冲击疲劳裂纹扩展

本文综合归纳了金属材料的冲击疲劳裂纹扩展研究。讨论了冲击应力行征参量,如应力幅值,加载时间,2次应力峰值和过载,对冲击疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响;对材料在冲击和非冲击疲劳载荷作用下的裂纹扩展行为进行了比较。结果表明：冲击应力特征参量对冲击疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响规律与其裂纹尖端的微观变形、断裂机制有关;材料在冲击和非冲击疲劳载荷作用下的裂纹扩展速率存在3种不同的关系,并取决于材料在冲击和非冲击疲劳载何作用下的裂纹扩展机理;应力幅值,应力花样和材料的显微组织对材料的冲击疲劳裂纹扩展的影响大于对非冲击疲劳裂纹扩展的影响,冲击载荷常导致材料脆化并加速材料的疲劳裂纹扩展。     

冲击疲劳裂纹扩展(英文)

本文综合归纳了金属材料的冲击疲劳裂纹扩展研究。讨论了冲击应力特征参量 ,如应力幅值 ,加载时间 ,2次应力峰值和过载 ,对冲击疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响 ;对材料在冲击和非冲击疲劳载荷作用下的裂纹扩展行为进行了比较。结果表明 :冲击应力特征参量对冲击疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响规律与其裂纹尖端的微观变形、断裂机制有关 ;材料在冲击和非冲击疲劳载荷作用下的裂纹扩展速率存在 3种不同的关系 ,并取决于材料在冲击和非冲击疲劳载何作用下的裂纹扩展机理 ;应力幅值 ,应力花样和材料的显微组织对材料的冲击疲劳裂纹扩展的影响大于对非冲击疲劳裂纹扩展的影响 ,冲击载荷常导致材料脆化并加速材料的疲劳裂纹扩展。     

冲击疲劳裂纹扩展

本文综合归纳了金属材料的冲击疲劳裂纹扩展研究。讨论了冲击应力特征参量,如应力幅值,加载时间,２次应力峰值和过载,对冲击疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响;对材料在冲击和非冲击疲劳载荷作用下的裂纹扩展行为进行了比较。结果表明：冲击应力特征参量对冲击疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响规律与其裂纹尖端的微观变形、断裂机制有关;材料在冲击和非冲击疲劳载荷作用下的裂纹扩展速率存在３种不同的,并取决于材料在冲击和非冲击疲劳载何作用下     

921A钢焊接接头在腐蚀疲劳下表面裂纹扩展规律

本文对921A钢焊接接头在海水腐蚀环境下受弯曲疲劳载菏作用时表面裂纹扩展规律进行了试验研究.试探了表面半椭圆裂纹的预制方法和在腐蚀环境中的疲劳刻痕技术;拟合了表面裂纹扩展的形状函数a=f(c)和裂纹扩展速率;得出表面裂纹长度与深度之间的关系.     

Ⅰ-Ⅲ型复合加载下铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展速率

通过有限元数值模拟和疲劳裂纹扩展试验,研究了铝合金材料在Ⅰ-Ⅲ复合型加载条件下的疲劳裂纹扩展规律,得到了在不同加载情况下裂纹的应力强度因子、裂纹前缘能量场和塑性区半径.在分析Ⅰ型拉力载荷对裂纹扩展的基础上,着重分析了Ⅲ型加载对Ⅰ型裂纹应力强度因子及裂纹前缘能量场的影响.结果表明:应力强度因子KⅠ随着Ⅲ型加载的增大而减小,而裂纹附近塑性区半径增大.进行Ⅲ型静态加载会使疲劳裂纹扩展速率减小,在一定范围内,Ⅰ-Ⅲ复合型疲劳裂纹扩展速率随着Ⅲ型加载的增加而减小;而在进行Ⅲ型循环加载会使疲劳裂纹扩展速率增大,在一定范围内,Ⅰ-Ⅲ复合型疲劳裂纹扩展速率随着Ⅲ型加载的增加而增大.     

钢筋混凝土界面疲劳裂纹扩展模拟研究

界面脱粘是钢筋混凝土材料与结构的主要失效形式之一.基于剪切筒模型和常用疲劳加载方式,首先建立了循环荷载作用下钢筋与混凝土界面脱粘应力的计算模型;然后根据断裂脱粘准则,借助描述疲劳裂纹扩展的Paris公式,得到了脱粘界面疲劳裂纹扩展速率、扩展长度以及脱粘界面上摩擦系数与循环加载次数的关系;最后对处于循环荷载作用下的钢筋与混凝土界面进行裂纹扩展的模拟计算与分析.结果表明,摩擦系数的衰减程度是影响界面脱粘应力大小及裂纹扩展快慢的主要因素,而且材料的尺寸效应对界面疲劳特性的影响也不容忽视.     

高温短时人工时效对2524合金疲劳性能的影响

研究高温短时时效对2524合金室温拉伸及疲劳性能的影响,采用3DAP分析、透射电镜等对合金组织进行观察.结果表明:经过高温短时时效试样的抗拉强度与自然时效试样的相当,但是塑性有很大的提高;高温短时时效后试样的疲劳裂纹扩展速率比自然时效试样低.经过高温短时人工时效的2524合金组织中Cu和Mg原子发生强烈偏聚形成圆盘状的GPB区,尺寸较大,这种人工时效组织既能提高应力循环下的裂纹张开扩展阻力,又不影响裂纹闭合,从而降低疲劳裂纹扩展速率.     

ZrO2陶瓷材料在水环境中的疲劳断裂特性

采用断裂力学中的四点弯曲试验法 ,对 Zr O_2 陶瓷材料分别在大气、水环境中的静疲劳和循环疲劳破坏特性进行研究 ,通过扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)对试验片断裂面的微细组织进行观察 ,分析并阐明了造成材料疲劳断裂的机理 .结果表明 ,相同应力条件下 ,材料在水环境中的疲劳寿命比大气环境中低以及循环疲劳对材料的疲劳寿命起到劣化作用 ,该劣化作用可以认为是由于循环应力使得微裂纹增加和扩展造成的 .     

应力比和频率对腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展的影响

采用微机辅助直流电位法，研究了应力比和频率对ＬＹ１２ＣＺ铝合金在３．５％ＮａＣｌ水溶液中腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展的影响．结果表明，应力比升高，裂纹扩展速率升高，但频率变化对裂纹扩展速率无显著影响．文中给出了裂纹扩展速率定量表达式     

ZrO2陶瓷材料在水环境中的疲劳断裂特征

采用断裂力学中的四点弯曲试验法，对ZrO2陶瓷材料分别在大气、水环境中的静疲劳和循环疲劳破坏特性进行研究，通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对试验片断裂面的微细组织进行观察，分析并阐明了造成材料疲劳断裂的机理。结果表明，相同应力条件下，材料在水环境中的疲劳寿命比大气环境中低以及循环疲劳对材料的疲劳寿命起到劣化作用，该劣化作用可以认为是由于循环应力使得微裂纹增加和扩展造成的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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