闽南毛竹林的生物量和生产力

首次研究了福建毛竹群落的生物量和生产力。样地设于闽南的南靖和溪高才，结果表明，毛竹群落１９９０年现存量为８２８９ｇ／ｍ＾２，其中毛竹种群生物量为７７９４ｇ／ｍ＾２（占９４．０３％），林下灌木草本的生物量为４９５ｇ／ｍ＾２（占５．９７％），生物量在毛竹种群各组分中的分配为竹杆４５７２ｇ／ｍ＾２（占５８．６７％）＞竹根１３４４ｇ／ｍ＾２（占１７．２５％）＞竹枝８３４ｇ／ｍ＾２（占１０．７０％）＞竹鞭７     

毛竹群落能量动态的研究

研究了毛竹群落的能量动态,结果表明,1990年南靖和溪高才的毛竹群落地上部能量现存量为112309kJ/m~2,其中竹杆为88207kJ/m~2(占78.54％),枝为15566kJ/m~2(占 13.85％),叶为4595kJ/m~2(占4.09％),林下植物为3951kJ/m~2(占3.52％),毛竹标准样竹的样品中,杆、枝、叶的干重热值分别为19293J/g,18652J/g和18234J/g,群落能量在垂直分布的配置上为金字塔型的能量结构,5m以下能量现存量占地上部的52.23％,往上逐渐减少。     

福建东山县赤山滨海沙地厚荚相思林与湿地松林生物量和能量的研究

对滨海沙土的厚荚相思林与湿地松林生物量和能量进行了研究,结果表明:1)厚荚相思林现存生物量为 149.51t/hm2,其中干占总量的57.83%,根系占总量的12.82%,地上部分生物量是地下部分生物量的 6.81 倍;各组分干质量热值在19.98~23.48 kJ/g之间,整个林分平均干质量热值为20.59 kJ/g,能量现存量为3 079.16×106 kJ/hm2;2)湿地松林现存生物量为142.22 t/hm2,干占总量的35.35%,根占总量的32.88%,地上部分生物量是地下部分生物量的2.04倍;各组分干质量热值在20.53~21.54 kJ/g,整个林分平均干质量热值为21.00 kJ/g,能量现存量为2 986.28×106 kJ/hm2.3)厚荚相思和湿地松根系发达,可以克服沙地养分贫瘠,树干所占比例大,起着很好的防风效果,总体上有着较高的现存生物量;整个林分的平均热值高,反映厚荚相思和湿地松高的太阳能利用率,从这些特性可知它们对沿海沙地有很好的适应性,并起着很好的改善沿海沙地生态环境和提高生物多样性的作用.     

武汉天河机场狗尾草群落生物量的调查

采用收获法，测定了武汉天河机场狗尾群落（Stearia viridis community) 的现存量，样方1号，2号，和3号的地上现存量（干重）分别为329．1g/m^2,262.6g/m^2和227．3g/m^2，地下现存量（干重）分别为14．9g/m^2,30.8g/m^2和32．6g/m^2，各样方现存量和物种丰富度指数计算的结果表明：狗尾草群落的生长期较短，但生长迅速，夏季生长旺盛，株高可达100cm以上，不同地段，不同季节群落伴生种有较大变化，且群落土壤不同层的属性指标虽有不同，但均适宜狗尾草生长。     

东南滨海沙地主要造林树种的生物量与能量

应用GR-3500型氧弹式热值仪测定了福建省东山县赤山林场木麻黄林、厚荚相思林和湿地松林的能量现存量,结果表明:木麻黄林现存生物量为156.82 t/hm2,各组分热值(总能量与总生物量的比值)处于19.84～21.70 kJ/g,整个林分平均热值为20.26 kJ/g,能量现存量为3 177.95 GJ/hm2,干的能量最大占总量38.09%,果的能量最小占总量0.77%;厚荚相思林现存生物量为149.51 t/hm2,各组分干重热值为19.98～23.48 kJ/g,整个林分平均热值为20.59 kJ/g,能量现存量3 079.16 GJ/hm2,干的能量最大占总量57.67%,果的能量最小占总量3.06%;湿地松林现存生物量142.22 t/hm2,各组分干重热值处于20.53～21.54 kJ/g,整个林分平均热值为21.00 kJ/g,能量现存量为2 986.28 GJ/hm2,其中干的能量最大占总量35.08%,枯枝的最小.3树种林分具有较高的现存生物量、能量现存量、各组分热值和整体平均热值,体现出较高的太阳能利用率.可见从热值与生物量的角度看,木麻黄、厚荚相思和湿地松是海岸沙地造林的良好树种.     

黑石顶南亚热带常绿林生态系统能量现存量

分析了南亚热带常绿阔叶林生态系统各分室能量现存量的特征．结果表明：南亚热带森林生态系统的能量现存量集中分布在活有机体内，尤其是地上部分占植物群落总量的７９．６１％，这一点与热带森林相类似．土壤亚系统中有机质是森林群落环境能量现存量的主要贮存库，占整个地面及地下死有机物的９４．７３％．地面凋落物仅占全部地下死有机物能量现存量的３３．９８％，地下死根的能量现存量占６６．０２％     

厦门东屿白骨壤群落生物量和能量

讨论了厦门岛西海域海沧镇东屿的白骨壤群落的生物量和热值、群落各组分的能量分布状况。结果表明：该群落为单种组成的群落，其生物量现存量为４３４６．０９ｇ／ｍ￣２，各组分分配比是：侧根最多，占３６．０２％；多年生枝次之，占２１．４６％；幼枝较少，为０．３３％；幼苗根最少，仅占０．１１％。群落各组分干重热值相差较大，其中叶最高１８．２７ｋＪ／ｇ；主根居次，为１７．８５ｋＪ／ｇ。幼枝较低，１６．１１ｋＪ／ｇ；幼苗根最低为１３．９０ｋＪ／ｇ．群落的能量现存量为７０５５３ｋＪ／ｍ￣２，其中地上部占４７．５４％，地下部占５２．４６％。     

不同潮区矮大叶藻地上高度和覆盖度以及生物量的动态变化

于2006年3月到2007年2月，研究广西珍珠港交东海草床高潮区、中潮区、低潮区矮大叶藻（Zosterajaponica）地上高度、覆盖度和生物量的动态变化。结果表明：矮大叶藻地上高度4月最大（10．2cm），9月最小（4．3cm），平均6．8cm；平均覆盖度46．1％，3月最大（65．0％），9月最小（36．1％）；地上部分、地下部分的平均生物量分别为27．8g·m^-2和30．9g·m^-2平均4月最大，8月最小；地上高度、覆盖度及生物量低潮区〉中潮区〉高潮区，中潮区与整个海草床最相近；生物量与地上高度、覆盖度呈极显著正相关关系（P〈0．01）。     

不同混播组合草坪质量模糊—回归综合评价

运用三因素饱和最优原理和模糊综合评价方法，根据草坪密度、高度、质地、地上生物量、地下生物量、综合评分等六项指标，对以草地早熟禾为建群种，混播紫羊茅、多年生黑麦草的不同组合绿地草坪质量进行了模糊综合评价和回归成分析，模糊综合评价结果表明，在供试的11个混播组合中，当草地早熟禾占67％。紫羊茅占17％，多年生黑麦草占16％，总播种量为15．0g/m^2时，这一组合的模糊隶属度值最大，即第11组合为最佳组合，在模糊综合评价的基础上，把握模糊隶属度值作为因变量，建立了二次咽归模型，通过对回归模型进行寻优计算，得到最优解为：X＝－0．3499，X2＝－0．394，X＝0．271，Y－0．7988，即：草地早熟禾占62％，紫羊茅占20％，多年生黑麦草占18％，总播种量为14．5g.m^2，此结果接近于第11组合，与模糊综合评价结果相似，通过模糊－回归综合评价结果表明，在本试验的生境和管理条件下，在以山地早熟禾为建群种，混播紫羊茅、多年生黑麦草的最佳组合比例是草地早熟禾为9．1－10g/m^2，紫羊茅为2．5－2．6g/m^2，多年生黑麦草为2．5－2．8g/m^2，总播种量为14．5－15．5g/m^2，以这一组合建模的草坪在成坪初期，坪用综合性状最好。     

广西红海榄红树群落的能量研究

本文主要研究广西山口英罗湾红海榄植物各组分的热值、落叶热值月变化、群落能量现存量及群落年能量固定量,结果表明:红海榄植物各组分热值之间有一定差异,波动范围为17.28～18.67kJ/g,落叶热值10月份高达18.19kJ/g,2月份低至17.30kJ/g,与鲜叶相比,落叶热值的波动较小,红海榄群落的能量现存量为5.20×10~5kJ/m~2;无过凋落物带走的能量年总量为1.12×10~4kJ/m~2;该群落的年能量固定量为2.73×10~4kJ/m~2,其中群落年净增长的能量(存留量)为1.61×10~4kJ/m~2占总固定量的58.9％,而能量固定量中其余部分占41.1％,以凋落物的形式向环境输送,这些能量是海湾河口生态系统中其它生物赖以生存和发展的重要能量基础。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has