Atmungseffekte bei intermittierender elektrischer Reizung der Medulla oblongata zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten des Atmungszyklus beim Kaninchen

Summary In urethane-anesthetized rabbits the bulbar reticular formation was stimulated with volleys of 120 msec duration at 100 pulses per sec, the pulse duration being 0.5 msec. When shifted along the inspiration, the volleys caused an increasingly stronger inhibition followed by a rebound activation of the inspiratory activity. Towards the end of the inspiration, the volleys stopped the latter phase and shortened the following expiration. When applied during the expiration, the volleys also caused an inhibition and shortened this phase. Results suggest that the stimulus-induced pause of the inspiratory activity delays the activation by the inspiratory centre of the central inhibitory feedback mechanism.

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Unterstützt durch die Freiwillige Akademische Gesellschaft der Stadt Basel und die Sandoz-Stiftung zur Förderung der medizinisch-biologischen Forschung.     

Altersbedingte Abnahme von Kreatinphosphat und Änderungen der Adeninnukleotide in der Skelettmuskulatur von Ratten

Summary The content of phosphocreatine and of the adenin nucleotides, ATP, ADP and AMP in the white skeletal muscle of rats of different ages has been determined.There is an age-dependent relation between the quantity of phosphocreatine and the ratio of ATP/ADP. Young rats contain relatively much phosphocreatine (up to 57%) and a high ATP/ADP ratio (mean 6.7) while old rats show less phosphocreatine (40.8%) and also a low ATP/ADP ratio (mean 2.2).

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M. Ermini dankt der Schweizerischen Akademie der Medizinischen Wissenschaften für eine Verlängerung seines Stipendiums undI. Szelenyi dankt für ein USA Forschungs-Stipendium an das Institut für experimentelle Gerontologie in Basel. Herrn Prof.F. Verzár sind wir für die Leitung dieser und weiterer Arbeiten zu Dank verbunden.     

Verlust der anti-inflammatorischen Wirkung von Phenylbutazon (Butazolidin-Geigy) und Cortison durch Ablation vonThyreidea undParathyreoidea

Summary The anti-inflammatory action of Cortisone and Phenylbutazone (Butazolidin-Geigy, TM.), as demonstrated e.g. on the formalin oedema of rats, is abolished after extirpation of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. This result seems to indicate a participation of the incretory organs mentioned on the anti-inflammatory mechanism of these products.     

Über den zeitlichen Ablauf der Aktivierung von Cyclophosphamid im Menschen und die Testung der zytostatisch aktiven Form an Ehrlich-Mäuse-Aszites-Tumorzellen

Summary The cytostatic action of human blood serum, following intravenous injection of cyclophosphamid, on cell proliferation and lactic production of Ehrlich mouse ascites tumour cells in vitro was tested. The maximum cytostatic activity was found 2 h after injection.     

Analyse des akustischen Geschlechtererkennungsmechanismus (Befreiungsrufe) bei Kröten (GenusBufo)

Summary The release calls of male European toads (B. bufo L.,B. calamita Laur.,B. viridis Laur.) have been described and recorded in the form of spectrograms and oscillograms. While only 1 type of release call is uttered byB. bufo, inB. viridis andB. calamita 2 and 3 types respectively were found. The latter 2 species show a close relationship,B. calamita being the most highly developed toad in Europe.     

Aktivität der Aldolase und der Succinatdehydrogenase (SDH) in der weissen und roten Skelettmuskulatur junger und alter Ratten

Summary The activity of aldolase and succinatdehydrogenase (SDH) in white and red skeletal muscle of young (3–7 months) and old (20–30 months) rats has been determined. In addition also the SDH of liver was measured. The activity of aldolase is higher in white than in red muscles, while SDH shows a higher activity in red than in white muscles. The activity of aldolase is not influenced by ageing in white muscles, but decreased in red muscles by 23%. In old animals the activity of SDH is 34% less in white and 52% less in red muscles. In liver the activity is 44% less. The significance of these changes for the energy metabolism of skeletal muscle is discussed.     

Der Magnesium- und der Zinkgehalt von Chloroplasten

Summary The Mg- and Zn-content was determined with atomic absorption in chloroplasts isolated with a new dry method byBehrens et al.     

Die Verteilung von Noradrenalin und Adrenalin im Herzen der Katze,des Kaninchens und der Ratte

Summary The concentration of noradrenaline in different parts of the heart was estimated in cats, rabbits, and rats. In each heart, the concentration of noradrenaline was much higher in the right atrium than in the left atrium and higher in the right ventricle than in the left one.     

Beeinflussung der Gerinnungswirkung von Heparin durch Serotonin und Tryptamin

Summary Investigations in the cofactor-fibrinogen system have shown that serotonin and tryptamine, although only in relatively high doses, reduce the antithrombin time prolonged by the action of heparin. Histamine has no such effect on the action of heparin, nor have tyramine and isoamylamine.

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Für wertvolle Ratschläge im Verlaufe der Untersuchungen sind wir den Herren Dr.R. Marbet, Dr.André Studer und PD Dr.A. Winterstein, Wissenschaftliche Laboratorien der F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. AG. in Basel zu Dank verpflichtet.     

Geschwindigkeit der imidazolkatalysierten o-Acetylierung von Derivaten und Peptiden des Serins und Threonins

Summary o-Acetylation of cyclo-his-ser and cyclo-histhr in acetic acid/acetanhydride proceeds via intermolecular, and in the case of 4-hydroxyethyl-imidazole via intramolecular, acyl transfer. The highest rate of acetylation is observed with 4-hydroxyethyl-imidazole, and the most effective catalyst in the case of intermolecular acyl transfer is imidazole; derivatives of imidazole are less effective. Derivatives and peptides of serine are generally more reactive than those of threonine.     

Elektroretinogramm und Netzhautstruktur der Sumpfohreule (Asio flammeus)

Summary Single flash and flicker electroretinograms were recorded for a nocturnal owl and the results discussed in terms of its retinal structure. The differences both in electrical response and in retinal structure between the owl and the pigeon were less than those found between nocturnal and diurnal mammals.     

Lauterzeugung und Schallwahrnehmung bei der Languste (Palinurus vulgaris)

Summary The sounds produced by the Spiny Lobster,Palinurus vulgaris, and their origin are briefly described. One animal reacted clearly to similar artificial sound stimuli, in some cases even vocally. Elimination of both statocysts had no influence on these reactions.     

Der Einfluss von Halothan und Chloroform auf die Feinstruktur und Proteinsynthese der Rattenleber

Summary Examinations by electron microscopic and autoradiographic techniques of whether chloroform and halothane alter protein synthesis in rat liver, demonstrate, that chloroform causes an early destruction of the granular endoplasmatic reticulum accompanied by a marked decrease of the protein synthesis in the centre of the acini. After anaesthesia with halothane, the granular endoplasmatic reticulum and the protein synthesis proved to remain unaffected.     

Die Wirkung von synthetischem Oxytocin (Syntocinon) und Acetazolamid auf die Ausscheidung von Wasser,Natrium und Kalium

Summary Changes in water, sodium, and potassium excretion following administration of synthetic oxytocin (Syntocinon)—alone or in combination with acetazolamide— resemble the changes that occur after an equivalent dose of neurohypophysial extract containing oxytocin. Since the action of Syntocinon on water and sodium excretion is manifest when carbonic anhydrase in kidney tissue is fully inhibited by acetazolamide, it may be assumed that the mechanism whereby Syntocinon increases sodium excretion is independent of carbonic anhydrase. Oxytocin does not affect ultrafiltration in the glomeruli (Krause ⁴) and would therefore appear to modify the reabsorption or excretion process in the tubuli.     

Artbastarde in der GattungTilapia (Cichlidae,Teleostei) und ihr Verhalten

Summary The young ofTilapia mossambica (mouth-brooder) show a characteristic contact-behaviour, which is related to the behaviour of the mother fish, who takes them back into the mouth cavity in cases of disturbance. This contacting is lacking in the young ofTilapia tholloni (substrate spawner). Contacting, as studied in our experiments with models, is genetically determined and is dominant over thetholloni pattern in the crossT. mossambica ×T. tholloni .     

Synthese und absolute Konfiguration von (-)-2-Dehydroemetin

Summary Evidence for the absolute configuration of (-)-2-dehydroemetine (IV) is presented.

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Über die Darstellung der in dieser Mitteilung erwähnten vier optisch aktiven 2-Dehydroemetin-Isomeren und das Resultat ihrer chemotherapeutischen Untersuchung wird in Helv. chim. Acta ausführlich berichtet werden.     

Proteinzuwachs und Glukoseaufnahme isolierter Myokardzellen von Hühnchenembryo und Ratte in der Primärkultur

Summary Primary cultures of isolated myocardial cells of the chicken embryo (Ch) and of the new-born rat (R) present a characteristic behaviour of an increase of protein synthesis and glucose uptake: while in the Ch the increase of protein synthesis exceeds, in the R a high glucose uptake is shown. Both processes could be influenced by insulin.     

Kinetik der hepatischen Farbstoffaufnahme von Indocyaningrün. Einfluss von Bilirubin und Natriumglykocholat

Summary Kinetics of hepatic uptake of indocyanine green, a dye which is used for evaluation of liver function, were studied in the rat. The results indicate that the relationship between ICG-dose and initial hepatic dye uptake obeys Michaelis-Menten kinetics suggesting an interaction of the dye with a carrier or fixed site in the liver cell. Thus it was possible to calculate maximum ICG-uptake (v _max ) and the Michaelis constant (K _m ) of this transport system from several submaximal values.v _max was 7.65 (6-06-9.65)²² mg per 100 g liver/min and K _m 0.56 (0.31–0.81)²². Under the influence of substances which inhibit the elimination of dyes by the liver the parametersv _max and K _m showed changes which allowed characterization of the type of inhibition. While sodium glycocholate had no influence on maximum hepatic ICG-uptake and the Michaelis constant bilirubin caused a significant increase of K _m to 1.29 (0.68–1.90)²² without significantly changingv _max . These data suggest that bilirubin interferes with hepatic uptake of indocyanine green by competitive inhibition and that uptake of bile acids is dependent on a different mechanism.     

Quantitativer Nachweis eines Abbaus von Zellulose und Lignin in der rollkranken Rebe

Summary In leafroll-diseased grapevines, lignine and cellulose decompose anomalously. Therefore leaves and shoots of these vines curl characteristically down and inward. As a specific intermediate product, 4-methyl-d-glucuronic acid has been identified. The decomposition increases proportionally to the progress of the infection.