Gravity wave activity and spectra in the upper mesosphere at Wuhan, China during early March 1996

Sodium layers (75–105 km) were measured by Na lidar on three nights from 1 to 3 of March 1996. The lidar data were used to calculate the relative atmospheric density perturbations and their spectra. The average r. m. s. density perturbations for early March at Wuhan are 5%. The Vertical wave number spectra exhibit power-law shapes with an average slpoes of −2. 12 in the upper mesosphere when the associated density mean quantity of the day was used. Supported by the Fundation of Chinese Academy of Science Ai Yong: born in 1958, Ph. D. graduate student     

星载CO2探测频率步进扫描IPDA激光雷达回波信号反演及误差分析

设计了星载CO₂探测频率步进扫描积分路径差分吸收（IPDA）激光雷达,弥补了欧洲航天局A-SCOPE项目单波长CO₂探测IPDA激光雷达对波长依赖性较强等不足.仿真计算了一个扫描周期内的激光雷达回波信号和系统的相对随机误差、大气压强不确定性误差以及频率不稳定性误差.当频率步进扫描到on-line波长为6 361.235 0 cm-1时,在海面反射率为0.035 sr-1、大气压强不确定性为0.001以及激光频率不稳定性为0.3 MHz条件下,系统综合相对误差为0.084 2%.结果表明,采用频率步进扫描方法结合IPDA激光雷达技术探测大气CO₂浓度不仅可以观察到相对误差随on-line波长变化的关系,而且可以有效地减小测量误差,使其小于0.5×10-6.      

Sodium fluorescence Doppler lidar to measure atmospheric temperature in the mesopause region

A sodium fluorescence Doppler lidar system has been developed to measure environmental parameters of the middle and upper atmosphere. The lidar system mainly comprises a transmitter system, receiver system, data acquisition and control system and data analysis system. A narrowband 589 nm laser is used to excite sodium atoms in the mesopause region. Excitation of the sodium atoms results in resonance fluorescence, which is collected by the receiver. The temperatures in the mesopause region (about 75?C105 km) can be derived by analyzing the Doppler-broadened width of the sodium fluorescence. Observations were made with the lidar system, and the number density of sodium atoms and atmospheric temperature profiles were extracted from the observation data. Comparisons of the lidar temperatures and TIMED/SABER temperatures show good agreement, illustrating the reliability of the sodium fluorescence Doppler lidar measurements.     

基于镜频抑制零差探测的全光纤测风激光雷达系统

相干多普勒测风激光雷达多采用外差技术来获得大气风场在雷达径向方向上的速度大小和正负.本文基于镜频抑制技术,使用全光纤90°相位控制器研制了连续相干多普勒测风激光雷达系统.该系统通过对本振光或接收信号进行相位控制,得到正交的IQ信号,采用镜频抑制技术,探测得到径向风速的大小和正负,相对于使用外差技术的相干多普勒激光雷达系统,该系统具有信噪比更高、雷达存储能力更强、在相同的ADC采样速率下测速范围更大等特点.文中最后通过与风速计的大量对比试验,进一步对连续相干多普勒测风激光雷达系统的数据的可信性进行了验证.实验结果表明,该系统测得的风向正负与风速计完全一致,风速大小的偏差为-0.03 m/s,标准差为0.63 m/s,具有较高的探测精度.      

北京地区大气气溶胶的激光雷达观测及反演算法研究

利用微脉冲激光雷达在北京地区的观测, 研究两种避开利用高空信号的反演算法。算法一,根据Fernald的反演算法把边界取在混合层中间某处, 并结合太阳光度计的观测进行反演。通过激光雷达与同一地点自动气象站的地面观测比较验证了反演结果, 表明该方案用于激光雷达的气溶胶消光系数反演是可行的。算法二,由于激光雷达近端处的信号和地面气溶胶消光系数线性相关, 从而利用地面气溶胶观测数据反演雷达常数和观测期间气溶胶平均后向散射比, 结果与第一种方案一致, 表明利用该方法反演是可行的。最后利用这次激光雷达的观测, 分析北京地区冬季一次西伯利亚高压过境时的气溶胶演变过程, 将激光雷达观测与南郊观测站地面观测进行比较, 并验证了激光雷达的反演结果和算法的可靠性。     

海面浮油探测荧光激光雷达系统仿真

建立了海面浮油探测荧光激光雷达的系统模型,根据浮油探测的特点,给出了荧光激光雷达回波信号方程.以此方程为基础,结合石油的消光系数及荧光光谱转换效率数据,对模型的回波信号强度进行仿真,得到了该模型探测不同类型石油时的荧光回波光子数.为进一步计算该模型的信噪比,分析了海洋浮油探测背景噪声的特点,得到海水黄色物质产生的背景噪声.通过信噪比公式计算了荧光激光雷达模型的信噪比,计算结果表明,该系统模型能够满足机载海面浮油探测要求.      

Analysis of ionospheric anomalies before the 2011 <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis><Subscript>w</Subscript> 9.0 Japan earthquake

On March 11, 2011, a large earthquake of Mw=9.0 occurred near the east coast of Honshu, Japan. This paper investigates preearthquake ionospheric anomalies during the earthquake period, using data from global navigation satellite systems and ionosonde stations near the epicenter. A clear anomaly that occurred on March 8 lasted 6 hours. Eliminating ionospheric anomalies that may have been caused by solar activities and magnetic storms, we believe that a positive anomaly on March 8 was very possibly an ionospheric precursor. The affected ionospheric area on March 8, which is evident on a vertical total electron content distribution map, extended to 50° in longitude and 20° in latitude, with length ratio approximately 3:1. The anomaly peak arose from 15:00-19:00 LT, and its location did not coincide with the vertical projection of the epicenter, but was instead to its south. Corresponding ionospheric anomalies are also observed in the magnetically conjugated region. There were no obvious ionospheric anomalies in other parts of the world. To analyze changes in the ionospheric anomaly, computerized ionospheric tomography technology was used to invert the spatial and temporal distribution of electron density in the ionosphere. The ionospheric anomaly on March 8, 2011 is suggested to be an ionospheric precursor of the March 11 earthquake in Japan.     

基于OPAC的典型环境中气溶胶组分的光学特性分析

利用基于Mie散射理论的云和气溶胶粒子的光学特性软件(OPAC)在不同激光雷达探测波段对一般大陆(典型气溶胶组分:水溶性、不溶性和烟尘气溶胶)、沙漠(典型气溶胶组分:水溶性、核模态矿物、积聚模态矿物和粗模态矿物气溶胶)和洁净海洋(典型气溶胶组分:水溶性、积聚模态海盐和粗模态海盐)3种环境下的气溶胶光学参数(散射系数、光学厚度和激光雷达比)进行了仿真研究,分析了各环境中光学参数随气溶胶组分数浓度的变化规律以及各组分对光学特性的影响.结果表明消光系数和光学厚度在不同激光波段、不同环境下均随组分数浓度线性递增,在上述环境中对消光系数和光学厚度影响最大的组分依次为水溶性气溶胶、积聚模态矿物气溶胶和积聚模态海盐气溶胶.激光雷达比变化规律十分复杂,受探测波长及气溶胶组分的双重影响,一般大陆环境中非水溶性气溶胶在2个波段上的影响占主导地位;沙漠环境中,不同波段上积聚模态矿物气溶胶对激光雷达比的影响最大;洁净海洋环境中,积聚模态海盐气溶胶对激光雷达比的影响最强.     

Defect properties of GaAs by positron annihilation

Positron lifetime and Doppler Broadening spectra have been measured for three types of GaAs semiconductors. Direct evidence of native vacancy-type defects is found in the semi-insulating (SI-type) and n-type sample as its average lifetime {ie45-1} andS-parameter are larger than the bulk value. No positron trapping occurred in p-type GaAs. The lifetime spectrum of n-GaAs has also been measured as a function of temperature. The increase in average lifetime {ie45-2} from 226 ps to 234 ps at the temperature range 95–330 K was observed and was explained by the ionization of the vacancy. The slight increase in bulk lifetime {ie45-3} with the temperature was caused by the lattice expansion and expansion coefficient α=14×10⁻⁶K⁻¹ was evaluated. Chen Zhiquan: born in May 1969, Ph.D. graduate student. Current research interest is in positron annihilation. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

日照市近岸海域冬夏季游泳动物群落结构研究

为探明日照市近岸海域冬夏季游泳动物种类组成、优势种、资源密度和物种多样性及其变化趋势,于2016年2月（冬季）和8月（夏季）对该海域进行2个航次的调查。调查共捕获游泳动物71种,其中鱼类44种,甲壳类22种,头足类5种。冬季优势种为玉筋鱼（Ammodytes personatus）和疣背深额虾（Latreutes planirostris）,夏季为日本枪乌贼（Loliolusia pouica）、矛尾虾虎鱼（Chaeturichthys stigmatias）、口虾蛄（Oratosquilla oratoria）、绿鳍鱼（Chelidonichthys spinosus）。冬夏两季调查游泳动物平均尾数资源密度分别为106.86×10³,59.41×10³ ind./km²;平均质量资源密度分别为191.22,251.35 kg/km²;平均Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数（H''）分别为1.535,1.896;平均Pielou均匀度指数（J）分别为0.540,0.693;平均Margalef物种丰富度指数分别为2.505,2.495。研究表明该海域游泳动物以小型鱼类、甲壳类和头足类为主。与2006年山东半岛南部近岸海域调查结果相比,甲壳类物种有增加的趋势。     

Coherent thermal radiation in thin films and its application in the emissivity design of multilayer films

The infrared transmission spectra of a 0.54-μm-thick Ge film and a 20-μm-thick Si film were experimentally measured. As the incident radiation was in the wavelength range from 1.5μm to 10μm, the Ge film demonstrated a strongly spectral coherence. However, thermal radiation of the Ge film was found to be spatially incoherent due to its extreme thinness. The Si film exhibited significantly spectral and spatial coherence. The results confirmed that thermal radiation of a monolayer film could be coherent spectrally and spatially if the film thickness was comparable with the wavelength. The optical characteristic matrix method was applied to calculate the transmission spectra of the Si and Ge film, and the results agreed well with the measurements. This method was further used to analyze two multilayer films composed of five low emissive layers. Their emissivities were found to be highly emissive at a certain zenith angle, and the emissive peak could be controlled by careful selection of film thickness.     

Flexible dye-sensitized solar cell based on PCBM/P3HT heterojunction

Using blend heterojunction consisting of C60 derivatives [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as charge carrier transferring medium to replace I3–/I– redox electrolyte,a novel flexible dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is fabricated.The characterization of infrared spectra and ultraviolet-visible spectra shows that the PCBM/P3HT heterojunction has not only the absorption in ultraviolet light for PCBM,but also the absorption in visible and near infrared light for P3HT,which widens the photoelectric response range for DSSC.The influence of PCBM/P3HT mass ratio on the performance of the solar cell is discussed.Under 100 mW cm–2 (AM 1.5) simulated solar irradiation,the flexible solar cell achieves a lightto-electric energy conversion efficiency of 1.43%,open circuit voltage of 0.87 V,short circuit current density of 3.0 mA cm–2 and fill factor of 0.54.     

Laser cooling using anti-stokes fluorescence in Yb3+-doped fluorozirconate glasses

The fluorozirconate glasses ZBLANP (ZrF₄−BaF₂−LaF₃−NaF−PbF₂) doped with different Yb³⁺ concentration were prepared. The Raman spectra and absorption spectra are measured to substantiate the existence of phonon-assisted emission. After analyzing the normalized absorption spectra of samples with different Yb³⁺-doped concentration, we calculated the maximum cooling effect in the 3 wt% Yb³⁺-doped sample pumped at 1 012.5 nm. The corresponding cooling capability is about −4.09 °C/W and the cooling efficiency reaches 1.76%. Foundation item: Supported by the Key Science Foundation of Wuhan (9601P0223) Biography: Xu Tian-ming (1978-), female, Master candidate, research direction: information optics and nonlinear optics.     

The minimization of non-equilibrium plasma source at high pressure

The density of plasma produced by atmospheric non-equilibrium plasma source is the function of energy dissipation rate in ionization electric field and gas particles momentum. The experiment shows that the plasma density highly rises with the increasing of energy dissipation rate and gas particles momentum. When the energy dissipation rate of activation field is 2.18 Wh/m^3 and the average gas particles momentum is 109×10^-22 g· m/s, the air throughput of plasma source whose volume is only 2.5 cm^3 can be up to 12 m^3/h and the density of plasma can be up to 10^10 cm^-3. The research can develop a method of producing minitype plasma source which is low energy consumption but high ion concentration used for chemical industry, environmental engineering and military.     

Formation of the inclusion complex of Orange II with β-Cyclodextrin and its photostability

Inclusion complex of Orange II with β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) and the anti-photolysis effect under UV-light were investigated. The molar ratio of inclusion complex of β-Cyclodextrin and Orange II is 1∶1. The formation constantK = 1.236×10³ L/mol was determined by the UV and Fluorescence spectra respectively, which was quite in accordance with the calculation with a modified Benesi-Hildbrand equation. The inclusion complex was characterized by the IR spectra and the molar ratio of inclusion complex is 1∶1 too. The formation constantK = 1.266×10³ L/mol was determined by¹H NMR analysis and was nearly the same by UV and fluorescence spectra. The photocatalytic decolorization rate of Orange II solutions containing β-CD and TiO₂ was smaller by 51.9% than that of the Orange II solutions only containing TiO₂, while in the case of direct photolysis of Orange II solutions, β-CD can lower the photolysis rate by 48.1% under UV-light. This result indicates β-CD can inhibit the photolysis and photocatalytic decolorization of Orange II under UV-light. The β-CD inclusion complex was found to be persistent to UV-light photolysis. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20177017) Biography: Lu Ping (1958), male. Associate professor, research direction: environmental photochemistry.     

Electroabsorption spectrum of substituted polyphenylacetylenes

Electroabsorption (EA) measurements on thin films of poly[ o (trimethylsilyl) phenylacetylene] and poly[ o (trimethylsilylmethyl) phenylacetylene] have been performed. The spectral change induced by an exernal electric field (EA spectra) has been observed, which shows the similar shape of the second derivative of the optical absorption spectra. The change in the absorption Δ α is obtained from the EA spectrum, and Δ n is calculated through Kramers_Krong transformation. The optical properties of substituted polyphenylacetylenes (PPAs) were discussed.     

东寨港海湾尺度下红树林软体动物时空分布特征及驱动因子

研究海湾尺度下软体动物时空分布特征及驱动因子,为红树林湿地功能保护和管理提供科学依据。于2020年7月至2021年4月对海南东寨港湾口、湾中、湾顶3个典型红树林地点的软体动物的种类组成、物种多样性和群落结构进行四季调查,运用单因素方差分析和Pearson相关性分析软体动物时空格局及其与水环境因子的关系。结果显示：海湾内软体动物物种丰富,共采集到18科31种,优势种为珠带拟蟹守螺（Cerithidea cingulata）、小翼拟蟹守螺（Cerithidea microptera）、绯拟沼螺（Assiminea latericea）、短拟沼螺（Assiminea brevicula）、印澳蛤（Indoaustriella plicifera）、斯氏印澳蛤（Indoaustriella scarlatoi）等;年平均密度和年平均生物量分别为79.6 ind./m²和78.7 g/m²;Margalef丰富度指数（d）、Pielou均匀度指数（J）和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H''）分别为1.220±0.188,0.591±0.078,1.815±0.275。海湾内软体动物的密度和生物量存在显著的时空差异：从空间上来看,密度表现为湾口>湾顶>湾中,生物量表现为湾中>湾口>湾顶;从季节上来看,密度差异表现为春季和冬季高于夏季和秋季,生物量则表现为夏季最高。相关性分析结果表明,水体盐度、总溶解固体与软体动物的密度、生物量存在显著的正相关关系,是软体动物群落时空分布特征的主要驱动因子。     

Raman spectroscopy of single quantum well wires

We used the micro-Raman spectroscopy to investigate the V-grooved quantum well wires (QWWs), and first observed and assigned the Raman spectra of single QWW. They were the disorder induced modes at 223 and 243 cm⁻¹, confined LO mode of GaAs QWW at 267 cm⁻¹, and higher order peaks of disorder induced modes at 488 and 707 cm⁻¹.     

Investigation of the electronic structure and photoluminescence properties of Eu3＋ in Sr2Mgl_xZnxSi207 （0 〈x 〈 1）

Undoped and Eu 3+-doped Sr 2 Mg 1-x Zn x Si 2 O 7 (0≤x≤1) powder crystals were obtained by conventional solid-state reaction.X-ray diffraction,inductively coupled plasma analysis,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results implied that a complete solid-solution formed between Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 and Sr 2 ZnSi 2 O 7 as well as local structural adjustment.Excitation spectra exhibited O 2-Eu 3+ charge transfer (CT) bands centered at 250 nm for Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7:Eu 3+ and 258 nm for Sr 2 ZnSi 2 O 7:Eu 3+.Emission spectra exhibited a major band around 616 nm,which showed the environment around Eu 3+ was non-centrosymmetric in both Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7:Eu 3+ and Sr 2 ZnSi 2 O 7:Eu 3+.In addition,first principles calculations within the local density approximation (LDA) of density functional theory (DFT) were used to calculate the electronic structure of Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 and Sr 2 ZnSi 2 O 7.Calculated results were correlated with experimental UV-vis reflection spectra and the observed shift of the O 2-Eu 3+ CT band.     

特色壮药黄花倒水莲高效栽培技术研究

本研究旨在探索适用于黄花倒水莲(Polygala fallax Hemsl.)的栽培措施，为黄花倒水莲的资源开发利用提供参考。以黄花倒水莲组培苗为材料，研究种植模式、立地条件、种植密度、肥料种类、施肥次数、施肥时间对黄花倒水莲产量的影响。结果表明：采用山地、林下种植模式，黄花倒水莲的产量和成活率明显提高。选择在4月移栽幼苗，成活率可高达(97±2)%,高于其他月份。种植密度为50 cm×50 cm时，平均产量最高。施用有机肥时，产量较施用复合肥、不施肥明显增加；当施肥量为750 kg/666.7 m²时，产量达到最大；每年于6月施肥效果最好，其次是4月。综合考量，为提高黄花倒水莲的产量，种植地应选在山地，采用林下种植模式；4月移栽；种植密度为50 cm×50 cm; 4-6月施用有机肥约750 kg/666.7 m²(每株约0.2 kg),分两次施肥。