分子筛固定化葡萄糖淀粉酶性能的研究

研究了温度、pH值、底物流速、底物浓度、底物的葡萄糖当量值(DE)等因素对分子筛固定化黑曲霉葡萄糖淀粉酶水解淀粉液化液反应性能的影响规律,考察了固定化酶催化剂的寿命. 在适宜条件下,供给质量百分数10%的淀粉液化液,连续22 d可产生DE值95以上的糖化液,运转30 d,活力仅下降25%. 以DE值15的玉米淀粉液化液为底物,糖化液中葡萄糖的质量百分数可达97%以上.     

高产耐热3''''-磷酸二酯酶菌种的选育及酶性质的研究

以粘红酵母(Rhodotorula glutinis)Q0402为出发菌株,经紫外谤变,得到一株粘红酵母QX0402.5 L发酵罐的发酵液中3'-磷酸二酯酶酶活力可达250 U/mL,为文献报道过的最高酶活力的2.5倍.所产生的3'-磷酸二酯酶在70℃下保温1 h,酶活力仍有50%以上.该酶最适反应pH为5.4,最适反应温度为60℃,反应3 h的反应转化率为56.37%,底物浓度可以提高到3%,生产效率为文献报道的3倍.     

磁场影响固定化葡萄糖异构酶活性的研究

采用丹麦Novo公司测固定化葡萄糖异构酶 (SweetzymeT)活力的反应体系 ,用半胱氨酸 -咔唑法评价酶的活性 ,研究了磁场在不同条件下对酶活力的影响。实验发现 :在不同磁化时间、温度、磁场强度和pH条件下磁化底物 ,使其活性增加可达 2 8 6 % ,并且具有可逆性 ,但磁化固定化酶或磁场作用于酶—底物反应体系 ,未见酶活力的明显变化。     

固定化米曲霉氨基酰化酶拆分DL-茶氨酸

研究固定化米曲霉Aspergillus oryzae AS3.381氨基酰化酶细胞拆分DL-茶氨酸制备L-茶氨酸的最佳工艺条件.将DL-茶氨酸乙酰化为N-乙酰-DL-茶氨酸,利用固定化米曲霉细胞立体专一性去乙酰化,可以获得L-茶氨酸,并分析固定化条件对比酶活的影响.结果显示:最适固定化条件为戊二醛浓度0.5%、交联时间2 h、温度55℃、pH8.0、底物0.2 mol/L、菌液比12 g菌体/100 mL戊二醛溶液,此时拆分率可达98%以上.菌体重复操作7批次,固定化细胞仍保留最高酶活的75%.与直接利用游离菌体转化相比,本法具有反应温度高、酶活高且稳定、能反复利用、酶活损失少等优点.     

壳聚糖固定化果胶酶的制备及其酶学性质研究

以1％壳聚糖与5％戊二醛交联8h制得交联壳聚糖载体,1g载体固定10mg的果胶酶,载体先与酶液缓慢振荡混合30min后,在固定化体系（pH3．4,4℃）中固定反应12h,该条件下制得的固定化酶强度大韧性好。酶活力回收率高达56．31％;固定化酶的最适温度50℃,最适pH3．4,Km^app值为5．42mg·mL^-1,连续使用7次后,酶活力还保留70．45％以上,具有较好的操作稳定性。     

添加纤维二糖,淀粉水解液对纤维素酶制备的影响

里氏木霉（ＴｒｉｃｈｄｅｒｍａｒｅｓｅｉＲｕｔＣ３０）以经蒸汽爆破预处理的玉米秆为底物制备纤维素酶,产酶ｐＨ值维持在５．０左右,底物浓度为３．７５％（玉米秆,干基）时,产酶３天,滤纸酶活力和纤维二糖酶活力达１．７６ＩＵ／ｍＬ和０．３８ＩＵ／ｍＬ,纤维二糖酶活力高,酶水解得率达８０．２％;在试验培养基中添加纤维二糖对纤维素酶的合成具有抑制作用,培养基中添加纤维二糖浓度在０．２５～１．５０ｇ／Ｌ时,滤纸酶活力和纤维二糖酶活力同时下降３０％～４０％;淀粉水解液对纤维毒酶合成的影响是由葡萄糖的抑制和复合糖的诱导共同作用的结果,在用本研究培养基制备纤维酶过程中添加淀粉水解液,从经济角度来说是不适宜的。     

分批补料合成纤维素酶扩大试验

研究了里氏木霉以纸浆为碳源分批补料制备纤维素酶。里氏木霉在10L发酵罐中以纸浆为碳源间歇式发酵合成纤维素酶,培养基中碳源浓度为15g/L时,滤纸酶活力、纤维二糖酶活力、酶产率和酶得率分别为2.15FPIU/mL、0.20IU/mL、16.3FPIU/(L·h)和143.3FPIU/g;碳源浓度提高到27.5g/L,采用分批补加碳源的方法,滤纸酶活力、纤维二糖酶活力、酶产率和每克纸浆酶得率分别为3.90FPIU/mL、0.35IU/mL、23.2FPIU/(L·h)和141.8FPIU。研究表明,提高培养基中碳源浓度,采用补料分批发酵技术,产酶时酶活力和酶产率随着培养基中碳源浓度的提高而提高,且保持酶得率不变,达到了降低产酶成本的目的。     

分子筛固定化葡萄糖淀粉酶性的研究

研究了温度、ｐＨ值、底物流速、底物浓度、底物的葡萄糖当量值（ＤＥ）等因素对分子筛固定化黑曲霉葡萄糖淀粉酶水解淀粉液化液反应性能的影响规律,考察了固定化酶催化剂的寿命,在适宜条件下,供给质量百分数１０％的淀粉液化液,连续２２ｄ可产生ＤＥ值９５以上的糖化液,运转３０ｄ,活力仅下降２５％,以ＤＥ值１５的玉米淀粉液化液为底物,糖化液中葡萄糖的质量百分数可达９７％以上。     

高产耐热3′-磷酸二酯酶菌种的选育及酶性质的研究

以粘红酵母(Rhodotoru la g lutin is)Q 0402为出发菌株,经紫外诱变,得到一株粘红酵母QX 0402。5 L发酵罐的发酵液中3′-磷酸二酯酶酶活力可达250 U/mL,为文献报道过的最高酶活力的2.5倍。所产生的3′-磷酸二酯酶在70°C下保温1 h,酶活力仍有50%以上。该酶最适反应pH为5.4,最适反应温度为60°C,反应3 h的反应转化率为56.37%,底物浓度可以提高到3%,生产效率为文献报道的3倍。     

克鲁维酵母y－85菊粉酶水解菊粉的研究及其中试

克鲁维酵母（Ｋｌｕｖｅｒｏｍｙｃｅｓｓｐ．）Ｙ－８５在菊粉提取液培养基中生长产菊粉酶，其细胞和胞外的菊粉酶活力分别约占菊粉酶总活力的７６％和２４％．试验中以酶发酵液作酶液．该酶的Ｓ／Ｉ值为１５．２．酶液在５０，５５和６０℃下保温１ｈ，活力分别残留１００％，９６％和６５％；在８℃下放置７ｄ，１４ｄ，酶活力分别残留９８％和９６％．在ｐＨ３．６～７．０内，酶活性十分稳定．５ｍｍｏｌＬ－半胱氨酸和Ｆｅ＋２分别可使酶活力提高１０．４％和４１．２％．ｙ－８５菊粉酶水解菊粉的适宜条件是：底物为总糖浓度１０％～１５％菊粉提取液，ｐＨ５．０，温度为５５℃，酶用量为底物每克糖加酶８００ｕ（以蔗糖为底物测酶活力）或２６．３ｕ（以菊糖为底物测酶活力）、搅拌酶解６ｈ．在上述条件上，底物降解率最高可达９８．５％．酶解液中，果糖占总还原糖量的８５％．用１１００Ｌ罐进行酶解中试，５批试验，底物降解率平均达９４．２％．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to