41份有芒小麦HMW-GS组成分析

采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯凝胶电泳法,分析了41份有芒小麦的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成.结果表明,在供试材料中共检测到16种Glu-1位点的等位变异,其中Glu-A1位点上有3种亚基变异类型,分别为Null,1,2*,优质亚基为1,2*,Null出现频率为70.73%,2*占17.07%,1占12.20%;Glu-B1位点有6种等位变异,存在的优质亚基为7+8/14+15/17+18,7+8亚基出现的频率最高,为56.10%,其它亚基类型频率依次为:17+18(17.07%)、7+9(14.63%)、13+16(7.32%)、8和14+15(2.44%);Glu-D1位点有7种类型,仅有一个优质亚基为5+10,2+12亚基出现的频率最高,为65.85%,5+10占21.95%,其次2、10、Dy10w、2+Dy10w、Dy10w+12均为2.44%;这16种变异共形成了17种亚基组合类型,其中Null/7+8/2+12组合类型出现的频率最高,占43.90%,其次为2*/7+9/5+10和N/17+18/2+12分别占9.76%,7.32%,剩余亚基组合类型频率均小于5%.该项研究结果揭示的部分有芒小麦的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基及其组合类型对小麦品质遗传改良育种具有潜在的利用价值.     

超大穗小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析

采用十二烷基硫酸钠—聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(SDS-PAGE)分析了超大穗小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成及其F1代的遗传多样性。结果表明,9份超大穗小麦中共检测到7种类型的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基,在Glu-A1位点,出现了两种亚基,null和1亚基,Glu-D1位点只有2 12一种亚基,而Glu-B1位点上亚基类型最丰富,有4种类型,尤其出现了两种新型的复合亚基组合形式7 9 8和7 9 14 15。遗传分析表明,在超大穗小麦与普通小麦杂交后代F1中,双亲的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基呈显性遗传,且显母性遗传倾向。     

野生二粒小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基等位变异分析

本研究采用十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）方法,对从国内外引进的175份野生二粒小麦（Triticum dicoccoides）种质资源高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）Glu1-等位基因组成进行了鉴定和分析.结果表明,175份野生二粒小麦中,Glu-1B位点上的HMW-GS有32种变异类型,比普通面包小麦Glu-1B位点编码的HMW-GS的变异类型丰富得多,其中7＋8和14.1＋15.1亚基分布频率最高（占20.00%）;Glu-1A位点编码的HMW-GS有4种变异类型：1、1^＊、2^＊和Null,一共鉴定了10个新的高分子量亚基.这些新的亚基和等位基因有可能成为面包小麦品质改良的候选基因资源.     

四川小麦品种(系)Glu-B和Glu-D位点亚基组成的质谱分析

利用基质辅助激光解析飞行时间质谱技术(MALDI-TOF)分析了102个小麦材料Glu-B1、Glu-D1位点的高分子量谷蛋白亚基构成,结果表明:四川新育成小麦品种(系)中Glu-B1位点劣质亚基7＋9和20的出现频率较高,优质亚基7＋8、17＋18的频率仍然较低.Glu-D1位点优质亚基5＋10与劣质亚基2+12的频率相差不大.在Glu1的2个位点同时具有优质基的材料占1176％.高灵敏、高通量MALDI-TOF技术可用于小麦品质育种过程中优质亚基的快速、准确鉴定.     

151份小麦品种（系）中主要品质基因的分子检测

明确江苏瑞华农业科技有限公司151份小麦品种（系）中品质基因的分布情况,利用分子标记技术对小麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性和1B/1R异位系进行检测。结果表明：高分子量谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）基因频率Ax2为1.32%,Dx5为17.22%,By8为70.20%,Bx7为89.40%,Ax2+Dx5、Ax2+By8和Ax2+Bx7均为0.66%,Dx5+By8为7.28%,Dx5+Bx7为14.57%,By8+Bx7为62.25%;多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性相关基因频率Ppo-A1b为45.70%,Ppo-D1a为25.83%,双低PPO活性等位基因Ppo-A1b+Ppo-D1a为优异等位基因,频率为8.60%;1B/1R异位系的分布频率为86.75%;同时携带低PPO活性等位变异组合,且为非1B/1R异位系的材料只有2份,频率为1.32%;同时携带谷蛋白亚基Bx7和低PPO活性等位变异组合,且为非1B/1R异位系的材料只有1份,可作为小麦育种材料。     

新疆主栽小麦品种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析

采用SDS-PAGE技术,分析了38份新疆主栽小麦品种（系）的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成．结果表明,38份材料在Glu-1位点共检测到14种等位基因变异类型,其中Glu—A1位点有“1、2＊、Null”3种变异类型,Glu-B1位点有“7、7＋8、7＋9、6＋8、13＋16、17＋18、14＋15”7种,Glin-D1位点有“2＋12、5＋10、5＋12、2＋10”4种．“Null、7＋8、2＋12”是主要亚基,它们的频率分别是55．3％、57．9％和65．8％．亚基组合类型有17种,其中Null、7＋8、2＋12亚基组合占39．5％;1、7＋8、2＋12亚基组合为10．5％,其余亚基组合的频率都在10％以下,不同材料的品质评分在3～10之间,平均评分为6．3．     

不同来源小麦品种(系)高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基分析

用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS—PAGE）对青海省不同来源114个小麦品种（系）品质得分、高分予量麦谷蛋白亚基构成、等位基因不同亚基变异及出现频率进行了分析。结果表明：小麦品种（系）间高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成存在一定差异,国外引进品种和当地培育品系亚基组成多于其他品种,而当地培育品系的分布最均匀;在A1位点上N亚基出现的频率最高,在D1位点上2＋12亚基出现的频率最高;共有25种亚基组合,国外引进的小麦品种和当地培育的小麦品系亚基组合类型明显多于其他品种,（N,7＋8,2＋12）组合的出现频率最高;品质平均得分当地培育品系最高（6．40）。     

青海省育成小麦品种Ppo基因的分子检测

为全面了解青海省历年育成小麦品种籽粒中多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol Oxidase,PPO)活性的高低,本研究以82份青海省育成小麦品种为研究对象,利用PPO18,PPO16和PPO29这三个功能标记检测Ppo基因在Ppo-A1和Ppo-D1位点的等位变异和基因组成。结果表明:在Ppo-A1位点,有44份小麦含Ppo-A1a(高PPO活性)型等位基因,38份小麦含Ppo-A1b(低PPO活性)型等位基因。在Ppo-D1位点,42.7%的小麦含Ppo-D1a(低PPO活性)型等位基因,57.3%的小麦含Ppo-D1b(高PPO活性)型等位基因。在Ppo-A1和Ppo-D1 2个位点共检测到4种类型的组合:Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1a,Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b(双高PPO活性),Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1b,Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1a(双低PPO活性),分布频率分别为24.4%,29.3%,28.0%和18.3%。两个基因组合类型中分布频率最低的是Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1a(双低PPO活性),分布频率最高的是Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b(双高PPO活性)。     

新疆春小麦育成推广品种及骨干亲本的高分子量谷蛋白亚基的组成分析

利用SDS—PAGE技术对新疆育成与推广的11个品种和卯年代引进的44个亲本的高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成进行了比较系统的分析。结果表明，引进亲本在G1u—Al位点有2种等位变异类型0和1；Glu—Bl位点有6个等位变异类型：7 8、7 9、13 16、17 18、6 8、7，但主要以7 8为主；G1u—D1位点有2个等位变异类型：2 12、5 10，以5 10为主要类型。在大面积推广品种中，新春5号和新春9号为5 10亚基携带者；新春3号品种携带17 18亚基。上述结果基本反映了20世纪90年代新疆春小麦育成与推广品种和20世纪90年代引进亲本品种的谷蛋白亚基组成的变化情况。     

山羊草四个组高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析

利用SDS-PAGE技术对山羊草属18个种的46份材料进行高分子谷蛋白亚基电泳分析．18个种各电泳出2～5条带，共有24种不同的电泳条带，26种不同的麦谷蛋白亚基类型，每个种有1～3种类型．山羊草与小麦的麦谷蛋白亚基存在着较大的差异，山羊草属中各种间在高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成与其亚基的电泳迁移率方面也存在广泛差异．     

Identification of a novel HMW glutenin subunit and comparison of its amino acid sequence with those of homologous subunits

Aegilops tauschii is the donor of the D genome of common wheat (Triticum aestivum). Genetic variation of HMW glutenin subunits encoded by the Glu-1Dt locus of Ae. tauschii has been found to be higher than that specified by the Glu-1D locus in common wheat. In the present note, we report the identification of a novel HMW glutenin subunit, Dy13t, from Ae. tauschii. The newly identified subunit possessed an electrophoretic mobility that was faster than that of the Dy12 subunit of common wheat. The complete ORF of encoding the Dy13t subunit contained 624 codons (excluding the stop codons). The amino acid sequence deduced from the Dy13t gene ORF was the shortest among those of the previously reported subunits derived by the D genome. A further comparison of Dy13t amino acid sequence with those of the subunits characterized from the A, B, D, R genomes of Triticeae showed that the smaller size of the Dy13t subunit was associated with a reduction in the size of its repetitive domain.     

小麦与高冰草体细胞杂种F5代麦谷蛋白及SDS沉降值分析

通过对普通小麦与高冰草体细胞杂种F5代 175个株系的麦谷蛋白及SDS沉降值分析 ,发现杂种F5代有 10种不同的麦谷蛋白组成 ,并出现了 1Ax1,1Ax2 ,1Bx13,1By16 ,1By8,1Dx5等 6种不存在于亲本小麦中的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基及 1Bx13 1By16 ,1Bx7 1By8,1Dx5 1Dy12等 3种新亚基组合 ,部分杂种中出现了高冰草的麦谷蛋白特征谱带 ;杂种株系的SDS沉降值表现出较大的差异 ,其中一些杂种的SDS沉降值明显高于亲本普通小麦 .结果表明 ,通过体细胞杂交有可能将野生禾草的优良性状引入普通小麦 ,创造出多种不同组成及组合的新种质 ,为小麦品质育种开辟新途径     

维药多伞阿魏的化学成分研究

为明确维药多伞阿魏(Ferula ferulaeoides)的主要化学成分及其抗肿瘤活性,采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20 凝胶柱色谱及半制备高效液相色谱法等技术进行分离纯化,运用NMR和HRMS等波谱学方法鉴定各化合物的结构,采用计算电子圆二色谱法（ECD）判定新化合物的绝对构型. 同时运用MTT法对分离得到的单体化合物在人源乳腺癌（MCF-7）细胞系上进行细胞毒活性测试. 结果从多伞阿魏的乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为1- (2- hydroxyl- 4- methoxybenzoyl)- 2S*- hydroxy- 5,9,13- trimethyl- 4(E),8(E),12- tetradecatrien- 1- one ( 1 ),愈创木醇 ( 2 ),1- (2,4- dihydroxyphenyl)- 3,7,11- trimethyl- 3- vinyl- 6(E),10- dodecadiene- 1- one ( 3 ),dshamirone ( 4 ),2,3- dihydro-7- hydroxy- 2S*,3R*- dimethyl- 2- [4,8-dimethyl- 3(E),7- nonadienyl]- furo[3,2-c]coumarin ( 5 ),3- (2-hydroxyl-4-methoxybenzoyl)- 4S*,5R*- dimethyl- 5- [4,8- dimethyl- 3(E),7(E)- nonadien- 1- yl]tetrahydro- 2- furanone ( 6 ),fukanedone A ( 7 ),2,3- dihydro- 7- methoxy- 2S*,3R*- dimethyl- 2- [4- methyl- 5- (4-methyl-2-furyl)- 3(E)- pentenyl]- furo[3,2-c]coumarin ( 8 ),伞形花素 ( 9 ),2,3- dihydro- 7- methoxy- 2S*,3S*- dimethyl- 3- [4,8- dimethyl- 3(E),7- nonadienyl]- furo[3,2-c]coumarin ( 10 ),2,3- dihydro- 7- methoxy- 2S*,3R*- dimethyl- 3- [4,8-dimethyl-3(E),7-nonadienyl]- furo[3,2-c]coumarin ( 11 ),2,3- dihydro- 7- hydroxy- 2S*,3R*- dimethyl- 3- [4,8- dimethyl- 3(E),7- nonadienyl]- furo[3,2-c]coumarin ( 12 ),2,3- dihydro- 7- methoxy- 2S*,3R*- dimethyl- 2- [4,8- dimethyl- 3(E),7- nonadienyl]- furo[3,2-c]coumarin ( 13 ),2,3- dihydro- 7- methoxy- 2R*,3R*- dimethyl- 2- [4,8- dimethyl- 3(E),7- nonadienyl]- furo[3,2-c]coumarin ( 14 ),ferulaeone C ( 15 ). 其中,化合物 1 为新杂萜类化合物,化合物 9 是从该植物中首次分离得到. 化合物 3 、 4 、 5 和 15 表现出潜在的抗肿瘤活性,半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）分别为15.11,12.98,18.01和12.87 μmol/L.      

Functional characterization of a heteromeric NMDA receptor channel expressed from cloned cDNAs.

The glutamate receptor (GluR) channel plays a key part in brain function. Among GluR channel subtypes, the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor channel which is highly permeable to Ca2+ is essential for the synaptic plasticity underlying memory, learning and development. Furthermore, abnormal activation of the NMDA receptor channel may trigger the neuronal cell death observed in various brain disorders. A complementary DNA encoding a subunit of the rodent NMDA receptor channel (NMDAR1 or zeta 1) has been cloned and its functional properties investigated. Here we report the identification and primary structure of a novel mouse NMDA receptor channel subunit, designated as epsilon 1, after cloning and sequencing the cDNA. The epsilon 1 subunit shows 11-18% amino-acid sequence identity with rodent GluR channel subunits that have been characterized so far and has structural features common to neurotransmitter-gated ion channels. Expression from cloned cDNAs of the epsilon 1 subunit together with the zeta 1 subunit in Xenopus oocytes yields functional GluR channels with high activity and characteristics of the NMDA receptor channel. Furthermore, the heteromeric NMDA receptor channel can be activated by glycine alone.     

Importance of a novel GABAA receptor subunit for benzodiazepine pharmacology

Neurotransmission effected by GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is predominantly mediated by a gated chloride channel intrinsic to the GABAA receptor. This heterooligomeric receptor exists in most inhibitory synapses in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) and can be regulated by clinically important compounds such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates. The primary structures of GABAA receptor alpha- and beta-subunits have been deduced from cloned complementary DNAs. Co-expression of these subunits in heterologous systems generates receptors which display much of the pharmacology of their neural counterparts, including potentiation by barbiturates. Conspicuously, however, they lack binding sites for, and consistent electrophysiological responses to, benzodiazepines. We now report the isolation of a cloned cDNA encoding a new GABAA receptor subunit, termed gamma 2, which shares approximately 40% sequence identity with alpha- and beta-subunits and whose messenger RNA is prominently localized in neuronal subpopulations throughout the CNS. Importantly, coexpression of the gamma 2 subunit with alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits produces GABAA receptors displaying high-affinity binding for central benzodiazepine receptor ligands.     

直接免疫荧光法分析白血病及骨髓增生异常综合征患者免疫表型

目的 :检测急性白血病 (AL)及骨髓增生异常综合征 (MDS)免疫表型及其临床意义。方法 :用流式细胞仪CD4 5设门直接免疫三标记法 ,检测 4 9例AL及MDS患者免疫表型。结果 :ALL双克隆型 9例 ,其中髓系伴T -ALL 3例 ,髓系伴B -ALL 4例 ,1例为髓系伴T、B标记 (CD13 +CD7+CD19+ ) ,1例同时CD7+CD19+ ;ALL同时表达CD3 4 及HLA -DR最高 (6 0 .0 1%) ,明显高于AML、MDS(P <0 .0 0 5 )。AML双克隆型 2 0例 ,7例为髓系伴CD7+ ,2例髓系伴CD19+ ,11例为同时表达CD3 4 +HLA -DR +。MDS患者骨髓细胞表达髓系成熟抗原CD13 +及CD3 3 +增高 ,未发现淋系抗原的表达。MDS -RAEB、RAEBT及转为白血病病例均高表达CD3 4 及HLA -DR抗原。结论 :用三标记法简便易行 ,提高诊断准确性 ;单抗组合应兼顾髓、淋系同时表达 ;应加胞浆抗原检测。     

NMDA receptors are expressed in developing oligodendrocyte processes and mediate injury

Injury to oligodendrocyte processes, the structures responsible for myelination, is implicated in many forms of brain disorder. Here we show NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor subunit expression on oligodendrocyte processes, and the presence of NMDA receptor subunit messenger RNA in isolated white matter. NR1, NR2A, NR2B, NR2C, NR2D and NR3A subunits showed clustered expression in cell processes, but NR3B was absent. During modelled ischaemia, NMDA receptor activation resulted in rapid Ca2+-dependent detachment and disintegration of oligodendroglial processes in the white matter of mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) specifically in oligodendrocytes (CNP-GFP mice). This effect occurred at mouse ages corresponding to both the initiation and the conclusion of myelination. NR1 subunits were found mainly in oligodendrocyte processes, whereas AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid)/kainate receptor subunits were mainly found in the somata. Consistent with this observation, injury to the somata was prevented by blocking AMPA/kainate receptors, and preventing injury to oligodendroglial processes required the blocking of NMDA receptors. The presence of NMDA receptors in oligodendrocyte processes explains why previous studies that have focused on the somata have not detected a role for NMDA receptors in oligodendrocyte injury. These NMDA receptors bestow a high sensitivity to acute injury and represent an important new target for drug development in a variety of brain disorders.     

Induction of calcium currents by the expression of the alpha 1-subunit of the dihydropyridine receptor from skeletal muscle

The dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor purified from skeletal muscle comprises five protein subunits (alpha 1, alpha 2, beta, gamma and delta) and produces Ca2+ currents that are blocked by DHPs. Cloning of the alpha 1- and alpha 2-subunits, the former affinity-labelled by DHP, has shown that the alpha 1-subunit is expressed in skeletal muscle alone, whereas the alpha 2- and delta- subunits are also expressed in other tissues. Although the transient expression of the alpha 1-subunit in myoblasts from dysgenic mice (but not in oocytes) has been demonstrated, the use of these expression systems to determine the function of the alpha 1- subunit is complicated by the presence of endogenous Ca2+ currents, which may reflect the constitutive expression of proteins similar to the alpha 2-, beta-, gamma- and/or delta-subunits. We therefore selected a cell line which has no Ca2+ currents or alpha 2- subunit, and probably no delta-subunit for stable transformation with complementary DNA of the alpha 1- subunit. The transformed cells express DHP-sensitive, voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, indicating that the minimum structure of these channels is at most an alpha 1 beta gamma complex and possibly an alpha 1- subunit alone.