企业知识基础网络结构与技术创新绩效的关系——基于中国电子信息行业的实证分析

企业知识基础是其技术创新的起点,提高中国企业的自主创新能力已成为管理学界和企业关注的焦点问题之一。为了明确企业知识基础网络结构与技术创新绩效间的关系,以中国电子信息行业31家企业的37 108发明专利数据为样本,以专利的国际技术分类为知识基础网络的节点,同属于2个技术分类的专利数量为节点间边的权重,构建了企业的知识基础网络。通过对中国电子信息行业中企业的知识基础网络结构特征和技术创新绩效关系的实证分析,发现企业知识基础网络密度和分解性与技术创新绩效之间存在倒U型关系,而中心性与技术创新绩效之间的曲线关系未得到实证支持。     

合作创新的领导权博弈与利益协调研究

研究了合作创新的权力结构对知识创造及创新绩效的作用机理.考虑上下游企业合作创新的知识共享、创造及利益分配过程,界定权力均衡(LS)、上游企业领导(UL)、下游企业领导(DL)等领导权博弈模型并进行创新效率分析.研究发现:权力结构影响合作创新效率,LS模式下企业的知识产出与供应链利润优于UL、DL模式;企业的知识溢出既可提高合作伙伴的知识产出与创新利润,也存在知识外溢损失风险,UL、DL模式下领导者(跟随者)知识溢出与其创新利润正(负)相关,LS模式下企业的知识溢出与其创新利润呈"倒U型"关系;创新贡献率是引起合作利益冲突的主要原因,使用Nash协商模型检验了通过协商机制解决利益协调问题的有效性,比较发现LS模式的利益协调效果优于UL、DL模式.最后,讨论了研究的管理启示.     

考虑知识共享的员工动态激励机制设计

通过采用适当的激励机制,企业可以促进员工之间进行知识共享,从而提高企业整体效率和产出。为了促进团队知识共享,采用委托代理理论,将影响知识共享的因素加入到激励机制设计中,包含了显性的物质激励因素和隐性的精神激励因素。在现有的员工激励机制的基础上,构建了两阶段动态同质员工激励模型,并分析了主要相关因素变化时的激励效果。研究发现,降低员工共享知识的成本,给予员工适当的精神鼓励和发放绩效工资能有效影响提高员工共享知识的意愿。     

基于模糊综合评判的机场打击效果评估

针对机场打击效果评估这一热点问题,根据机场的基本组成结构和特点,提出了基于几何、纹理和整体特征的机场毁伤评估准则以及知识推理模糊综合评估数学模型,对模型的结构和评估过程进行了一定的描述,研究并实现了基于模糊综合评判理论的机场跑道打击效果评估系统。实验结果表明,该系统是一种可行的机场打击效果评估系统。     

论亚里士多德灵魂学说中的系统论思想

亚里士多德系统论思想在其灵魂学说中充分展示。他从整体性思想出发,论证灵魂先于肉体、灵魂离不开肉体之间的辩证关系。他剖析了作为人的＂思想的灵魂＂的三种活动,即灵魂的理论性活动、实践性活动与创制性活动之间既相互区别又相互关联的内在本性,并进一步阐释了灵魂三种活动所产生的三种知识,即科学知识、实践知识与创制知识之间的根本性区别。     

哥德尔不完全性定理的哲学思考

哥德尔不完全性定理是20世纪逻辑和数学史上的一座里程碑,必在哲学上引发巨大的思考空间和反思力度。首先,既然"真"与"可证"不能等同的,那么"真"是否可定义的?"真"与"可证"两个概念之间到底是一种什么关系?其次,它是否意味着我们的知识是不确定的,如果能表明知识不是确定的,那我们是不是在知识的可靠性上要承认彻底的怀疑主义?再次,在人工智能化的今天,人的主体性地位受到严重的挑战,那是否意味着如后现代主义哲学家所说人的主体性将被抹去?等等。     

You are Seldom Born with a Drum Kit in Your Hands: Music Teachers’ Conceptualizations of Knowledge and Learning Within Music Education as an Assessment Practice

Due to an increased demand for evaluation and accountability, the focus on assessment in public education has become stronger. Already leading to teachers’ deprofessionalization, another risk is assessment leading to criteria compliance and becoming a tool for measuring teaching quality. Those whose learning is affected are thereby not only students, but also teachers. One major factor to restore professionalism and focus assessment on learning is to change practitioners’ ways of thinking and not only their behaviour. Therefore, a group of seven music teachers and a researcher in music education have carried out a research and development project using participatory action research as approach as well as method. This article explores and presents these upper secondary school music teachers’ conceptualizations of musical knowledge, learning and educational communication working with peers. Using Deweyan pragmatism as a lens to interpret the qualitative data, the results show that while a professional language does exist, the music teachers’ conceptualizations of musical knowledge and learning and educational approaches differ. A key aspect for the teachers to develop their professional language, concepts and assessment practices is the teachers’ opportunities to communicate—both factual as well as perceived.     

Knowledge reconstruction and justification for regional vitalization

This paper considers the regional vitalization problem and discusses the methodology to create regional vitalization plans, which include activating the local economy, enriching people＇s lives, and activating the feelings of people, by new initiatives. Activily underlying the methodology is the experience of implementing several actual projects with the local residents, and theory underlying the methodology is the knowledge construction and justification theory based on knowledge management and systems thinking. Introducing an actual vitalization project as an illustrative example, the paper proposes a knowledge reconstruction and justification procedure for regional vitalization.     

企业家精神如何影响技术创新扩散：一个有调节的中介模型

基于熊彼特创新理论，探讨企业家精神对技术创新扩散的内在影响机制，进一步分析知识共享、环境动荡性对上述作用过程的中介作用和调节作用。基于279份问卷调查数据，采用层次回归分析进行实证检验。结果表明：企业家精神在直接促进技术创新扩散的同时，也通过加强知识共享来间接地促进技术创新扩散；环境动荡性，即技术动荡性与市场动荡性均负向调节知识共享对技术创新扩散的促进作用；环境动荡性较弱的条件下知识共享对企业家精神与技术创新扩散的中介效应显著，反之则知识共享的中介作用不显著。     

改进的舰船维修费案例调整模型

为提高舰船维修费案例的调整效果,遵循着调整知识产生、调整知识约简和调整知识推理的建模过程,提出了一种改进的舰船维修费案例调整模型。在该模型中,采用Policastro的重构方式,利用目标案例的直接和间接相似案例集,产生舰船维修费案例的调整知识;针对调整知识中可能存在冗余、相关性、知识量过于庞大不便于推理等问题,提出了一种既能有效约简调整知识、又能准确衡量调整知识重要度的改进规则约简方法,并给出了具体的实现算法;为提高知识推理的效率,采用具有强泛化能力和出色学习能力的最小二乘支持向量机（least square support vector machine,LSSVM）,构建了舰船维修费案例调整知识推理模型,并基于遗传算法（genetic algorithm,GA）和交叉验证方法,对推理模型的有关参数进行了优化。实例结果表明,与其他案例调整模型相比,所提模型在调整精度上要远远好于其他模型,所提模型是科学、有效的。     

基于探索式创新的知识整合能力对制造企业绩效的影响

探索式创新对制造企业提升其核心竞争力具有重要意义,围绕知识基础理论和协同创新理论,构建了基于探索式创新的知识整合能力对制造企业绩效的影响模型,并分析协作研发广度和深度的调节作用.利用2000～2017年中国制造业1239家上市高新技术企业为样本进行实证分析.结果表明:混合型和创造型知识整合能力均与制造企业绩效呈倒U型关...     

Systems Pluralism in Infrastructure Decision-Making for Socially Connected Greenfield Communities

The problem in planning for relevant infrastructure in new communities is that the community doesn’t yet exist and is not engaged in the planning process. As such, planners draw on available housing and demographic information and essentially ‘best guess’ the future community’s infrastructure and social connection needs. This situation spotlights a gap in the planning literature concerning ways to ‘better determine’ a future community’s infrastructures that enable social connection between residents. In seeking to help address that knowledge gap, the purpose of this paper is to theoretically argue for the process of and illustrate the value of, pursuing a hybrid systems thinking approach to the identification and deployment of the physical infrastructures that may help better facilitate the social connectedness of a future community in new greenfield development areas. This approach combines aspects of Soft systems methodology and system dynamics. Such a process informs the development of a decision support model for Planners’ that incorporates multiple user perspectives in these local planning decisions and contributes to the structural advancement of socially connected communities.     

北京市知识密集型服务业增加值的 Markov SCGM(1, 1)C预测模型

将1991-2009年北京市知识密集型服务业增加值作为原始数据序列, 对部分统计信息修正后, 应用单因子系统云灰色模型拟合时序数据的总体趋势; 然后将所得相对误差作为随机波动过程, 用马尔柯夫链原理对其状态进行预测; 最后综合运用MarkovSCGM(1, 1)_C模型, 对未来3年北京市知识密集型服务业增加值进行了预测, 结果表明具有良好的预测精度.     

多层次科技人才综合素质测评的专家系统

在多层次科技人才综合素质测评的基础上，通过广泛征询相关领域专家的知识和经验，首次建立了有特色的科技人才测评专家系统。该专家系统可对多层次科技人才综合素质测评系统的测试结果进行系统的解释和说明及合理使用人才的建议，因而更具有实用性。     

An Adaptive Use of Viable System Model with Knowledge System Diagnostics Serving Industrial Democracy in a Textile Manufacturing Company

The primary purpose of this research is to improve Beer’s Viable System Model (VSM) which is built on cybernetic principles and tools and aims to design adaptive, responsive and goal-seeking organisations possessing all features of viability. Assessing the strengths and weaknesses of VSM, this research proposes to enhance the model by using it in combination with Topp’s Knowledge System Diagnostics (KSD) which tries to uncover an organisation’s rules of formation making possible the creation and maintenance of knowledge within an organisation. It is thought that, equipped with this information, an adaptive application of VSM with KSD might cure unhealthy managerial practice—a lack of employee involvement in decision making and responsibility and authority sharing—observed both in a textile manufacturer and VSM. Methodological implications of this version of multimethodology are discussed, and then research site issues are revealed and recommendations are made.     

基于知识的中药制药企业MES

针对中药制造企业生产运行、管理很大程度上依赖于经验,信息传递不及时、不全面, 管理与生产脱节, 生产指挥滞后等问题,首先分析了中药制药企业对MES 系统的需求, 并在此基础上,提出了以优化整个生产过程为核心的基于知识的中药制药企业MES 系统,给出了系统的功能模型并详细阐述了各功能模块.然后重点研究了系统构建的关键技术: 知识的提取、知识的融合、知识的重用、生产过程优化等.该系统采用开放性的、可扩展的、模块化的、面向对象的体系结构,能实现生产过程的最优计划与调度、药品批次的跟踪、设备的预测性维护等功能,已在贵州某中药厂进行了应用验证, 应用效果良好.     

基于模糊Petri网的个性化运动方案智能生成

为了生成针对不同用户个体的个性化科学运动方案，一个基于模糊Petri网的个性化运动方案智能生成方法被提出。该方法遵循FITT（Frequency-Intensity-Time-Type）原则，依据大规模运动知识构造运动类型、运动时间、运动频率、运动强度模糊Petri网，结合个体的个性化信息，以矩阵运算形式进行智能推理。首先推理生成个性化运动类型，在此基础上进一步推理个性化的运动时间、频率和强度，然后基于个体意愿对不同运动类型的运动方案进行组合，最终形成一套完备且可操作性高的个性化运动方案。     

Biased Learning Creates Overconfidence

The aim of this paper is to develop a multi-period economic model to interpret how the people become overconfident by a biased learning that people tend to attribute the success to their abilities and failures to other factors. The authors suppose that the informed trader does not know the distribution of the precision of his private signal and updates his belief on the distribution of the precision of his knowledge by Bayer’s rule. The informed trader can eventually recognize the value of the precision of his knowledge after an enough long time biased learning, but the value is overestimated which leads him to be overconfident. Furthermore, based on the definition on the luckier trader who succeeds the same times but has the larger variance of the knowledge, the authors find that the luckier the informed trader is, the more overconfident he will be; the smaller the biased learning factor is, the more overconfident the informed trader is. The authors also obtain a linear equilibrium which can explain some anomalies in financial markets, such as the high observed trading volume and excess volatility.     

Environmental Education: Enhancing Learning and Awareness Through Assessment

Environmental issues are rapidly gaining momentum globally as humans try to find sustainable solutions to the effects of climate change, carbon emissions, and the actions of human-kind (see Olver, Blacklist those who ‘greenwash’. Companies must walk the talk regarding climate. The Times, 2011a; The weather warriors’ war. Real change will come when a few good men and women say ‘enough is enough’. The Times, 2011b). To enhance learning and awareness of environmental issues among Environmental Education students and the community at large, this study situated assessments within communities of practice around the university. Using action engagement within action research students had to work with insiders from the community to identify, formulate action or intervention plans and find solutions to problem situations in the community. Using action engagement within action research in this study definitely enhanced student’s knowledge of their community’s problems. Their personal involvement and the cyclical approach adopted, enhanced students’ emotional understanding and gave them an insider perspective into the situations and problems that required intervention; and trust was built between the students and members of the community as they worked together to accomplish a common goal.