路口车辆冲突与碰撞的安全边界条件模型

为降低路口区域交通事故率,研究路口车辆冲突与碰撞的安全边界条件模型.采用路口碰撞场景中的车辆碰撞剩余时间(TTC)和预估通行侵入区域时间差(EPET)2个动态特性参数,基于危险等级评价指标和逻辑回归方法,构建路口安全边界条件模型,基于中国实地运行试验数据库(China-FOT)和中国交通事故深入研究数据库(CIDAS)的相关数据确定了2种路口场景的安全边界条件.利用PreScan、CarSim和Simulink进行仿真实验,对所建立模型进行验证,结果表明,模型确定的安全边界条件对2种路口场景的交通事故率分别降低了94%和86%,表明本文模型是有效的.     

基于人工势能场的跟驰模型

为提升跟驰模型的模拟精度,更加有效地刻画跟驰行为特性,从车辆的实际运行规律出发,将行驶过程中的各种行为归纳为效率与安全2种因素的相互作用.借鉴人工势能场的基本思想,将这2种因素抽象为驾驶员受到的驱动力和阻碍力,进而建立相应的跟驰模型.根据普遍的驾驶行为特性,将车辆运行状态分为减速停车、起动加速和常态行驶3类,并据此对实...     

基于新型人工势场法的车辆避障路径规划研究方法

针对道路交通环境车辆避障的复杂性,对传统人工势场法进行了改进,将其应用于车辆的避障路径规划;该方法建立了道路边界危险斥力势场模型和障碍物斥力势场模型,并在传统障碍物斥力势场中引入速度因素,车辆在以上两种势场组成的复合场中受到道路边界斥力、障碍物斥力的作用。当达到受力平衡时,通过求解方程可以得到一条安全避障路径;并在避障过程中对车辆实施速度控制。仿真分析结果表明改进后的方法规划出的路径在避障过程中,车辆与障碍物的距离增加至少20 cm,可有效地提高避障的安全性;避障过程中对主车车速进行控制,可使主车的横摆角速度和侧向加速度降低至少20%,有效地提高车辆运行的舒适性和安全性。     

基于改进势能场模型的地铁车站应急疏散动态仿真

通过车站环境构成及其对乘客疏散行为作用的分析,提出以设施或设备为目标点的吸引势能场和以事件或障碍物为核心的排斥势能场计算模型,并设计基于最短距离的势能场迭代生成算法。在此基础上,提出势能场模型和改进社会力模型的融合方法,建立突发事件下地铁车站应急疏散动态仿真模型。最后,利用Unity平台和C#编程开发技术对上述模型进行了初步实验验证与效果分析。     

基于有限状态机的智能车辆交叉口行为预测与控制

提出一种智能车辆交叉口行为预测与控制方法. 建立交叉口车辆行为预测的有限状态机(FSM)模型,对交叉口其他车辆的行为进行预测. 构建应用于智能车辆的混合状态系统,引入有限状态机模型,结合智能车辆交叉口安全条件运行规则,实现智能车辆离散状态分析及车辆控制. 运用PreScan和Simulink/Stateflow实现交叉口联合仿真. 结果表明,该方法可以使智能车辆安全地通过有其他车辆通行的交叉路口.      

无信号交叉口的交通自组织行为建模分析

无信号灯的平面交叉路口在城市辅路或社区道路交通中比较常见.两条道的车辆在经过交叉路口时依靠驾驶员的自组织行为安全通过路口时,驾驶员的博弈心理在其中起着重要作用.利用元胞自动机模型,在交叉口引入博弈规则,通过模型仿真研究驾驶员的博弈心理对系统的车流量、平均速度、相变性质等的影响,与有信号控制的系统进行对比,结果表明在高密度情形下,博弈规则下的自组织行为的通行效率优于有信号控制的系统.     

质心侧偏角相图在车辆ESC系统稳定性控制的应用

通过车辆七自由度模型和Uni-tire轮胎模型,对车辆质心侧偏角相图稳定区域边界进行研究,得到边界随车速及路面摩擦因数变化的关系. 建立了基于质心侧偏角相图稳定区域的车辆电子稳定性控制系统控制方法. 通过与基于理想横摆角速度的控制方法进行比较,文中确定的质心侧偏角稳定区域边界能够对车辆稳定性控制效果进行评价,也能够对车辆轨迹进行跟随.      

基于场论的空间客运联系特性与建模分析

为研究空间客运分布与交流的内在特性和运行机理,运用场论理论对空间客运联系进行了建模分析.提出了客流场的概念,并对客流场的场强、场势等特征量进行分析,探讨了单源和多源客流场的空间作用特性,对客流场的空间联系和空间位势进行建模和应用,并通过对比分析验证了所建模型的有效性.研究表明,可以通过客流场场强和势能来度量客流生成源对周围产生作用的潜力,客流场空间联系和空间位势模型可以较好地反映区域客运需求的联系特征和潜力特征,尤其是对城市连绵区域的空间客运联系分析具有较好的效果.     

基于Carsim和Simulink的超车换道仿真分析

超车是换道的主要动机,分析超车过程中驾驶员的操作特性以及车辆运动状态,能够为驾驶员模型的精确控制提供参考。在分析各种可能换道的基础上,构建动态超车换道可行域。以7次多项式规划换道边界轨迹,依据期望跟车距离确定可行域的上边界,根据安全碰撞条件确定可行域的下边界;并依据两车的运动关系确定超车换道条件。预设超车换道轨迹,在Simulink中构建驾驶员模型;并将Carsim中车辆模型导入,进行了超车换道模型仿真分析。对超车过程中车辆参数进行对比分析。结果表明:超车过程中驾驶员一般会提高车速,但加速强度不大;且低速时换道的随意性大,但与设定轨迹偏离程度较小。     

无交通信号路口行人过街的人车交互过程研究

自动驾驶汽车要进入人车混行的无交通信号路口,需确保与行人之间的交互安全,为解决这一问题,现以非自动驾驶汽车为研究对象,探索其与行人在无交通信号路口的交互过程。本文选取北京市内两处无交通信号灯的路口作为研究场景进行长期拍摄,基于视频数据从中提取行人的个体属性变量、行人的穿越行为变量、车辆的穿越行为变量以及间隙数据,将行人的过街行为分为穿越前、中两个阶段进行研究。结果表明,穿越阶段对行人的穿越时间具有显著性影响,穿越路口对行人的穿越时间不具有显著性影响。对于穿越前的等待时间,在有右转车道下对其具有影响的因素有行人的拒绝车辆个数和来自方向,在无右转车道下对其具有影响的因素有行人的拒绝车辆个数和起始位置。对于穿越中的穿越时间,在有无右转车道下对其具有影响的因素均为穿越人数和车辆1的行为。今后自动驾驶汽车行驶到无交通信号路口时,可以通过此结果去识别行人,并判断出行人的穿越时间,以便及时做出相应的措施。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that