电石渣干法固硫性能的实验研究

用热分析仪做出的煤燃烧、电石渣热分解、煤和电石渣的混合式样反应和固硫反应的TG曲线和DTG曲线,并对曲线进行分析,在三种实验条件下,钙硫摩尔比为1.5时的固硫效果最好,添加催化剂Al2O3对固硫反应有促进作用。     

矿物质对SO2释放的影响及钙的固硫机理

为了开发高效燃烧脱硫技术，通过热质量／选出气体分析实验研究了煤中矿物质对煤燃烧中SO2释放的影响以及钙的固硫机理，研究结果表明：脱灰后SO2的释放曲线由原煤的双峰变成单峰；Ca的添加能够促进煤中硫在低温下释放，但不同形态钙的固硫效果不同；脱灰煤中添加CaSO4后SO2的释放曲线又恢复为双峰，CaSO4没有固硫效果；添加CaCO3和CaO后SO2的生成会有明显减少，且CaO的固硫效果要比CaCO3显著．基于这个实验结果，提出了程序升温燃烧条件下煤中的矿物质对SO2释放影响所遵循的吸附-解吸附机理，以及钙基固硫剂固硫所遵循的吸附-解吸附／氧化机理。     

稀土化合物对氧化钙固硫性能的影响

研究了氧化钙在煤燃烧过程中的固硫性能,讨论了燃煤的硫的质量分数、温度、钙硫比、稀土化合物对氧化钙固硫性能的影响·结果表明,随着煤中硫的质量分数的增加,氧化钙的有效利用率增加,钙硫比大于1∶1时固硫效果比较好,氧化钙的最佳固硫温度约900℃·随着煤粉和氧化钙的不断细化,氧化钙有效利用率也增加·在温度为900℃,钙硫比为1∶1时,最大固硫率约为70%,稀土化合物的添加,更有效地提高了氧化钙的利用率,可提高氧化钙的固硫率约10%,且使固硫温度提高约150℃·     

还原剂与脱硫剂对硫酸渣直接还原焙烧同步脱硫的影响

研究了还原剂云南煤和脱硫剂SH对硫酸渣在直接还原焙烧过程中提铁降硫效果的影响.采用X射线衍射与扫描电镜方法分析了云南煤与脱硫剂SH的作用机理.结果表明:在高温还原气氛下,硫酸渣中的黄铁矿生成具有挥发性的气态单质硫和气态羰基硫、金属铁和非磁性的陨硫铁;硫酸渣中的赤铁矿和磁铁矿则被还原为金属铁;云南煤对硫酸渣在焙烧过程中的脱硫效果比较明显,但无法达到要求的指标;添加脱硫剂SH可以进一步降低还原铁中的硫,其机理是脱硫剂与硫酸渣中的黄铁矿在直接还原焙烧过程中反应生成金属铁和没有磁性的硫化钙,通过磨矿--磁选的方法将硫化钙与金属铁分离,从而达到脱硫目标.     

民用型煤固硫的实验室研究

通过对北京西城区府佑街居民使用的蜂窝煤煤样进行实验室制样和燃烧分析、元素分析,得到不同钙硫比情况下的固硫率.分析发现,在无任何添加剂的作用下,原煤的自身固硫效率不到20%,当采用本实验配方时,固硫率普遍提高1.4倍左右,证明实验室固硫剂对实验使用的低硫煤有很好的燃烧固硫作用,即在硫的质量分数为1%左右及定温条件下,总固硫率达34%左右.     

煤在流化床燃烧过程中硫的释放

评述了煤的化学组成和操作工艺条件对煤在流化床燃烧过程中硫释放的影响.研究表明.有机硫与黄铁矿硫的燃烧行为存在着重大差异.煤灰中含有多种固硫活性组分.煤灰固硫的数学模型有待于发展.     

煤炭燃烧固硫剂

对热力煤粉锅炉的燃煤含硫情况进行了分析.根据燃煤的硫形态,开发出主要化学成分为CaCO3和MgCO3的固硫剂.为了解释固硫机理和进一步提高固硫率,使用热失重分析仪和逸出气体红外光谱在线分析仪,研究了温度和钙硫质量比以及添加剂对固硫效果的影响.研究结果表明:燃煤的硫形态主要是硫铁矿硫;固硫剂的合适钙硫质量比范围为2:1～3:1,当Al2O3作为添加剂时,硫的去除率可达70%～80%;固硫后的生成物为CaSO4和MgSO4;Al2O3作为添加剂具有较好的助固硫效果的原因是它与固硫剂反应生成了高温下更稳定的新物相3CaO·3Al2O3CaSO4;Cr2O3宜造成固体污染,不适合作为添加剂.     

钙基脱硫过程矿物质对结渣影响的实验研究

对六盘水无烟煤中添加石灰石的钙基脱硫试样的结渣特性、加热过程中矿物质特性进行了实验研究．通过对不同混合比的钙基脱硫灰样熔融特性温度的测定、利用X射线衍射分析对加热过程中钙基脱硫灰样的矿物质特性进行了分析．结果表明：六盘水无烟煤中添加石灰石,当钙硫质量分数之比为2时,钙基脱硫灰样结渣特性由中等变为严重;当钙硫质量分数之比为3时,钙基脱硫灰样结渣特性又变为中等．究其原因是由于高温下,钙硫质量分数之比为2时钙基脱硫灰样中产生较多钙长石和钙(铝)黄长石等熔点较低的矿物质,从而使结渣特性由中等变为严重;当钙硫质量分数之比为3时,钙基脱硫灰样中的部分矿物质分解生成难熔矿物质方钙石,使结渣特性又变为中等．     

不同条件下钙基固硫剂的固硫机理

为了探求煤燃烧过程中传统钙基固硫剂固硫率低下的原因,本实验选用有代表性的含硫为2．92％的国家标准煤样,在不同条件下系统的研究了钙基固硫剂的固硫特性和固硫产物CaSO4的分解率;并分析了其固硫机理．实验结果表明:传统钙基固硫剂固硫效率低下的原因为高温下CaO化学结构的变化和固硫产物CaSO4的分解。该研究对改进传统钙基固硫剂的固硫效果有一定的理论指导意义。     

干湿循环条件下碱渣-钢渣-电石渣固化疏浚淤泥的强度性质

为扩展固体废弃物的资源化利用途径,以碱渣和钢渣作为固化剂、电石渣作为激发剂,对高含水率疏浚淤泥固化处理,研究固化淤泥在干湿循环条件下的强度性质。正交试验表明,碱渣对固化淤泥强度的影响随养护龄期的增加而增强,固化污泥养护28 d时,碱渣对强度的影响显著,而钢渣和电石渣对强度的影响不显著。在干湿循环条件下,固化剂掺量较少的试样在第3次浸水时破坏;其他试样经5次干湿循环整体仍完整,1次干湿循环使固化淤泥的强度降低约1/2,后续干湿循环对强度的影响不大;增加固化剂掺量有助于提高固化淤泥的干湿循环耐久性。固化淤泥的水化产物主要有水钙沸石和钙钒石,钙钒石随养护龄期和固化剂掺量的增加而减少。与碱渣-矿渣-电石渣固化淤泥相比,碱渣-钢渣-电石渣固化淤泥中胶结力较强的水化产物偏少,而钙钒石具有膨胀性,使试样端部破损形成薄弱带,故后者的强度较低和干湿循环耐久性较差,但仍能满足对强度要求较低的一般填土工程的需要。     

含钛高炉渣脱硫的动力学研究

在实验室条件下对承钢含钛高炉渣进行了脱硫过程的动力学研究,确定其脱硫的相关动力学参数。结果发现：在温度一定时,铁水中脱硫量和时间的延长而降低。由于铁水的脱硫反应属于二级反应,硫在熔渣中的扩散成了脱硫过程的限制性环节,熔渣的脱硫能力与炉温成正比,并且在试验中的到硫在熔渣中的扩散活化能为 ED =127.04kJ/ mol。     

酸性条件下煤电化学脱硫实验研究

为了降低煤的脱硫成本,提高脱硫效率,以某矿高硫煤为实验样品,考察煤浆质量浓度、电解质浓度、电解时间、电流密度等因素对煤电化学脱硫效率的影响。通过单因素实验和正交实验,确定了煤在以HCl为电解质条件下电化学脱硫最佳条件。为了优化电化学脱硫工艺,探索使用有机添加剂,以最大限度提高脱硫率。结果表明:电化学脱硫最佳条件为电流密度0.044 A/cm~2,煤浆质量浓度0.02 kg/L,电解时间4 h,电解质浓度0.75 mol/L,在最佳脱硫条件下煤的全硫脱除率达到76.20%,灰分降低20.00%。     

利用电石渣和焦煤生产碳化钙用钙焦

A type of calcium coke was developed for use in the oxy-thermal process of calcium carbide production. The calcium coke was prepared by the co-pyrolysis of coking coal and calcium carbide slag, which is a solid waste generated from the chlor-alkali industry. The characteristics of the calcium cokes under different conditions were analyzed experimentally and theoretically. The results show that the thermal strength of calcium coke increased with the increase in the coking coal proportion, and the waterproof property of calcium coke also increased with increased carbonation time. The calcium coke can increase the contact area of calcium and carbon in the calcium carbide production process. Furthermore, the pore structure of the calcium coke can enhance the diffusion of gas inside the furnace, thus improving the efficiency of the oxy-thermal technology.     

Development of calcium coke for CaC_2 production using calcium carbide slag and coking coal

A type of calcium coke was developed for use in the oxy-thermal process of calcium carbide production.The calcium coke was prepared by the co-pyrolysis of coking coal and calcium carbide slag, which is a solid waste generated from the chlor-alkali industry.The characteristics of the calcium cokes under different conditions were analyzed experimentally and theoretically.The results show that the thermal strength of calcium coke increased with the increase in the coking coal proportion, and the waterproof property of calcium coke also increased with increased carbonation time.The calcium coke can increase the contact area of calcium and carbon in the calcium carbide production process.Furthermore, the pore structure of the calcium coke can enhance the diffusion of gas inside the furnace, thus improving the efficiency of the oxy-thermal technology.     

高温复合固硫剂固硫率影响因素的灰色关联分析

基于燃煤中高温复合固硫剂实验的固硫率数据,利用灰色系统理论,对影响固硫率的各个相关因子分别进行关联度分析,得出排序为:反应时间、钙硫比、添加剂用量、固硫剂粒度、炉温,为现场工业试验宏观调控和可行决策提供参考。     

针状纳米活性碳酸钙合成改性一体化的研究

以电石渣为原料制备纳米活性碳酸钙,不仅能够将电石渣进行循环利用,减少环境污染,同时生成的针状纳米活性碳酸钙,市场需求量大,经济价值高。本研究以电石渣和氯化铵为初始原料首先制备得到CaCl2,然后采用复分解法与（NH4）2CO3反应,选用合适的改性剂,将针状纳米活性碳酸钙合成和改性一体化完成进行。实验综合考察了溶液浓度、改性剂用量、反应温度、滴加速度等反应条件对碳酸钙形貌和粒径的影响,并设计正交实验进行优化,得出最佳反应条件：CaCl2和（NH4）2CO2溶液浓度0．15mol／L,反应温度65℃,改性剂用量1．25％,滴加速度3mL／min。通过验证实验,最终制得平均粒径55nm,长径比15．35,活化度98．86％,吸油值43．75g／100g的针状纳米活性碳酸钙。     

Hydrothermal synthesis of xonotlite from carbide slag

Carbide slag was used as the calcareous materials for the first time to prepare xonotlite via dynamic hydrothermal synthesis. The effects of influential factors including different calcination temperatures, pretreatment methods of the carbide slag and process parameters of hydrothermal synthesis on the microstructure and morphology of xonotlite were explored using XRD and SEM techniques. The results indicate that the carbide slag after proper calcination could be used to prepare pure xonotlite; and different calcination temperatures have little effect on the crystallinity of synthesized xonotlite, but have great impact on the morphology of secondary particles. The different pretreatment methods of the carbide slag pose great impact on the crystallinity and morphology of secondary particles of xonotlite. Xonotlite was also synthesized from pure CaO under the same experimental conditions as that prepared from calcined carbide slag for comparison. Little amount of impurities in carbide slag has no effect on the mechanism of hydrothermal synthesizing xonotlite from carbide slag.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

Preparation and visible-light photocatalytic property of nanostructured Fe-doped TiO2 from titanium containing electric furnace molten slag

Nanostructured Fe-doped titanium dioxide was synthesized from titanium containing electric furnace molten slag (TCEFMS) by using an alkali fusion, followed by a hydrolyzation-acidolysis-calcination route. The effects of alkali/slag mass ratio, calcinating temperature, calcinating time, and water/slag mass ratio on the extraction efficiency and purity of products were systematically studied in this paper. It is indicated that the best extraction efficiency of nanostructured Fedoped titanium dioxide is 99.35%, when the molten slag is calcinated at 700°C for 1 h with the mass ratio of alkali/molten slag of 1.5:1. The influence of alkali/slag mass ratio on the photocatalytic activity of final products was evaluated by the photodegradation of methyl blue under visible light irradiation. A maximum photodegradation efficiency of 88.12% over 30 min was achieved under the optimum conditions.     

改性脱硫灰掺加矿渣粉煤灰制备生态型胶凝材料

分析了钢铁企业产生的脱硫灰的特性,通过实验进行了改性脱硫灰掺加矿渣粉煤灰等固体废弃物制备生态型胶凝材料的研究。研究结果表明：钢铁企业烧结工序产生的脱硫灰经高温改性后在制备胶凝材料过程中起到了替代石膏的作用;实验最优配比（质量分数）为粉煤灰4％、改性灰159／6、熟料18％、矿渣61％,再适当地辅以掺加激发剂和减水剂,可获得性能良好的具有较高强度的胶凝材料。