内蒙古大青山晚中生代以来的隆升-剥露过程

对大青山东段4件基岩样品进行磷灰石裂变径迹研究,获得该区晚中生代以来的隆升?剥露历史,并探讨大青山现代地貌的形成。样品的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为57.7±3.8~50.4±3.3 Ma,封闭径迹长度分布在10.7±0.4~9.9±0.1μm之间。热历史模拟结果表明,大青山地区存在晚白垩世(约100~90 Ma)和中?晚中新世(13.5~7 Ma)以来两个快速抬升冷却阶段,13.5~7 Ma以来是本区剥露最快的时期,这一阶段的隆升造就现今大青山的地貌格局。     

Apatite fission track dating evidence on the tectonization of Gangdese block, south Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

This work makes the quantitative constrain on tectonizations of the Gangdese block, south Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Apatite fission track (AFT) dating analyses of 15 samples collected across the Gangdese block show that the Gangdese block went through two periods of tectonizations, during ~37.2 - 18.5 Ma and 18.5 - 8.0 Ma in the south Gangdese block, and during ~47.6 - 5.3 Ma and 5.3 - 0 Ma in the middle Gangdese block. Different upliftings did not take place in the first period and rapid uplifting occurred in the late period. Meantime, there are some differences between the south and middle Gangdese block. Their uplifting rate is 180 m/Ma and 70 m/Ma respectively. The rapid uplifting time in the middle Gangdese block lagged behind the time in the south Gangdese block. It is Chala-Jiacuo-Riduo fault zone that is similar to the Yarlung Zangbo fault zone in control of the tectonization.     

Evidences of rapid erosion driven by climate in the Yarlung Zangbo （Tsangpo） Great Canyon, the eastern Himalayan syntaxis

Climate and tectonism are both particularly intense in the Yarlung Zangbo (Tsangpo) Great Canyon in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis,which is characterized by the most rapid landscape evolution of anywhere in the world.Thus,the eastern Himalayan syntaxis is one of the best locations to study the interactions between climate and tectonics.This paper investigates the cooling ages of the Doxong La-Baibung profile using apatite fission track (AFT) dating on 11 bedrock samples at elevations ranging from 4210 to 710 m.There are topographic,climatic,metamorphic,and thermochronological gradients in the profile,providing good conditions to study interactions between climate and tectonics.AFT ages ranged from 4.6±0.6 Ma to 1.7±0.3 Ma,and the mean fission track lengths ranged from 11.0 to 12.4 μm.It was found that the cooling rates revealed by AFT ages increased with decreasing elevation.However,the tendency of the cooling rates revealed by the 40 Ar-39 Ar ages was different from that indicated by the AFT ages.Moreover,for most districts of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis,the compiled AFT age distribution correlates well with the annual average precipitation,indicating the coupling of the cooling and erosion rates of the near-surface rock and precipitation.The geothermal history modeling results indicate an obvious increase in the cooling and erosion rate between 1.0 and 0.5 Ma.This age is consistent with other research findings for this time,when the vapor channel of the Yarlung Zangbo Great Canyon began to take effect.These evidences suggest that climate,especially precipitation,has acting as a key factor influencing the rapid cooling and erosion in the Yarlung Zangbo Great Canyon since 1-0.5 Ma.     

Mesozoic-Cenozoic thermal history of Turpan-Hami Basin: apatite fission track constraints

Turpan HamiBasinisoneofthreekeyoil/gas bearingbasinsinXinjiang ,China .TheaeromagneticdatadisclosethatTurpan HamiBasinisofdoublebasements ,namelythePrecambriancrystalbasementandthePaleozoicfoldingbasementofvolcanicrockandclasticrock[1,2 ] .ThebasementevolutionstoppedattheendoftheCarboniferous .EarlyPermianwasaperiodofanimportanttectonictransitionintheTur pan HamiBasinthatunderwentatransformfromthebasementevolutiontothecoverevolutionstartingfromtheLatePermian[3] .Thebasinistotallyinlaidi…     

鲁西隆起蒙山晚白垩世-新生代抬升的裂变径迹证据

 研究晚白垩世以来蒙山的抬升对全面认识鲁西隆起区的构造演化具有重要的意义。对采自蒙山山脉的6个岩石样品进行了磷灰石/锆石裂变径迹测年及热历史模拟分析。分析结果表明蒙山自晚白垩世开始快速抬升,经历了70~43 Ma和32~20 Ma两个快速抬升阶段,并且蒙山的抬升表现出加速抬升的特征。晚白垩世以来蒙山的快速抬升与其毗邻的泰山有着较好的对应关系,蒙山的整体抬升略早于泰山,并且鲁西隆起的抬升表现出由南向北的抬升序列。蒙山的两期快速抬升事件很好地对应了济阳坳陷在这两个时期经历的构造沉降和区域隆升过程,表明新生代蒙山的快速抬升与济阳坳陷的构造演化有着良好的隆拗耦合关系。     

四川盆地地表剥蚀量恢复及其意义

磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)热隆升史模拟能够定量恢复盆地四维动态热隆升剥蚀过程.根据四川盆地93件磷灰石裂变径迹样品定量热史模拟表明,晚白垩世以来盆地发生了广泛的阶段式抬升剥蚀作用,即晚白垩世(～65 Ma前)快速隆升剥蚀、古近纪(65～23 Ma前左右)缓慢隆升剥蚀、新近纪(23 Ma前至今)快速隆升剥蚀.晚白垩世至今盆地范围内隆升剥蚀总厚度普遍大于2.5 km,新近纪快速隆升剥蚀幅度普遍大于1 km.进一步结合31组镜质体反射率反演校正剥蚀量数据,编绘阶段性(晚白垩世以来和新近纪)四川盆地地表剥蚀量等厚图,综合表明晚白垩世以来四川盆地隆升剥蚀量等值线展布格局发生根本变化,即早期主要以NE向展布格局为主(具近NE向和E-W向特征),新近纪则主要以近E-W向展布格局、盆地南北分异(北部地区隆升剥蚀量普遍小于2 km,南部地区普遍大于2 km)为主.四川盆地大中型油气田空间分布与晚中生代-新生代低剥蚀量具有密切联系.     

Meso-Cenozoic uplifting and exhumation on Yunkaidashan： Evidence from fission track thermochronology

Yunkaidashan, located at the southern South China block (SCB) and closely adjacent to the Indochina block, is an ideal region for better understanding the temporal and spatial framework of tectonothermal overprinting at the southern SCB since Mesozoic. Apatite and zircon fission track thermochronology of various-type rocks from Yunkaidashan is presented in this paper. The results show, no matter what rocks are, the apparent ages of zircon fission track range from 97.4 to 133.0 Ma, and those of apatite fission track from 43.2 to 68.4 Ma. The length of apatite fission track yields an average confined track length of -13 μm andshows normal distribution of unimodal frequency. It is inferred that the uplifting amplitude has been more than 5 km in Yunkaidashan since late Mesozoic. The difference of fission track apparent ages at different locations in Yunkaidashan suggests a paleophysiognomic scenario of the heterogeneous uplift/denudation. These data of the fission track thermochronology provide new constraints for better understanding the tectonophysiognomic pattern of the SCB sincelate Mesozoic.     

Mesozoic-Cenozoic thermal history of Turpan-Hami Basin: apatite fission track constraints

Apatite fission track dating is carried out on nine samples collected from the central part (Lianmuqin section) and from both northern and southern margins of Turpan-Hami Basin. The fission-track ages of seven Jurassic samples are distinctly younger than depositional ages. In contrast, the fission-track ages of two Cretaceous samples are older than, or as old as depositional ages. These observations indicate that the Jurassic samples have been annealed or partially annealed, whereas the Cretaceous samples have not been annealed.The further thermal modelling results show that Turpan-Hami Basin experienced a Late Cretaceous period (120-100 Ma) of tectonic uplift with rapid cooling and exhumation of sediments. The samples underwent a Cenozoic period of reburial and re-heating and were exhumed again at 10-8 Ma.     

鄂尔多斯盆地中生代构造事件及其沉积响应特点

以鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代构造演化的区域动力学环境分析为基础,重点通过锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年龄数据的统计分析,提供了鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代构造事件的年代学约束,并结合地层不整合关系和沉积建造特征讨论了中生代构造事件的沉积响应特点.讨论结果表明:印支期构造事件主要发生在230~190Ma,在盆地西南缘发育晚三叠世粗碎屑类磨拉石建造.燕山期构造事件主要发生在燕山中晚期的150~85Ma,包含145Ma±、120Ma±和95Ma±三个峰值年龄组,锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹年龄叠合分布的峰值年龄(140~150Ma±,平均145Ma±),指示了鄂尔多斯盆地中新生代构造演化过程中最为关键的一次构造变革事件,并在盆地西南缘发育上侏罗统芬芳河组和下白垩统志丹群等多套粗碎屑类磨拉石建造.     

Closure temperature of (U-Th)/He system in apatite obtained from natural drillhole samples in the Tarim basin and its geological significance

The apatite(U-Th)/He thermochronometry has been used to study the tectono-thermal evolution of mountains and sedimentary basins for over ten years.The closure temperature of helium is important for the apatite(U-Th)/He thermochronometry and has been widely studied by thermal simulation experiments.In this paper,the apatite He closure temperature was studied by establishing the evolutionary pattern between apatite He ages and apatite burial depth based on examined apatite He ages of natural samples obtained from drillholes in the Tarim basin,China.The study showed that the apatite He closure temperature of natural samples in the Tarim basin is approximately 88±5℃,higher than the result(～75℃) obtained from the thermal simulation experiments.The high He closure temperature resulted from high effective uranium concentration,long-term radiation damage accumulation,and sufficient particle radii.This study is a reevaluation of the conventional apatite He closure temperature and has a great significance in studying the uplifting events in the late period of the basin-mountain tectonic evolution,of which the uplifting time and rates can be determined accurately.     

Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic exhumation history of Tiantangzhai region of Dabieshan Orogen： Constraints from （U-Th）／He and fission track analysis

Integrated fission track and (U-Th)/He analysis is carried out on 6 apatite and 6 zircon samples from a near vertical section in The Tiantangzhai region at the core of the present Dabieshan orogen. The result shows that the region experienced cooling/exhumation during the Late Cretaceousand Early Tertiary period. Age-elevation relationships for different dating systems and different minerals suggest a pulse of rapid exhumation at ～110 Ma before present, preserved in the structurally highest samples. At lower elevations, ages begin to decrease with decreasing elevation, suggesting lower exhumation rates since 90 Ma. Two periods of different exhumation rates are identified since 90 Ma. The average apparent exhumation rate for the period of 43.4—22.5 is 0.062 km/Ma, whereas that for the period of 76.4—47.4 Ma is 0.039 km/Ma.     

南天山新生代隆升和去顶作用过程

利用磷灰石裂变径迹技术并结合库车坳陷的沉积和变形特征，对南天山的隆升和去顶作用过程进行详细的研究。南天山在中新世早期就开始了现代天山形成的隆升事件，根据样品的磷灰石裂变径迹结果，其隆升年龄为17～25Ma；而且此隆升事件是一快速隆升事件，隆升速率达到138．8～198．8m/Ma。中新世南天山隆升的南部边界并不是前人所认为的北部古生代地层和南部中新生代地层之间的冲断层，而是在南部的中新生代地层中。在库车坳陷的阳霞地区，隆升的界线位于吐格尔明背斜核部的韧性剪切带。通过库车坳陷的新生代沉积和变形特征的分析，提出了天山中新世以来的隆升与库车坳陷的沉积和变形特征存在很好的耦合关系。     

Rapid denudation of the Himalayan orogen in the Nyalam area,southern Tibet,since the Pliocene and implications for tectonics–climate coupling

The Himalayan orogen characterized by very high variability in tectonic and climatic processes,and is thus regarded as a natural laboratory for investigating the coupling of tectonics and climate,as well as the influence of this coupling on geomorphological processes.This study uses apatite fission track(AFT)dating of samples from a45-km-long section crossing the Great Himalaya Crystalline Complex(GHC)in the Nyalam area,southern Tibet,to constrain the timing and rate of late Cenozoic denudation.The AFT ages can be divided into two groups:(1)15–6 Ma,to the north of Nyalam town,for which the bestfit line of elevation-age has a gentle slope of 0.05,and for which a denudation rate of 0.27 mm/a is calculated;and(2)3–1 Ma,south of Nyalam town,for which the best-fit line has a steep slope of 0.64,and for which a denudation rate of 1.32 mm/a is calculated.The whole AFT ages has a positive correlation with sample elevation(i.e.,older ages are found at higher elevations),and the geographical location of the point of inflexion of the two fitted lines corresponds closely to the junction of Poqu River near Nyalam town.By integrating the AFT data with thermotectonic modeling,it can be inferred that the GHC has experienced two different periods of denudation:(1)slow denudation during middle to late Miocene(15–6 Ma)is recorded in the northern part of the GHC;and(2)rapid denudation from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene(3–1 Ma)is recorded in the southern part of the GHC.An abrupt change in denudation rate occurred between the two periods,with the Pliocene–Pleistocene denudation rate being five times higher than that during the Miocene.This abrupt change in denudation rate during Pliocene pervaded the Himalayan orogen,and was roughly synchronous with a marked change in global climate at 4–3 Ma,and intensification of the Asian monsoon.Importantly,the later period of rapid denudation in the study region closely coupled to the mean annual precipitation,while there is no clear evidence for large-scale faulting activity and associated uplift during this period.Therefore,climate(precipitation)is inferred to be the main cause of the rapid denudation of the Himalayan orogen since the Pliocene.     

龙门山造山带-川西前陆盆地系统构造事件研究

通过对构造事件形成的产物 (岩浆岩、各种矿物等 )进行氩 -氩年龄测定、裂变径迹年龄测定、ESR年龄测定和计算机模拟 ,得出龙门山造山带 -川西前陆盆地系统自印支期以来 ,共发生了 7次构造事件 :(1)卡尼期末的构造事件 (D1 ) ,形成 S1 和 F1 ,并有区域低温动热变质作用 ;(2 )诺利期末的构造事件 (安县运动 ,D2 ) ,产生川西前陆盆地上三叠统须四段与下伏地层不整合接触和须四段砾岩的分布 ,并有较强的岩浆作用 ;(3)燕山期 (12 0～ 130 Ma,D3) ,有较强的岩浆作用和变质作用 ;(4 )喜马拉雅期 6 0 Ma左右的构造事件 (D4) ;(5 )喜马拉雅期 30～ 40Ma的构造事件 (D5 ) ;(6 )喜马拉雅期 2 0～ 2 5 Ma的构造事件 (D6 ) ;(7)喜马拉雅期 10 Ma的构造事件 (D7)。后 4次构造事件使龙门山造山带 -川西前陆盆地系统发生强烈的冲断作用和隆升作用     

蓬莱9-1潜山花岗岩油藏成藏时间的裂变径迹热年代学约束

油气藏成藏时间的确定一直是石油地质研究领域的难点。该文利用磷灰石裂变径迹测龄及温度-时间热史模拟技术探索了如何精确限定油气藏的成藏时间。从渤海蓬莱9-1潜山花岗岩储层裂缝带和基岩带分别获取2件磷灰石样品,根据磷灰石裂变径迹的长度、年龄和径迹分布,利用 AFT Solve 软件模拟获得了它们的温度-时间热史轨迹。2件样品相似的温度-时间热史轨迹表明,在3．8～2．6 Ma B．P．期间,由于受石油流体充注的影响,样品发生异常热扰动和温度突变,在3．2 Ma B．P．时期受扰动的温度达到最大。根据受异常热扰动的起始时间,确定蓬莱9-1潜山花岗岩石油充注时间为3．8～2．6 Ma B．P．,油气藏的主成藏期为3．2 Ma B．P．。     

Fission track age of granite batholith from Southern Tibet:implications for the plateau uplift

Fission track (FT) ages of apatite and zircon from four granite batholiths from Lhasa and Shannan areas are measured.The FT ages of apatite range from 3.2±8.3 Ma, corresponding to the uplift rates of 0.12±0.20 mm·a~(-1) during this period. The upliftheight is 580m, showing that there is not large-scale rapid uplifting in southern Tibet from 3.2 to 8.3 Ma. The zircon FT ages of Lhasabatholith are 25.9±1.7 and 32.7±2.8 Ma, yielding an uplift rate of 0.08 mm·a~(-1) between 26 and 33 Ma. Combining this work withother studies, it is suggested that the average uplift rate in southern Tibet is low from the time of collision between India and Asian conti-nents to ～3Ma. The uplift of Tibetan Plateau seems to have finished in multi-stage processes with varied rates.     

Uprising period and elevation of the Wenyu granitic pluton in the Xiaoqinling District, Central China

Xiaoqinling District is an important gold-producing area in China. It ranks second to Jiaodong with regard to gold deposits. The uprising period of the Wenyu granitic pluton and the wall-rocks of the deposit, as well as the mineralizing depth and reserved place of gold ore bodies, are significant to ore exploration. Fission-track （FT） analysis of zircons and apatites of granitic rocks from the Wenyu granitic pluton shows that apatite FT （AFT） data modeling indicates a rapid cooling rate of 20℃/Ma from 138 to 120 Ma after emplacement at 138 Ma. Thermal evolution and inversion curves suggest a secondary phase of fast cooling and up- rising from 45 to 35 Ma, and 35 Ma, respectively, with a cooling rate of 6.7℃/Ma and a denudation quantity of -4.3 km. The last cooling phase took place from 〈4 Ma, with an average cooling rate of -11.3℃/Ma and a denudation amount of 1.3 km. Total exhumation quantity of 5.6 km and uprising elevation of 7.3 km are similar to the estimated results of fluid inclusions from the Dongtongyu and Wenyu gold deposits. The 39Ar/40Ar dating of sericite from the fault planes of the Xunmadao-Xiaohe and Taiyao faults demonstrate two uprising activities of the ore-host metamorphic complex. The Huashan and Wenyu granitic plutons inten- sively occurred during 77 and 45 Ma, respectively. These data sets are valuable for understanding the uplifting process and for preserving gold ore bodies in the Xiaoqinling area, as well as for further studies on tectonic evolutions of the Taihua Complex and the Qinling-Dabie Orogen.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘差异抬升的裂变径迹证据

目的探讨鄂尔多斯盆地西缘从南至北不同地区的差异抬升时期及抬升速率。方法利用磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹年龄的综合分析,研究盆地西缘的构造差异抬升。结果西缘北部汝箕沟地区中生代以来有两次较大的抬升时期,分别为晚白垩世和始新世,抬升速率分别为29.5 m/Ma和46.5 m/Ma。中部石沟驿地区抬升时期较早,为晚侏罗世和晚白垩世,抬升速率分别为40.0m/Ma和21.9 m/Ma。南部的差异抬升最为强烈,最早的抬升时期为晚侏罗世,在炭山地区表现明显;早白垩世末—晚白垩世南部地区发生整体抬升;中新世末期六盘山地区发生快速抬升。罗山、炭山地区相对抬升速率和后期抬升速率为46.3 m/Ma和25 m/Ma,六盘山地区则分别为22.5m/Ma和283.3 m/Ma。结论在鄂尔多斯盆地西部,最早的抬升时期为晚侏罗世,晚三叠世并没有抬升事件,故西部前陆盆地的形态始显现于晚侏罗世。西部的差异抬升导致了不同地区前陆盆地构造发展的不平衡。     

Paragenesia of Quaternary pediments and river terraces on the north piedmont of Wutai Mountains

A study has been made of the paragenetic relations of the pediments and river terraces on the northern piedmont of Wutai Mountains via geomorphologic mapping of 1:10000 scale, and an analysis on the role of tectonic, climatic, and drainage factors in the parageneses. The Quaternary pediments and river terraces on the north piedmont of Wutai Mountains united to constitute six steps of geomorphic surfaces. The episodic uplifting of fault blocks was the dominant factor in the formation of the unified surfaces, however climatic change and drainage diversities led to undulation of the surfaces. The second terrace of Yangyan River (T2) was formed in the last glacial maximum, when the river was in aggradational state. The third to fifth terraces were formed in interglacial stages, when the river was in equilibrium or degradational state. It is inferred that climate had no insignificant effect on the river incision caused by tectonic uplifting. In light of terraces dating, since the Quaternary the Wutai fault-block mountains experienced six rapid uplifting events, and the starting time of the last four events was respectively 1.2, 0.6, 0.13, and 0.02 Ma B.P.     

Discovery and character of the Kunlun-Yellow River Movement

Based on geomorphological, tectonic and sedimentary data, a Kunlun Yellow River Tectonic Movement has been recognized in 1 10-0 60 Ma B.P. This tectonic movement, which leads to uplift of the Qinghai_Xizang (Tibet) Plateau from 1 500 to 3 000-3 500 m, is periodic, abrupt and changeable in the movement rate of uplifting and slide slipping.