重庆四面山根系及土壤特性对优先路径分布的影响

通过分析不同土地利用状况(林地,灌草地和农地)下优先路径分布特征、土壤特性、及根系状况,探讨根系和土壤特性时优先路径的影响.采用染色法分析了三种不同土地利用状况下6块样地的优先路径分布,并分析了优先路径与根长密度、根孔和根面积之间的关系.结果表明,所有土地利用状况下0～10 cm土壤染色面积超过50％,在20 cm以下...     

气候变暖和降水变化对地下生态过程的影响

地下生态学过程是指陆地生态系统地下部分结构、功能的动态变化过程,它与地上过程高度关联,是全面理解生态系统结构和功能,特别是对全球气候变化响应和适应机理的关键.气候变暖和降水变化是气候变化的两个重要方面,它们对地下生态学过程各个方面的影响复杂且重要,然而目前在这方面的综述文章并不多见.本文综述了气候变暖和降水变化对土壤碳收支、氮循环、土壤生物以及植物细根的周转等方面的研究进展,并在此基础上分析了相关研究领域的主要瓶颈,提出了一些亟待解决的科学问题,期望促进气候变化背景下地下生态学的发展.     

Inhibitor of the oxidation of catechin released from the roots of corn seedlings

Summary When the specific activities of the catechin oxidases (catechin as the substrate) which were released from the roots of the seedlings of alfalfa, tomato, wheat, lettuce and corn were compared, it was found that the oxidizing activity was absent from the root exudate of corn seedlings. A 6.3 kDa protein was purified from the root exudate of corn seedlings and in the presence of this protein, the oxidation of catechin was inhibited. This inhibitor is responsible for the inability of the root exudate of corn seedlings to oxidize catechin.     

稻田春秋玉米产量形成特点比较研究

以半紧凑型迟熟玉米杂交种“登海11”为材料,2007年在长沙和永安两点分别做了稻田春玉米和稻田秋玉米不同施氮水平和密度二因子处理试验。试验结果表明：稻田春、秋玉米均随密度和施氮量的增加产量增加,但中高密度下产量差异不显著,三个氮肥处理下的产量差异均不显著。春玉米主要通过增加穗数和粒重来增加产量,而秋玉米主要通过增加穗敷来增加产量;秋玉米营养期生长天数少于春玉米,使得秋玉米总生物产量和最大叶面积指数较低,从而造成秋玉米平均产量低于春玉米。     

北运河(通州段)浮游植物群落与水体营养状况分析

随着北运河流域内用水量和排污量的不断增加,河流污染严重.为改善这种现状,在2010年对北运河(通州段)的浮游植物与理化因素的检测与分析,以期为北运河干流的综合治理以及生态修复提供依据.监测结果显示:北运河五项理化指标的TSIM值平均92.6,Chla达到135.49 μg/L,水体为富营养.主要污染物是CODcr、BO...     

Control of the behaviour of leaf-cutting ants by their ‘symbiotic’ fungus

There is an obligatory relationship between leaf-cutting ants of the generaAtta andAcromyrmex (Hymenoptera; Attini) and the fungus,Attamyces bromatificus Kreisel, for which they provide a substrate of cut plant material. We show that the ants learn to reject plant material that contains chemicals injurious to the fungus. After an initial period of acceptance, ants from laboratory nests stopped harvesting granular bait containing a fungicidal agent (cycloheximide) and orange peel. This rejection was maintained for many weeks. These colonies also rejected control bait containing no cycloheximide. Some generalisation of the response was observed; colonies rejecting orange granules also rejected grapefruit granules, although they still accepted blackcurrant granules. Rejection of fungicidal bait by colonies in the field was restricted to ants on foraging trails exposed to experimental bait. We conclude that a semiochemical from the fungus, circulated by trophallaxis and grooming, regulates the selection of plant material by foragers. The fungus gains more advantages from the symbiotic relationship than is often realised. The ants provide the fungus with housing, sanitation, defence against disease and predators, pre-selected food, and a means of dissemination, at the cost to itself of providing food for the ant brood.     

有无植物条件下明渠水流紊动特性对比

在可变坡水槽中，模拟了带枝杈植物对明渠水流的干扰作用，借助超声多普勒流速仪（ADV）测量了不同水深下垂线不同测点的瞬时流速，计算了各测点的三维时均流速、脉动强度及雷诺应力等紊动参数，通过与无植物干扰的明渠均匀流紊动特性进行对比，分析植物对水流紊动参数的影响规律。试验结果表明：在有植物明渠水流中，时均流速呈三区分布特征；脉动强度及雷诺应力均在植物顶部附近出现最大值；脉动强度明显增大，在3个方向上趋于接近；可以用植物顶部以上的雷诺应力分布推求摩阻流速。     

The impact of parameter and model uncertainty on market risk predictions from GARCH‐type models

We study the effect of parameter and model uncertainty on the left‐tail of predictive densities and in particular on VaR forecasts. To this end, we evaluate the predictive performance of several GARCH‐type models estimated via Bayesian and maximum likelihood techniques. In addition to individual models, several combination methods are considered, such as Bayesian model averaging and (censored) optimal pooling for linear, log or beta linear pools. Daily returns for a set of stock market indexes are predicted over about 13 years from the early 2000s. We find that Bayesian predictive densities improve the VaR backtest at the 1% risk level for single models and for linear and log pools. We also find that the robust VaR backtest exhibited by linear and log pools is better than the backtest of single models at the 5% risk level. Finally, the equally weighted linear pool of Bayesian predictives tends to be the best VaR forecaster in a set of 42 forecasting techniques.     

北京温榆河浮游藻类与水质分析

2006年的监测结果显示,温榆河CODM。BOD5、NH4-N、TP和TN含量大于我国地表水环境质量V类标准的1．3～11．7倍,主要污染物为总氮、氨氯和总磷;五项指标（SS、SD、CODMn,TP、TN）的TSIM值为75．11～119．45,属于富营养型水体。温榆河4个监测断面共检出浮游藻类6门148种,绿藻种类最多（48％）,其次是硅藻（20．9％）、蓝藻（18．2％）,优势种群均为富营养型水体指示种。温榆河浮游藻类密度大,平均为3179．01×10^4 cells／L,绿藻占优势（75．6％）,蓝藻次之（14．6％）。     

农田渍害遥感监测方法研究应用进展

首先介绍了农田渍害的表现特征;其次根据监测原理,将国内外农田溃害遥感监测的主要方法分为地表指示标志法、地下水位反演法和与非遥感方法相结合的综合分析法,并分别对各类方法的原理、技术、适用范围及优缺点进行分析,发现各种方法均能解决特定的农田渍害监测问题,同时也存在着缺陷和局限性;最后,进行了总结并指出了两种潜在的遥感监测方...