水下激光成像发展现状及主要参数的理论计算

水下激光成像发展现状及主要参数的理论计算胡正荣刘雪明谭志飞郑宇（东南大学电子工程系南京２１００１８）介绍了同步扫描和距离选通两种水下激光成像发展现状。利用双流辐射理论，导出了信号光辐照度的表达式。从理论上计算了同步扫描系统的信号光和后向散射光传回到探...     

循环步进延时距离选通水下微光三维成像

为消除水下主动成像背向散射效应的影响,提高水下成像的作用距离,同时扩大成像探测的范围,提高水下目标的探测与识别概率,在研究距离选通水下主动成像探测的基础上,提出了循环步进延时控制距离选通同步脉冲产生机理,使同步选通脉冲循环延迟时间序列与拟探测区域的距离序列相匹配,实现不同距离情况下水体的扫描成像,再通过三维图像生成实现水体的三维成像显示;研究了循环步进延时控制的机理,设计了基于循环步进延时同步控制的距离选通水下微光三维成像装置.实验表明:与常规距离选通成像方式相比,该方法扩大了成像探测的范围,提高了目标的探测与识别概率.     

三代像增强器的高速选通控制设计

针对水下成像等主动探测应用的需要,设计了一种能够使三代微光像增强高速选通工作的控制电路。应用串联雪崩管电路原理,设计了一种适应三代光阴极的高速选通的控制装置,通过分析和试验,实现了选通控制电路的参数匹配,产生一个-800 V左右、频率125 Hz的选通脉冲,使三代像增强器光阴极能够在3.3、4.9和15.2 ns宽度的脉冲下高速选通工作;测试该选通的三代像增强器极限分辨率,结果表明其极限分辨率在各选通脉冲宽度下基本一致,与不选通时的极限分辨率相差不超过3.8%。     

基于分布式压缩感知的自适应距离选通三维成像

基于距离选通成像时间切片间的相关性，提出分布式压缩感知三维成像方法，有效解决了三维成像庞大数据量与硬件存储性能的冲突.根据相关性构建基于联合稀疏模型的分布式压缩模型，辅助重构部分时间切片.设计一种自适应距离选通方法，根据设定阈值自适应调整选通时间，无需距离先验信息，增加了系统灵活性.结果表明:平均采样率为0.15时，该方法的成像质量比传统方法提高11.124dB，成像距离的平均误差降低6.240.分布式成像方法能够有效减少时间切片冗余信息的采集，为距离选通三维成像提供了一种新的思路.     

水下光电成像探测系统的性能建模分析

分析并讨论了水下光电成像探测系统设计应考虑的几个问题,包括系统设计的性能参数、系统中的信号模型和成像系统性能评估模型.考虑发射系统和接受系统间的距离,建立了激光水下光电成像探测系统的一般理论模型;推导了信号辐射、后向散射、前向散射的计算方法;给出了考虑前向散射和背向散射作用下的成像对比度计算方法;最后导出了水下成像系统的作用距离方程.     

水下光电成像系统计算机仿真

为进行水下目标探测,该文针对Jaffe模型的不足,利用小角度近似原理,建立了水下光电成像系统的理论模型。考虑散射光的影响,给出了给定距离处的水下成像面各像素的信号辐射量的计算方法和对比度模型。对常规激光助视水下成像探测系统进行了仿真,研究了光源系统和接受系统的距离与成像对比度的关系。与Jaffe模型相比,该文所建模型中变量的物理意义更加明确,而仿真结果与其类似,证明该文所述方法的正确性。     

脉冲射线束成像关键技术

脉冲射线束成像是研究惯性约束聚变等核反应装置性能的核心测量技术之一,测量对象为MeV中子、伽马射线束,时间尺度从ns到μs,空间尺度从亚mm到10 cm.本文介绍了西北核技术研究所近年来在发展脉冲射线束成像技术、研制成像系统所取得的主要进展.设计了非对顶双截锥大视场厚针孔和高探测效率编码孔,发展了大面积图像转换屏和阵列式中子图像转换屏,研究了MeV中子、伽马射线束图像转换屏的基本性能,提出了选通型像增强器基本设计要求,系统研究了快响应像增强器的时间选通特性和空间分辨特性,基于一种特殊的全局快门驱动时序设计,研发了百ns曝光双帧CMOS相机,研制了一种针对百ns时间尺度射线源的触发与时间关联系统,包括触发探测器、定时探测器、同步机和快门发生器等,与射线源特征时间关联精度一般为3–5 ns.对超快时间分辨、超高空间分辨、高维成像等脉冲射线束成像技术发展方向进行了讨论.     

同步扫描水下激光成像距离的分析

利用双流辐射传输理论和准直光束的散射理论分别计算出接收端目标反射光信号和背向散射光的辐照度，从而得出水下激光成像距离的理论值．一般条件下，该值约为１２倍衰减长度．从理论上分析了成像距离与接收器视场角、激光器和接收器间距、目标反射率等主要参数的定量关系．从机理上分析了主要参数影响的原因得到了在实际应用系统中探测距离与激光器光功率成对数关系的量值．     

基于MATLAB的水下激光图像处理技术

水体对光的“吸收”和“散射”效应给水下激光成像带来大量的背景噪声,是水下成像高噪声和低对比度的主要成因。距离选通成像技术可以在一定程度上克服大量后向散射的影响,但成像质量仍然不好。为了进一步改善图像效果,就需要利用数字图像处理技术对水下图像进行后续加工。针对水下激光图像的特点,本文将基于MATLAB的图像处理方法引入到水下激光图像处理中以去除图像噪声、改善图像质量,实验结果表明该方法是有效可行的。     

利用激光探测水下声场的理论研究

利用简化的一维物理模型，研究了激光束在水表面反射、散射时探测器在不同位置接收到反射、散射光光通量随时间的变化．结果表明：探测器接收到光通量的变化频率与水下声场的变化频率相同，为利用反射、散射光探测水下声场提供了理论依据，同时也对探测方法提供了基本思路．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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