堆石坝混凝土面板施工期裂缝成因及预防方法

针对堆石坝混凝土面板施工期普遍存在开裂的问题，在前人以温度应力为主要研究对象的基础上，考虑了干缩应力，编制了温湿耦合程序并进行验证.从混凝土面板长度，面板两侧横缝约束强度，环境相对湿度和保温保湿措施方面对某堆石坝混凝土面板进行了温度应力、干缩应力以及温湿耦合应力仿真计算，并对计算结果的温度、湿度、应力进行了综合的对比与分析.结果表明，当环境相对湿度为0.3,温湿耦合应力最大值是温度应力最大值的近2.46倍.当环境相对湿度为0.6,相对湿度下降相同的幅度5%,第60天拆模拉应力涨幅为第5天拆模拉应力涨幅的近2.28倍.此外，横缝约束作用将导致面板最大拉应力最大涨幅约为75%.解释了该堆石坝混凝土面板施工期裂缝成因，得出了“半定量”的关系，并提出相关的预防方法，可为类似工程提供参考.     

浅谈混凝土温度裂缝的控制

在混凝土浇筑工程中,由于混凝土受到自约束拉应力和外约束拉应力的影响将产生裂缝。因此需要在施工过程中采取有效的控温措施,以保证混凝土的质量。本文作者通过对混凝土温度监测及温度裂缝控制过程及防止裂缝的措施进行了阐述。     

表面保温对施工期闸墩混凝土温度和应力的影响

对于严寒季节施工的混凝土工程,常采用各种表面保温措施以防止裂缝的产生.针对水闸这一典型的水利工程结构,分析水闸施工期闸墩混凝土温度和应力变化规律与开裂机理,阐述了不同表面保温措施对闸墩混凝土温度和应力的影响.研究结果表明,较强的表面保温可以大大减小闸墩混凝土早期内外温差和表面拉应力,防止产生表面裂缝,但同时使得后期闸墩内部拉应力增大,产生贯穿性裂缝的可能性增加.对于不同的工程,应通过数值仿真计算选择适合本工程的表面保温措施,以减小混凝土开裂的可能性.     

大体积混凝土裂缝控制的应力计算与分析

阐述大体积混凝土基础可能出现裂缝的机理及其影响因素 .对温度应力进行了计算、分析 .模拟结构混凝土实测温度下强度抗拉试验 ,从而论证其质量的可靠性     

大体积混凝土裂缝控制的应力计算与分析

阐述大体积混凝土基础可能出现裂缝的机理及其影响因素.对温度应力进行了计算、分析.模拟结构混凝土实测温度下强度抗拉试验,从而论证其质量的可靠性.     

参数变化对沥青加铺层结构应力的影响分析

交通荷载及温度变化是引起旧水泥混凝土路面沥青加铺层反射裂缝的两大因素.交通荷载主要引起加铺层剪切型反射裂缝,温度变化主要引起加铺层张开型反射裂缝.采用三维有限元方法分析了轴载、温度变化幅度及加铺层模量、厚度等参数变化对旧水泥混凝土路面沥青加铺层的荷载应力、温度应力及耦合应力的影响程度,为沥青加铺层的设计方法提供了依据.     

浅谈混凝土温度裂缝的防治

混凝土是多种材料组成的非匀质材料,其抗拉强度远小于抗压强度,当拉应力超过混凝土的抗拉强度,就产生了裂缝.结构混凝土的裂缝,有表面裂缝和贯穿裂缝两种,这两种裂缝都有一定的危害性.而贯穿裂缝会影响结构的整体性、耐久性和正常使用,甚至结构安全.由于混凝土水化所释放的水化热会产生较大的温度变化和收缩作用,因此温度应力是导致混凝土产生裂缝的主要原因.     

后浇带对施工期闸墩混凝土温度和应力的影响

针对闸墩施工期容易开裂的问题,阐明了闸墩的开裂原因.借助混凝土温度和应力有限元计算方法,分析了后浇带的防裂机理和效果.指出后浇带对减小混凝土内部最高温度、内外温差以及早期表面拉应力作用不大,对减小闸墩后期的内部拉应力有明显作用.研究表明,后浇带可以有效防止闸墩后期"由里及表型"裂缝的产生.     

三峡永久船闸输水洞施工期钢筋应力现场试验研究

三峡水利枢纽永久船闸输水隧洞早期施工的衬砌混凝土,有不少结构段在二分之一长度附近发生了裂缝,而且大多是贯穿性的,严重影响了工程质量和寿命.为此,在三峡水利枢纽永久船闸输水隧洞北一延长段NY9和NY10结构段,进行了浇筑温控混凝土和常规混凝土的衬砌温度与钢筋应力现场试验研究,分析了衬砌中钢筋在施工期的受力情况及其变化发展规律,对钢筋应力与混凝土温度变化的关系进行了深入分析.输水隧洞衬砌混凝土试验结果表明,施工期钢筋的应力一般都不大,在自重应力形成后主要是随混凝土温度而变化.在水化热温升和温降阶段,钢筋一般都处于压应力状态,从而钢筋对于混凝土施工期因温降而产生的开裂不仅不能起到阻碍作用,反而有一定的不利影响.只能在冬季,才会承受一定的拉应力,即只能在裂缝达到相当的宽度后才有一定的限裂作用.为后期施工的输水隧洞衬砌混凝土采取合理的温控防裂措施和经济配筋提供了依据,取得了良好的效果和经济效益.     

超长框架结构温度荷载下非线性分析

针对目前超长框架结构温度应力分析多集中于混凝土的线弹性阶段的情况,借助于通用有限元软件Ansys,采用混凝土“分布式”裂缝模型,对一个典型的超长框架结构在承受渐变温度荷载下的柱顶位移及应力变化情况进行了数值模拟。分析表明：温度应力是引起混凝土板开裂的重要因素并且具有明显的非线性;混凝土“分布式”裂缝模型在模拟较长框架结构的整体响应时,能够满足一般的计算精度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that