基于最大熵原理与最优化方法的隧道衬砌结构可靠度分析

针对隧道衬砌结构参数的随机性、分布的多样性与极限状态功能函数高度非线性的特征,运用最大熵原理对隧道衬砌结构参数进行估计,得到符合实际的参数估计值;然后,根据隧道衬砌结构稳定的极限状态方程,从结构可靠度指标的几何涵义出发,建立其可靠度指标计算的优化数学模型,并运用Microsoft Excel工作表中的规划求解功能得到其可靠度指标.结合工程实际,给出具体算例,且指出提高隧道衬砌结构可靠度的途径.研究结果表明:该方法用于计算工程结构可靠度指标无需将状态函数线性化,不受基本变量维数限制,收敛速度快,计算效率高,且与蒙特卡罗100万次直接抽样法计算结果相比,具有很高的精度,能广泛适用于隧道及地下工程领域的可靠度计算和分析.     

地下工程结构自防水质量的控制

本文分析了影响地下工程结构自防水质量的因素,探讨了提高结构自防水质量的控制措施,归纳总结了提高地下工程结构自防水质量的控制措施及解决方法,理解掌握《地下工程防水技术规范》GB50108—2008中与地下工程结构自防水的相关要求,地下工程迎水面主体应采用防水混凝土结构：     

松软围岩隧道结构稳定可靠性估计

分析了深部地下工程围岩与结构的相互作用原理,提出了极限状态方程建立准则,然后按照新奥法原理给出最小荷载的估算公式.在分析衬砌力学传递机理基础上揭示了衬砌变形协调的3种基本类型,推导了在不同协调情况下结构实际抗力的计算公式,探讨了极限状态方程的建立方法.根据结构参数和状态函数的复杂性,研究了统计矩方法估算稳定可靠性概率的实用性.由此构成了该类隧道结构稳定可靠性估计的完整方法.并采用该方法分析了某隧道结构的稳定可靠度,验证了其有效性.     

地下工程的可靠性与风险决策

利用可靠度理论和风险理论对地下工程的可靠性和风险进行了评价,将可信因子应用到风险决策中,结合实例探讨了风险决策的方法和步骤。     

桥梁结构时变可靠度分析计算过程研究

现今桥梁结构可靠度的计算的方法有很多,但是大多数都只是关于桥梁结构时不变可靠度的,所谓的时变可靠度的计算,是针对结构抗力在基准期内是否发生变化的一种称谓。一旦涉及抗力的衰减,桥梁结构的可靠度的计算分析过程就更加复杂起来了,令很多初学者难以理清思路,因此本文介绍了桥梁结构时变可靠度的计算分析过程,以供参考。     

结构可靠度计算理论研究与进展

介绍了结构可靠度分析的意义,详细阐述了结构构件及结构体系可靠度计算理论和方法。对结构可靠性发展中存在的问题及其发展方向进行了讨论,指出了今后可靠度理论的研究重点和研究方向。     

多种情况下的工程结构可靠度

针对目前结构设计中可靠度分析的局限性，详细讨论了设计结构、已有特定结构、抗力已知结构、受荷载验证结构的可靠度概念，以及一般服役结构的模糊动态可靠度概念．算例的三种可靠度分析结果说明文中方法更符合工程实际     

多种情况下的工程结构工程度

针对目前结构设计中可靠度分析的局限性，详细讨论了设计结构、已有特定结构、抗力已知结构、受荷载验证结构的可靠度概念，以及一般股径结构的模糊动态可靠度概念，算例的三种可靠度分析结果说明文中方法更符合工程实际。     

隧洞结构截面与体系可靠度计算

本文研究适于复杂地基条件下隧洞结构截面可靠度计算的随机有限元法以及体系可靠度分析的数学模型，导出了有关计算公式，编写了电算程序。计算了某水工隧洞结构的截面可靠度和体系可靠度，并分析了隧洞的长度和破坏区域的平均长度对体系可靠度的影响。     

建筑结构可靠度的确定

通过对建筑结构可靠度概念及影响因素的分析,反映了现阶段结构可靠度计算的方法和缺陷。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.