蒙华铁路石膏矿采空区稳定性评价

研究目的:本文结合蒙华铁路石膏矿采空区工程地质勘察,通过对采空区工程地质勘察方法和稳定性评价方法的研究,探讨采空区稳定性及其对铁路工程的影响,为铁路建设的场地适宜性提供科学依据,为类似工程提供参考.研究结论:采空区工程地质勘察采用地质调绘、资料收集、调查访问、物探探测、机动钻探等相结合的综合勘探手段,查明线路沿线采空区的详细开采情况;并根据综合勘察成果,采用铁路工程保护矿柱的设计方法,确定安全边界范围,综合评价采空区的稳定性及其对铁路工程的影响.     

采空区地表建筑地基稳定性模糊综合评价方法

应用模糊数学理论提出了采空区地表建筑地基稳定性综合评价方法,分析了采空区地表新建建筑地基稳定性的诸多影响因素,确定了评价因子,给出了主要因素的隶属度确定方法,采用层次分析法构造了评价目标的判断矩阵,合理地分配了各因素的权重,建立了模糊综合评价模型,给出了综合评价指数与采空区地基稳定性级别的对应关系. 应用三个实例对该方法进行了验证.     

采空区建筑物地基稳定性影响因素分析

针对处于相对平衡状态的废弃采空区上覆围岩重新"活化",使裂隙带岩体再压密、地下残留空隙再冒落,导致地表产生二次移动和变形的问题,通过对采空区建筑物地基稳定性综合评价,得出主要考虑煤层的客观因素和外界扰动因素两方面是导致地表产生二次移动和变形的主要原因。从客观因素中煤层赋存条件中的煤层埋深、煤层厚度、煤层倾角、松散层厚度入手,采用FLAC3D软件对煤层埋深、煤层厚度、煤层倾角、松散层厚度等因素对采空区建筑物稳定性进行分析,结果表明:随着开采深度的增加,地表及地表附近岩层的移动变形受开采的影响减弱,开采深度的增加对建筑物地基的稳定有利;随着开采厚度的增加,开采对上覆岩层的破坏程度明显增大,移动过程表现得也越剧烈,地表移动变形值也越大,开采厚度的加大对废弃采空区建筑物地基的稳定不利;煤层倾角的增大增加了地表移动的时间,增大了地表的不稳定性;松散层在覆岩中所占的比例越大,地表的移动范围就相对越大,增大了地表的不稳定性。     

一种多层采空区群稳定性的综合评价法

为准确评价多层采空区群的稳定性,考虑到数值模拟的局限性且采空区稳定性影响因素较多,提出数值模拟分析(整体分析)与多级模糊评判(单个分析)相结合的综合评价方法。以实际工程为例,建立矿体及采空区群三维整体数值模型,并利用FLAC3D软件研究其应力分布和塑性区(结构塑性强度破坏方面)以及采空区顶板中点位移监控(变形控制方面)。采用多级模糊评判对单个采空区的稳定性进行评价,对比分析这2种方法的异同,以便得出更准确的稳定性分类。研究结果表明:1号、2号和11号空区,处于不稳定状态,13号等9个空区处于较不稳定空区;采用该综合评价法所得的评判结果能更好地反映复杂多层采空区群的稳定程度,精度较高,为矿山复杂多层采空区群稳定性评价提供了一种新的可行的思路和方法。     

煤柱群稳定性综合指数法与模糊评价法综合分析

为了研究小条带开采采空区内遗留大量煤柱群的稳定性,分析采空区上部煤层正常开采的可行性。根据煤柱群稳定性受多种因素综合影响的特点,在建立定量与定性评价指标体系的基础上,提出综合指数法与模糊评价法综合分析的方法。充分利用专家经验和知识的同时兼顾所评价对象的实际测量数据信息,提高评价结果的准确性与科学性。对虎龙沟矿8#煤层采空区煤柱群稳定性评价结果表明,该矿小条带煤柱群属于稳定性较好等级,可以进行采空区上部5#煤层的正常开采。     

煤矿采空区建筑地基稳定性评价

淮北市拟在煤矿采空区上兴建居住区,由于受煤层开采的影响,拟建地区地表均产生过大面积沉降,形成大范围塌陷区。在采空区上修筑建筑物的关键问题是对采空区建筑地基的稳定性评价问题。为保证该建设项目的质量和安全,需要分析采空区的稳定性及对该场地进行采空区地基稳定性评价,进而确定新建建筑物的可行性,为拟建工程提供科学的设计依据。     

基于突变理论的采空区风险评价模型研究

首次将系统新三论之一的突变原理应用于采空区稳定性评价的研究中,介绍了突变评判法的基本原理和使用步骤.对岩石力学、空区几何参数和空间分布参数设置等基本要素进行分类,构建了影响采空区稳定因素的指标体系,并以该指标体系为基础,构建了采空区风险评价的突变模型.对铜矿采空区稳定性状态进行定量评价,确定采空区的风险等级,结合原始数据得出影响采空区稳定的主要因素,提出相应的治理措施.     

动荷载作用下采空区地基稳定性分析

安太堡露天矿东北角的井阳煤矿开采造成了大面积的地下采空区,为避免施工设备陷入采空区,须研究地面施工时动荷载对采空区的影响。本文按照时间顺序把该采空区划分三个区域,通过数值模拟计算分析了在动荷载作用下采空区内的变形、塑形破坏和应力分布状况,并对采空区上方施工安全性作出评价,最后提出采空区地基的处治对策。     

浅埋煤层近距采空区危险性评价

在浅埋煤层含煤地系中有大部分煤层相距较近,上覆煤层开采完成后,存在大量上覆煤层开采后遗留的采空区,当下部煤层开采时,面临浅埋-近距-上覆采空区多重扰动影响,在开采过程中工作面顶板来压剧烈,且存在明显的动载现象,采动裂隙可直接沟通地表,易引起煤层自燃、地下水流失与地表植物死亡等安全与环境灾害,并对地面建筑、地面工程结构物的稳定造成严重危害.为保障矿井安全开采,对冯家塔煤矿进行了工程地质调查、地质雷达探测与采空区危险性评价,得出了上覆采空区结构形态及其对下覆煤层开采的影响,揭示了浅埋近距采空区影响下矿压显现规律和围岩破坏规律,建立基于浅埋-近距采空区影响下工作面稳定性评价方法和危险源识别系统,实现安全高效开采.     

采空区地基稳定性评价初探

本文通过对山东淄川区北杨片区煤矿采空区拟新建建筑的地基勘察、物探资料进行分析,结合煤矿采空区的地质条件及工作经验,全面阐述了采空区新建建筑物地基稳定性评价方法,并提出采空区工程建设的注意事项及建筑措施。通过对这些问题的解决,对采空区地基稳定性进行了初探,为采空区的城市建设提供有益的参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that