The “day of Brahman” in the work of Āryabhata

Summary In the astronomical treatise ryabhatya of ryabhata several verses are interpolated, namely all those verses in which either Brahman was mentioned or extremely large periods were introduced. The interpolator was known to AlBrn as ryabhata of Kusumapura, who belongs to the school of the elder ryabhata. The aim of the interpolator was to bring the teaching of the elder ryabhata into accordance with the revelation of Svayambh. Svayambh is another name for Brahm.     

The syntheses of axillarin and its related compounds

Zusammenfassung Axillarin (5, 7, 3, 4-Tetrahydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavon). 5,3,4-Trihydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavon und 5,7,3,4-Tetrahydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyflavon wurden synthetisiert.     

Funktion der Spermien in inkompatiblen Kreuzungen der StechmückeCulex pipiens L.

Summary After irradiating males of the incompatible crossC. pipiens Hamburg ×C. pipiens Paris with X-ray doses between 1 kR and 40 kR, it could be shown that in this cross the sperm has only the function of activating the egg. All the hybrid embryos develop from the haploid female pronucleus.Herrn Professor Dr.H. Laven danke ich für Unterstützung und wertvolle Diskussionen.     

The Kepler Problem from Newton to Johann Bernoulli

Summary Newton solved what was called afterwards for a short time the directKepler problem (le problème direct): given a curve (e.g. an ellipse) and the center of attraction (e.g. the focus), what is the law of this attraction ifKepler's second law holds?The problème inverse (today: the problème direct) was attacked system-atically only later, first byJacob Hermann, then solved completely byJohann Bernoulli in 1710 and followingBernoulli byPierre Varignon. How didBernoulli solve the problem? What method did he use for this purpose and which of his accomplishments do we still follow today?In the second part various questions connected to the first part are dealt with from the point of view, Conflict and Cooperation, suggested byJ. van Maanen to the participants of the Groningen conference.     

Synthese von 22,26-Imino-cholestan-Derivaten

Summary 3, 16-diacetoxy-5-pregnane-20-one and the analogue pregn-5-ene derivative have been converted into (22R, 25R)-22, 26-imino-5-cholestane-3, 16-diol. The configuration at C-22 and C-25 was determined by transformation into the known (22R, 25R)-5-solanidane-3-one. Application of the Ruschig method led to (25R)-22,26-imino-5-cholest-22(N)-ene-3, 16-diol.

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Solanum-Alkaloide. XVI. Mitteilung. — XV. Mitteilung:K. Schreiber undH. Ripperger, Tetrahedron Letters Nr.27, 9 (1960).     

Geminus and the concept of mean motion in Greco-Latin astronomy

Conclusion Geminus account of lunar motion in chapter 18 of hisIntroductio astronomiae is, in our view, an important contribution to Greco-Latin astronomy because, in attempting to reconstruct arithmetically (the parameters of) the Moon's motion in longitude, he undermines the task astronomers had hitherto set for themselves. This undermining of a commonly acknowledged view of the purpose of astronomy is articulated in a whole new set of questions concerning the nature and place of both observation and mathematical reasoning in the science of the heavens. Yet, one must not overlook the fact thatGeminus reconstruction also indicates resources for addressing these questions. Of these resources, the most powerful proved to be the idea that irregular motion could be quantified as a systematic departure from a mean motion, and the idea that observational data could be organized and structured by means of genetic arithmetical reconstructions.But, since we limit our attention to extant treatises and decline to speculate about works or parts of works that have not survived, we must say that it would takePtolemy to discern the new direction for astronomy thatGeminus opened up and to pursue it. In part, this involved straightening out the conflated conception of mean motion in chapter 18 — the qua arithmetic mean daily displacement can only be anapparent lunar motion in longitude and not one the Moonreally makes, but the same need not be true of the qua periodic mean daily displacement — and determining its proper relation to real and apparent planetary motion. Indeed,Ptolemy's genius lay, we think, in seeing that even though, in assimilating Babylonian astronomy, earlier and contemporary Greco-Latin writers betrayed a confused, inconsistent, and unsophisticated grasp of the proper role of arithmetic, geometry, and observation in astronomical argument [seeBowen 1994], the solution lay in a mathematical reconstruction of the observed celestial motions, in which mean motion played an essential role.     

Genetic control over the duration of G1 phase

or fi y G₁ , .     

Flavonoids of Gnaphalieae:Leontopodium alpinum cass

Riassunto Dalla Stella alpina (Leontopodium alpinum Cass, Gnaphalieae-Asteraceae) vengono isolati la luteolina (3, 4, 5, 7 tetraidrossiflavone) ed i suoi 4-e 7-O--d glucosidi.     

Peroxides of diisopropylether

Zusammenfassung Stellt man 2,2-Dihydroperoxy-2, 2-Diisopropyläther nachIvanov et al. aus Isopropyläther her, so entsteht nebenbei auch noch 2, 2-Dihydroperoxy-2, 2-Diisopropyl-Peroxid. Beide Peroxide kann man papier- und dünnschichtchromatographisch nachweisen und mit präparativer Dünnschichtchromatographie rein isolieren.     

Il punto nella terminologia matematica greca

Summary In this note we claim that the two words and , which were used in Greece to indicate the geometrical point, had both been introduced in the scientific language in the first half of the IV^th century B.C., and that they became popular independently of each other in two different cultural circles, those of philosophy and of mathematics, respectively.We propose therefore, in contrast to a conjecture by Heiberg, a new explanation for the predominance of during the golden age of Greek mathematics and for the resurgence of during the period of decadence.

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Memoria presentata da A. Seidenberg     

The application of Hudson's lactone rule toγ- andδ-hydroxyamino acids and the question of the configuration ofδ-hydroxy-l-lysine from collagen

Zusammenfassung Die Anwendung von Hudsons Lakton-Regel auf eine Reihe von Laktonen von- und-Oxyaminosäuren bestätigte die unabhängig auf chemischem Wege bewiesenen Konfigurationen an den- und-Kohlenstoffatomen. Im Falle des erstmalig dargestellten Laktons des,-Dibenzoyl--hydroxy-d-lysins führte die Anwendung der Regel zurerythro-Struktur XV, und folglich für natürliches-Oxylysin aus Collagen zur Formel XIa, deren Beweis auf chemischem Wege noch aussteht.     

Steroidal sapogenins. XXX stereochemistry of the side chain

Zusammenfassung Die optischen Drehungen einiger 20, 25d; 20, 25l; 20, 25d; und 20, 25-l-Sapogenine wurden bestimmt. Die ersten drei Serien gaben übereinstimmend linksdrehende Werte, aber die letztere Gruppe erwies sich als rechtsdrehend.Die Struktur der vier Serien der Sapogenine folgte aus der Analyse dieser Befunde. Der mögliche Mechanismus bei der Entstehung dieser Verbindungen aus Pseudosapogeninen wurde besprochen. Die Autoren gelangen zum Schluss, dass sterische Faktoren an C₂₀ und C₂₅ die Richtung der Ringschliessung beeinflussen.

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Steroidal sapogenins. XXX stereochemistry of the side chain

     

Correlation between 3′,5′, c-AMP levels and thyrotropin in separated rat pituitary thyrotropic cells

Summary The correlation between 3,5, c-AMP levels, TSH content and secretion of separated thyrotropic cells was studied. Incubation of the separated cells with 1, 10 and 100 ng of TRH does not change the 3,5, c-AMP levels, despite the significant rises of the TSH level. Dibutyryl c-AMP causes rise in TSH content, with no indication of its secretion. PGE₂ 10^–5 increased 3, 5, c-AMP levels with no change in the content or secretion of TSH in separated thyrotropic cells.     

Phosphatases IX. Differences in sialic acid content of rat liver alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes

Zusammenfassung Die Heterogeneität der alkalischen Phosphatase in der Rattenleber wird beschrieben. Anodische und kathodische Isoenzyme unterscheiden sich unter anderem durch ihre Reaktion auf die Neuraminidase Behandlung.

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V. Volek, J. tpán, E. Beneová andF. Hemanský, Sb. lék. in print (1973).     

Metabolism of a pharmacologically active pyrrolidine derivative (prolintane) by lactam formation

Zusammenfassung Prolintan, N-1-(-Benzylbutyl)-Pyrrolidin, wurde in Kaninchen durch ein Mikrosomensystem der Leber in das entsprechende Laktam, N-1-(-Benzylbutyl)-Pyrrolidin-2-on, umgebaut. Das gleiche Stoffwechselprodukt fand sich auch im Gewebe von Ratten, denen das Medikament gegeben wurde; allenfalls Spuren davon wurden im Urin der Ratten ausgeschieden.

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We thank Dr.D. C. Remy for a sample of syntheticdl-1-(-propylphenethyl)-pyrrolidin-2-one.     

(−)-Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol: Two novel in vitro metabolites

Zusammenfassung (–)-⁸-Tetrahydrocannabinol ist einer der Aktivstoffe in Marihuana (Cannabis sativa L.). Inkubation dieser Verbindung mit der überstehenden Zentrifugationsfraktion (9000g) aus männlicher Hundeleber ergab zwei Hauptmetaboliten, welche durch Massenspektrometrie und Kernresonanzspektroskopie identifiziert wurden. Den beiden Verbindungen werden die Strukturen des 1-Hydroxy-⁸-tetrahydrocannabinols und des 3-Hydroxy-⁸-tetrahydrocannabinols zugeordnet.     

Further morphological and biochemical studies on normal and hybrid embryos of sea urchins

Zusammenfassung (1) Es wurde bei den SeeigelartenParacentrotus ,Arbacia undSphaerechinus sowie den drei BastardenPar ×Arb ,Arb ×Par undPar ×Sphaer für eine Reihe von Entwicklungsstadien die Anzahl der Kerne pro Keim bestimmt (Tabelle). Der morphogenetischen Hemmung der Bastarde entsprechen herabgesetzte Kernzahlen und parallel eine Herabsetzung der DNS-Synthese. (2) Es wurde bei den genannten reinen Arten und den Bastarden derUmsatz der RNS bestimmt. Er geht in allen Fällen, bei den reinen Arten wie bei den Bastarden, der DNS- Synthese parallel.

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Our work was supported by a grant from the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung. We express our sincere thanks to the Nationalfonds and also to the authorities at the Zoological Station at Naples for generous help and supply of materials and facilities. — This paper is thankfully dedicated byF. Baltzer toF. E. Lehmann for his kind hospitality in the Bernese Institute.     

Einbau des 2′,4,4′,6′-Tetrahydroxy-chalkon-2′-glucosid-[β-14C] in Isoflavone

Summary 2,4,4,6-Tetrahydroxychalcone-2-glucoside-[-¹⁴C] is incorporated into biochanin-A in chana germ (Cicer arietinum L.) without randomization of the radioactivity. Possibly a very low incorporation into formononetin occurs also. After administration of the chalcone a large part of the activity is bound to the acid insoluble residue of the cicer shoots (lignin-like substances) in an (as yet) undetermined manner. This binding also occurs in heat denatured homogenates.

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VI. Mitt. Zur Biogenese der Isoflavone. V. Mitt.H. Grisebach undG. Brandner, Biochim. biophys. Acta60, 51 (1962).     

Über das Vorkommen verschieden substituierter Chalkone während der Mikrosporogenese beiTulipa

Summary During the development of anthers inTulipa cv. Apeldoorn the following chalcones were isolated: 2, 3, 4, 4, 6-pentahydroxychalcone as the main component and 2, 4, 4, 6-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxychalcone as well as 2, 4, 4, 6-tetrahydroxychalcone in a very small amount.

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Die Untersuchungen wurden mit Mitteln der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft unterstützt.     

Separation of rat liver mitochondrial amine oxidases

.