浓度均为150 g/L,液固比为10-1,反应温度为65 ℃时,锑的浸出率为96%,铋的浸出率为98%.采用分步水解,在氯盐浸出液中控制pH=0.8水解沉锑;在沉锑后液中控制pH=1.5水解沉铋,锑和铋的沉淀率分别为85.6%和98%.在整个优化工艺条件下,锑的回收率为82%,铋的回收率为96%.     

辉钼精矿熔盐氧化工艺研究——Na_2MoO_4-Na_2SO_4体系

对辉钼精矿在Na2 MoO4 Na2 SO4体系的熔盐氧化过程进行了研究 ,探索了不同的工艺参数对钼的转化率和脱硫率的影响 .研究结果表明 ,在熔盐组成Na2 MoO4与Na2 SO4质量比为 3∶1,配料比为 1∶10 (质量比 ) ,温度为 70 0℃ ,鼓风速度为 1.6 6m s,鼓风时间为 2 0min的条件下 ,脱硫率可达 99%以上 ;得到的熔盐经水浸和碱浸后 ,钼以Na2 MoO4形态进入溶液 ,钼的总浸出率可达 95 .5 %以上 ;硫以SO2 的形态进入气相 ,烟气中的SO2 体积分数可达5 .4%以上 ,可用于制酸 ;含钼渣和浸出液蒸发结晶得到的Na2 SO4晶体可返回再用 ;熔盐氧化过程采用连续操作分批加料方式 ,可提高生产能力 .     

含钼铜精矿氧化焙烧-浸出分离钼研究

四川攀西地区的含钼铜精矿中,由于钼、铜矿物组成复杂,共生关系紧密,提出了氧化焙烧-浸出工艺进一步分离钼。将试样置入焙烧炉中进行氧化焙烧,使硫化物转化为CuO、MoO3、Fe2O3等氧化物后;添加NaOH、H2O与MoO3反应生成可溶性Na2MoO4,浸出渣作为铜精矿产品。研究结果表明:铜、钼等以氧化物形式赋存于焙烧矿中,氧化焙烧矿中的硫含量较低为0.53%,硫以SO2气相形式挥发;在焙烧温度650℃、焙烧时间120 min、氢氧化钠用量为30%、浸出温度60℃、浸出时间120min、浸出液固比2∶1的综合条件下,钼的浸出率为94.24%,铜精矿(浸出渣)中铜的质量分数为24.27%,钼分离效果明显。     

次氯酸钠一步法从磷酸富砷渣中浸砷的工艺研究

为解决传统浸砷工艺的浸出率低和操作时间长等问题,利用次氯酸钠溶液中OH-的溶砷作用和ClO-的氧化脱硫功能,用次氯酸钠溶液作浸出剂,研究磷酸富砷渣中砷浸出时次氯酸钠溶液用量、浸出温度以及浸出时间对砷浸出率和浸出液中AsS33-氧化脱硫程度的影响规律。结果表明,与传统的碱浸和空气氧化浸出工艺相比,次氯酸钠溶液一步法的浸出时间由原来的十多个小时缩短到10 min。在次氯酸钠的用量为理论用量的4倍、浸出时间为10 min、浸出温度为30℃时,砷浸出率达98.52%,浸出液中AsS33-的硫被完全氧化脱出,实现了砷高效浸出和硫完全脱出的一步法工艺。     

含锑难处理金矿选择性脱除锑

为了消除锑对难处理金矿提取金过程的不利影响,提出用硫化钠浸出方法预先从含锑难处理金矿中选择性脱除锑,考察各因素对锑浸出率的影响,查明最优浸出条件下金和砷的浸出率。研究结果表明:硫化钠过量系数、氢氧化钠质量浓度、温度、液固比和洗水比等因素的增加均有利于提高锑的浸出率,但是延长反应时间和增大搅拌速度会使锑浸出率略降低,增大洗水比至4.0可以将浸出渣中锑质量分数降低至0.04%。含锑难处理金矿硫化钠浸出在最优条件下,锑的浸出率可以达到96.64%,金和砷的浸出率分别为1.44%和0.41%。浸出液静置后析出的黑色沉淀为Na2Fe S2,S和Fe S2的混合物,说明会有少量Fe S2矿物首先溶解然后从溶液中沉淀出来。     

氧化锌烟尘浸出液中锗的分离富集

针对单宁沉锗工艺中存在单宁引入影响锌电解和单宁消耗量大导致工艺成本高的问题,开展中和沉淀-浸出富集锗研究,替代单宁沉锗达到富集锗的目的。以氧化锌烟尘浸出液为原料、工业氧化锌烟尘为中和剂,考察时间、pH、温度对中和沉淀效果影响,研究中和沉淀过程中锗、铁、砷、硅元素行为规律,同时考察中和渣浸出效果。研究结果表明：经两段逆流中和沉淀,一段温度为45℃、中和时间为2 h、pH=4.0～4.5,二段温度为45℃、中和时间为1.5 h、通氧量为60 L/h、pH=5.0～5.2,一段中和渣含锗1.13%,二段沉锗后液中锗质量浓度为1.98 mg/L,锗、铁、砷和硅的沉淀率分别为99.08%、26.72%、99.12%和95.36%,沉锗后液可直接返回锌冶炼系统。将中和渣经氧压-常压浸出后,氧压浸出渣中锗含量为3 148.9 g/t,浸出液锗质量浓度为1.72 g/L,锗、铁、砷和硅的浸出率分别为85.86%、25.46%、68.33%和11.39%。氧压浸出渣再经常压浸出后,常压浸出渣中锗含量为1884.9g/t,浸出液中锗质量浓度为331.1 mg/L,锗浸出率提升至95.96%,在富集锗的同时...     

稀盐酸中用锌精矿还原浸出锰结核

研究了在１．０～３．０ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ水溶液中用锌硫化物精矿与太平洋底锰结核同时浸出时，锌精矿与锰结核的配比、浸出液初始ＨＣｌ浓度、浸出温度及浸出时间对２种矿物中Ｍｎ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｕ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ和Ｆｅ的浸出影响。结果表明，随着浸出温度升高，金属浸出率增加；只要酸足够，浸出液初始酸浓度对金属浸出率影响不大。当浸出温度为９０℃，初始ＨＣｌ浓度为１．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ锰结核配入过剩系数为１．２，液固比约为１３：１，浸出９０ｍｉｎ时，锌浸出率大于８０％，Ｎｉ，Ｃｏ，Ｃｕ和Ｍｎ浸出率大于９８％。原料中的硫９０％以上留在浸出残渣中，主要以元素硫形式存在。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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