经济高效的污水生物脱氮除磷新技术研究

控制污水中氮和磷的排放,对于防治水体富营养化是十分重要的。针对常规生物脱氮除磷技术和工艺中存在的问题,研究开发出从不同类型污水中去除氮和磷的生物膜与活性污泥结合工艺、亚硝酸型脱氮技术、新型膜生物反应器和立体循环一体化氧化沟等。这些技术和工艺发挥了不同微生物苗群的优势,使其分别处于各自最佳状态,可提高处理效率、简化操作、降低处理费用。     

不同价态无机磷在金属氧化物表面吸附的第一性原理研究

磷是控制水体富营养化的关键限制因子.目前主流的除磷技术处理正磷酸盐相对成熟,但次/亚磷酸盐的深度去除尚未引起充分关注.金属氧化物是一类常用的去除正磷酸盐的吸附剂,探究不同价态无机磷在金属氧化物表面吸附行为与机理具有重要研究意义.本文构建了晶型和无定形Fe2O3,ZrO2,La2O3体相与基底模型,基于第一性原理,计算了...     

辽西北风沙区雨养耕地土壤培肥效果研究

本文以辽宁省彰武风沙区雨养耕地为研究对象开展了针对衣作物增产的培肥地力研究。试验结果表明：风沙区雨养耕地土壤养分本底含量较低,有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾平均含量分别为10．4g／kg、54．8mg／kg、7．3mg／kg、92．0mg／kg。增施氮、磷肥对作物产量无明显的增产效果,但增施钾肥增产效果明显。说明在目前的施肥水平下,氮、磷养分已不是作物产量增加的主要限制因子,而土壤中有效钾含量的下降已经上升为主要限制因子。沙区农业生产应加大有机肥的投入,调整氮、磷、钾肥的施用比例。     

三峡水库172.5m蓄水过程对香溪河库湾水体富营养化的影响

2008年9月至11月,三峡水库分两阶段蓄水至172.5m水位,通过分析蓄水过程中水库干流及支流库湾的水流、水温、浊度、营养盐等的跟踪监测数据,研究了2008年三峡水库汛末蓄水过程对支流库湾水体富营养化的影响.研究表明:三峡水库水位最大日升幅可为2.38m;三峡水库干支流主要通过异重流形式进行水体交换,支流水流呈显著的异向分层流态;三峡水库蓄水过程可以缩小水库干支流之间的水温、浊度、营养盐、pH值等因子差异;蓄水过程中,干流水体稳定系数始终较小,支流水体稳定系数明显降低;导致香溪河库湾叶绿素a浓度在蓄水期间降低的主要原因是蓄水过程增强了水库干支流间的水体交换程度、降低了支流水体分层程度并增加了支流悬沙的含量;蓄水前三峡水库干、支流水体均呈中富营养化状态,蓄水后干、支流水体均呈中营养状态;三峡水库蓄水过程对支流库湾的营养盐具有补给作用,增大了支流库湾蓄水后产生水体富营养化的风险.     

泊松风险模型下的保险公司破产概率研究

用跳跃-扩散过程来描述保险公司的盈余过程以及资本市场利率,即考虑保险公司的盈余风险模型是由布朗运动和泊松过程共同驱动的。利用Ito公式、鞅方法以及随机微积分方法对保险公司的破产概率进行推导,得到了破产概率以及条件破产概率所满足的偏微分方程。     

西藏昌都地区耕地资源研究

通过资料收集、野外考察和数据统计,对藏东南昌都地区的耕地资源数量、分布特征、影响因素及未来变化趋势进行了研究,研究结果表明昌都地区1995～2004年期间:(1)宜耕土地资源数量小,宜耕后备少,开发难度大;现有耕地以坡耕旱地为主,耕地质量差,生态环境恶化;(2)耕地总量变化分为上升、保持平衡、下降三个阶段,期间耕地总量减少0.496%;影响耕地总量变化的因素按重要性依次为政策因素、经济因素和自然因素;人口持续增长也是导致人均耕地持续下降的主要因素之一;(3)耕地未来变化趋势主要取决于人口增长、区域经济发展状况以及地方政府政策;耕地总量将趋于平衡;人均耕地下降势头逐渐趋缓.本研究为昌都地区耕地资源可持续利用提供了理论依据.     

纳米TiO2/ZnO光催化降解氯胺磷的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了几种不同比例的纳米TiO2/ZnO复合半导体光催化剂及纯TiO2、ZnO单组分催化剂,并利用XRD,FE-SEM等手段对样品的结构和形貌进行表征.选用有机磷药氯胺磷为光催化降解对象,利用钼锑抗分光光度法测量并计算降解率,研究了溶液初始浓度、催化剂用量、催化剂的不同配比、热处理温度及溶液的pH值等因素对光催化降解效果的影响.实验结果表明:对于初始浓度4.5mg/L的氯胺磷溶液,催化剂用量为0.6 g·L<'-1>时,TiO2与ZnO的最佳比例为10:1,最佳热处理温度为500℃.反应进行5 h后,最大降解率可达到44.1%.在酸性及碱性介质中均有利于氯胺磷的降解,降解后溶液pH值都向中性趋近     

序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)研究现状与前景分析

本文简要介绍了SBBR的优点和基本形式;具体陈述了SBBR国内外的研究现状,其中包括影响SBBR处理效率的因素,SBBR目前对不同废水的处理．SBBR生物膜生物特性,SBBR脱氯除磷效能。同时指出,遗过在线测定过程参数以实现动态控制设施运行和投加优势茵种以加强SBBR处理效能将是未来SBBR研究的主要方向。     

金属氯化物封端线性低聚磷嗪作为润滑剂的摩擦学行为研究

合成了一系列金属氯化物封端线性低聚磷嗪衍生物, 利用SRV摩擦磨损试验机评价了其作为润滑剂对钢/钢摩擦副的润滑效果. 结果表明, 合成的线性低聚磷嗪衍生物作为润滑剂的摩擦学性能与侧链取代基和金属离子密切相关. 所考察润滑剂的抗磨性能随着金属离子半径的增加呈现增强趋势, 但铁盐例外. 通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪观察分析了钢盘磨损表面的形貌和元素化学状态, 发现金属氯化物封端线性低聚磷嗪衍生物在摩擦过程中形成了由含有机氟化物、氮的氧化合物、Fe₃(PO₄)₂等组分的物理吸附膜和摩擦化学反应膜构成的复合润滑膜, 从而有效提高了抗磨减摩能力.     

益阳地区遥感土地利用分类的波段组合效应分析

波段组合对监督分类的运算效率和分类结果有着显著影响。本文以湖南益阳TM影像为实验数据,通过波段光谱特征统计分析、叠合光谱图分析,对该地区土地利用分类波段进行了初步选取;按照3波段组合方式进行分类,并对分类效应进行了比较分析。结果表明,耕地和草地难区分、未利用土地易错分为建设用地是共同问题;TM2、3、4组合能够较好地区分耕地和草地,同时对林地和草地的区分效果也最好,分类总精度最高;TM2、3、5组合对未利用土地的识别能力相对最高;TM2、3、7组合,TM2、4、7组合以及TM2、5、7组合对水体的分类效果最好。本研究对数据降维、资料不足时最大限度发挥资料可用性、针对特别应用目的进行传感器波段设计具有一定的参考价值。     

Climate change transformation: A definition and typology to guide decision making in urban environments

Climate change presents a threat to the sustainability of cities and their societies, and must be adequately addressed. Urban environments (cities) are responsible for the creation of a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions which are the source of climate change. Cities have been increasingly the focus of action to address climate change, yet emissions are not significantly reducing. Additionally, there a lack of integration between adaptation and mitigation. This prevents responses adequate to limit global warming to 1.5^OC, and to be well adapted to anticipated changes. This paper critically analyses existing definitions and typologies of climate change actions. A definition of ‘climate change transformation’ is proposed which includes the integration of adaptation and mitigation goals to enable a new regime in which global warming is limited to 1.5^OC. A new three-part typology: ‘coping, malaction and transformation,’ is presented for categorising climate change actions by the extent to which they integrate adaptation and mitigation, and define a new regime. The typology is accompanied by illustrations to demonstrate the relationship between adaptation and mitigation. The definition, typology and illustration serve to guide effective climate change decision making, and provides principles to guide application in urban environments.     

Climate change transformation: A definition and typology to guide decision making in urban environments

Climate change presents a threat to the sustainability of cities and their societies, and must be adequately addressed. Urban environments (cities) are responsible for the creation of a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions which are the source of climate change. Cities have been increasingly the focus of action to address climate change, yet emissions are not significantly reducing. Additionally, there a lack of integration between adaptation and mitigation. This prevents responses adequate to limit global warming to 1.5^OC, and to be well adapted to anticipated changes. This paper critically analyses existing definitions and typologies of climate change actions. A definition of ‘climate change transformation’ is proposed which includes the integration of adaptation and mitigation goals to enable a new regime in which global warming is limited to 1.5^OC. A new three-part typology: ‘coping, malaction and transformation,’ is presented for categorising climate change actions by the extent to which they integrate adaptation and mitigation, and define a new regime. The typology is accompanied by illustrations to demonstrate the relationship between adaptation and mitigation. The definition, typology and illustration serve to guide effective climate change decision making, and provides principles to guide application in urban environments.     

Climate change transformation: A definition and typology to guide decision making in urban environments

Climate change presents a threat to the sustainability of cities and their societies, and must be adequately addressed. Urban environments (cities) are responsible for the creation of a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions which are the source of climate change. Cities have been increasingly the focus of action to address climate change, yet emissions are not significantly reducing. Additionally, there a lack of integration between adaptation and mitigation. This prevents responses adequate to limit global warming to 1.5^OC, and to be well adapted to anticipated changes. This paper critically analyses existing definitions and typologies of climate change actions. A definition of ‘climate change transformation’ is proposed which includes the integration of adaptation and mitigation goals to enable a new regime in which global warming is limited to 1.5^OC. A new three-part typology: ‘coping, malaction and transformation,’ is presented for categorising climate change actions by the extent to which they integrate adaptation and mitigation, and define a new regime. The typology is accompanied by illustrations to demonstrate the relationship between adaptation and mitigation. The definition, typology and illustration serve to guide effective climate change decision making, and provides principles to guide application in urban environments.     

上海城市扩展及其对周边土地利用的占用

本文以不同时期的MSS\TM\ETM 为主要信息源,对上海城市中心建成区从1975~2004年的扩展过程及其扩展过程中对周边土地类型的占用进行动态监测,监测结果表明:上海城市建成区范围在29年间持续增长,但各时期增长速度不均衡,2001~2004年增长速度达到历史最高水平。不同时期,上海城市扩展的主导方向存在差异,总体表现为浦西地区沿主要交通干道向外发展,而浦东地区则向功能区核心发展。上海城市扩展过程中对周边土地利用的影响主要表现为以占用大量耕地为主,对农村居民点和其它建设用地的占用次之,对林地、水域等土地类型的占用则较为微弱。     

Cytogenetics of South American akodont rodents (Cricetidae). V. Segregation of chromosome No. 1 polymorphism in Akodon molinae

Akodon molinae is polymorphic with 2n=42, 43, 44, where the metacentric autosome No. 1 is homologous to 2 acrocentrics 1a and 1b. Matings between 2n=43 heterozygotes 1/1a, 1b gave a surplus of 1/1 offspring, a moderate reduction of heterozygous and a strong reduction of homozygous 1a, 1b/1a, 1b offspring. The latter type also has a highly reduced fertility.     

Immunochemical study of protein anomalies in platelets of patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and Bernard-Soulier syndrome]

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of "Triton X-100" solubilized proteins from (125I) iodinated normal and abnormal (Bernard-Soulier and thrombasthenic) platelets was performed using rabbit antibodies raised against whole, normal platelets. In Bernard-Soulier platelets neither of the two surface oriented forms of GP I, glycocalicin and glycoprotein Ib (band 13) were detected. In two patients with type I thrombasthenia, the most prominent precipitate (No. 16) and platelet fibrinogen (No 24) were not detected whereas in one patient with type II thromblasthenia, fibrinogen was normally detected and the amount of protein 16 was around 15% of the normal level. The alloantibody IgG L..., able to induce a "thrombasthenic-like" reactivity in normal human platelets, has been shown to be directed against protein 16.     

浅析阜新矿区废弃地多功能植被恢复技术

矿区废弃地已经成为世界上最严峻的生态环境问题之一。阜新是以矿业为主的资源型城市之一。本文立足于阜新矿区废弃地现状,根据不同排矸年限矸石山特点,采取了不同的植被恢复技术,对多功能植被恢复技术措施进行了评价。得出了不同排矸年限的矸石山应采取不同复垦方向的结论,有效地治理和改善了矿区恶劣生态环境,将推动矿区土地复垦工作快速健康发展。     

Lipid accumulation by a cellulolytic strain of Aspergillus niger.

Lipid accumulation by a cellulolytic mold, Aspergillus niger, was studied. The amount of lipid accumulated ranged from 13.6-16.6% on various carbon sources, namely glucose, xylose, avicel (microcrystalline cellulose) and bagasse (a natural lignocellulosic substrate). Neutral lipids, phospholipids and glycolipids of the mycelia varied from 41.0-46.2%, 34.9-38.4% and 18.7-22.6% of total lipids, respectively. Unsaturated fatty acids comprised around 80% of total fatty materials with linoleic and oleic acid predominating. Of the four nitrogen sources tested, NH4Cl was the best source for lipid synthesis from cellulose (bagasse). Optimum temperature range for growth and lipid synthesis was 25-30 degrees C.     

合成对乙酰氨基苯磺酰氯的新工艺

为了减少氯磺酸的用量,提高对乙酰氨基苯磺酰氯(P ASC)的收率,提出一种新的 P ASC合成工艺,即溶剂法 ClSO3H/PCl5联合氯磺化生产工艺.以乙酰苯胺为原料,通过氯磺酸磺化、五氯化磷氯化,合成 P ASC.在氯磺化过程中引入溶剂,并在反应后期加入助剂,用正交实验确定了最佳的反应条件及原料配比:n(乙酰苯胺)∶n(氯磺酸)∶n(五氯化磷)∶n(助剂)=1.0∶2.0~2.3∶1.0~1.3∶0.1.实验结果表明:新工艺降低了氯磺酸的用量58%,且相同成本条件下的收率比传统工艺提高10~12%