Grading Standards of the Coefficient of Variation in the Electronic Raw Silk Size Testing

In order to shorten the difference between the raw silk size grading standards of the world and that of China, to quicken the step of the electronic raw silk testing process, the distribution of the coefficient of variation （CV50m%） of the raw silk size in the electronic testing and the development of the new standards are studied according to the sampling and grading theory. By the theoretical deduction and the simulating experiments, the distribution of the coefficient of variation of the raw silk size is given, and the grading scheme whose quality index is the coefficient of variation（CV50m%）of the raw silk size and the grading precisions of all grades are proposed. Moreover, the rightness and the feasibility of the grading scheme are testified by the sampling and grading simulation.     

Water content in the early Cretaceous lithospheric mantle beneath the south-central Taihang Mountains: implications for the destruction of the North China Craton

Based on studies of the water content of the early Cretaceous Feixian high-magnesium basalts in the eastern part of the North China Craton （NCC）, it has been suggested that the early Cretaceous lithospheric mantle of the eastern NCC was highly hydrous （〉1,000 ppm, HeO wt.） and that this high water content had significantly reduced the vis- cosity of the lithospheric mantle and provided a prerequisite for the destruction of the NCC. The eastern part of the NCC had undergone multistage subduction of oceanic plates from the south, north, and east sides since the early Paleozoic, and these events may have caused the strong hydration of the NCC lithospheric mantle. To determine which subduction had contributed most to this hydration, we measured the water contents of the peridotite xenoliths hosted by the early Cretaceous high-magnesium diorites of Fushan in the south- central part of the Taihang Mountains. Our results demon- strate that the water content of the early Cretaceous litho- spheric mantle beneath the south part of the Taihang Mountains was ~ 40 ppm and significantly lower than that of the contemporary lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern part of the NCC. Thus, the hydration of the early Cretaceous lithospheric mantle of the eastern part of the NCC can be ascribed to the subduction of the Pacific plate from the west side. Thus, the main dynamic factor in the destruction of the NCC was likely the subduction of the Pacific plate.     

Research and design of the main equipments and structure of Xiangjiaba shiplift

The type of pinion and rack vertical shiplifts has been developed in recent a couple of years in the construction of dams. But the design methods and methodologies have rarely been discussed in literature. The Xiangjiaba shiplift is the second shiplift of this type following the Three Gorges shiplift. Being aimed at the technological rationality of the design in synthetically considering security, economy and applicability, this paper presents the research results of some vital issues relating the design of the Xiangjiaba shiplift, including the determination of design water depth of ship chamber based on fluid numeral computation and physical model test, the optimum design of general layout of main equipments and the civil structure of the Xiangjiaba shiplift, the finite element method （FEM） analysis of stress, vibration modes and the buckling of ship chamber, antiseismic research and the design of structures and mechanisms of the shiplift and the optimum design of driving mechanisms. This research provides the theoretical basis for the design of the Xiangjiaba shiplift. The design principles and research methods are valuable for the design of the same type of shiplifts.     

Resonant tunneling properties of photonic crystals consisting of single-negative materials

We studied the resonant tunneling properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals consisting of single-negative permittivity and single-negative permeability media using transfer matrix methods. The results show that there exists a pair of resonant tunneling modes in this structure. The separation of the pair of tunneling modes can be tuned by varying the ratio of thicknesses of the two single-negative layers or the thickness of the defect layer. The electric field intensity of the resonant tunneling modes increases rapidly with the increase of the ratio of thicknesses of the two single-negative layers. The peak value of the field intensity of the resonant tunneling modes is enhanced by one order of magnitude when the ratio of thicknesses of the two single-negative layers increases by 0.4. This property will be applied widely in the field of nonlinearity optics. With the increase of the ratio of thicknesses of the two single-negative layers, the electric field of the tunneling modes becomes more localized, and the full width at half maximum of the tunneling modes becomes narrower. Besides, the pair of tunneling modes is insensitive to incident angle and thickness fluctuation. These properties will be used for the design of tunable omnidirectional double-channel filter with high quality factor.     

Reliability analysis on bolt support structure of coal roadway under the influence of mining

Based on the features of the serious deformation of coal roadway, many random variables of the mechanics of the surrounding rocks and the influence of mining, the reliability analysis model of the support structure of coal roadway under the influence of mining is established, and the calculating formulas of reliability of the support structure is obtained with the engineering structure reliability theory. And the reliability is calculated based on the method of Monte Carlo to the coal roadway which is exampled on the influence of mining or not. The relationship between support parameters and reliability, the mining influence coefficients and reliability is established, which provides theory foundations for the design of the coal roadway bolt support.     

A new model for the grid size optimization of the finite element method --Based on its application to the water quality modeling of the topographically complicated river

The finite element method is one of the typical methods that are used for numerical water quality modeling of the topographically complicated river. In this paper, based on the principle of probability theory the probability density of pollutants is introduced. A new model for the grid size optimization based on the finite element method is developed with the incorporation of the maximum information entropy theory when the length of the grid is given. Combined with the experiential evaluation approach of the flow discharge per unit river width, this model can be used to determine the grid size of the finite element method applied to water quality modeling of the topographically complicated river when the velocity field of the river is not given. The calculating results of the application of the model to an ideal river testified the correctness of the model. In a practical case-the application of the model to the Xingjian River (the Hengyang section of the Xiangjiang River), the optimized width of the grid of the finite element method was gained and the influence of parameters was studied, which demonstrated that the model reflected the real situation of the pollutants in the river, and that the model had many excellent characteristics such as stabilization, credibility and high applicability in practical applications.     

Bergman kernel function on Hua construction of the fourth type

This paper introduces the Hua construction and presents the holomorphic automorphism group of the Hua construction of the fourth type. Utilizing the Bergman kernel function, under the condition of holomorphic automorphism and the standard complete orthonormal system of the semi-Reinhardt domain, the infinite series form of the Bergman kernel function is derived. By applying the properties of polynomial and Γ functions, various identification relations of the aforementioned form are developed and the explicit formula of the Bergman kernel function for the Hua construction of the fourth type is obtained, which suggest that many of the previously-reported results are only the special cases of our findings.     

Bergman kernel function on Hua construction of the fourth type

This paper introduces the Hua construction and presents the holomorphic automorphism group of the Hua construction of the fourth type.Utilizing the Bergman kernel function,under the condition of holomorphie automorphism and the standard complete or- thonormal system of the semi-Reinhardt domain,the infinite series form of the Bergman kernel function is derived.By applying the prop- erties of polynomial andΓfunctions,various identification relations of the aforementioned form are developed and the explicit formula of the Bergman kernel function for the Hua construction of the fourth type is obtained,which suggest that many of the previously-reported results are only the special cases of our findings.     

Method and its application of the momentum model for debris flow risk zoning

In order to ascertain the distribution of flow depth and veloctiy of debris flow,the the combination of numerical modeling and the GIS technology has been used to simulate the movement process of debris flow out of the outlet .The main model of momentum classification of risk zoning of debris flow is Z=Khv,Based on the distribution of the veloctiy and depth of debris flow ,the ditribution of momentum can be ascertained.Thereby the classification of risk zoning of debris flow can be worked out ,A case study of Chacatio Valley in Caracas,Venezuela,is presented to illus-trate the application of the method.     

An Experimental Investigation on Hydrostatic Extrusion of Tubes

Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of the specimens hydroextruded, we explore the effecis of the technology parameters on the rules of the metal-flow deformation. Visioplasticity method is applied to numerical analysis of tubes(or rods). Based on the results of numerical analysis, it is noticed that there is considerable tensile strain in the inner wall of the billet near the inner side of the outlet of the die. The place and the form of fractures are discussed. In analysing some groups of specimens with variable parameters, different materials and different heat-treatment techniques are used. It should be pointed out here that rules of axisymmetric laminal flow of metallic billets hydroextruded are dependent upon the material and mechanical boundary conditions. Such flow rules have influenced not only the stress fields of the deformation zone of billet, but also the distribution of residual stresses of the tube. The optimization of the parameters is also discussed.     

Effect of changes in flow runoff on the elevation of Tongguan in Sanmenxia Reservoir

This paper presents a study of the variation of the elevation of Tongguan, which is located in the backwater zone of the Sanmenxia Reservoir, in response to changes in flow runoff. The analysis indicated that the rise of the elevation of Tongguan, which is defined as the stage corresponding to a discharge of I000 m^3/s at Tongguan station, is controlled by the stream energy. A close relationship existed between the elevation of Tongguan and the superimposed stream energy that integrates the current and the preceding years‘ flow and dam operation conditions. When the flow runoff remains relatively constant and the pool level of the dam has a relatively large range of variations, then the elevation of Tongguan is primarily controlled by the dam operation conditions. On the other hand, if the flow runoff has a relatively large range of variations and the pool level of the dam remains relatively constant, then the elevation of Tongguan is primarily controlled by the flow conditions. These findings are of importance for optimizing the dam operation in order to lower and control the elevation of Tongguan, and therefore to minimize the backwater effect of the dam operation.     

Effects of the types of overlap on the mechanical properties of FSSW welded AZ series magnesium alloy joints

The effects of the types of overlap on the mechanical properties of the friction stir spot welding (FSSW) welded AZ series magnesium alloy joints were investigated by microstructural observations, microhardness tests, and tensile tests. The results show that the microstructure of the stir zone adjacent to the periphery of the rotating pin is mainly composed of the upper sheet. The average distance D between the longitudinal segment of the curved interface and the keyhole periphery, the tensile shear force, and the microhardness of the stir zone of the FSSW welded AZ61 alloy joint are the highest in all samples. During FSSW of AZ31 and AZ61 dissimilar magnesium alloys, the irregular deformation of the longitudinal segment of the curved interface appears, while the microhardness of the stir zone is higher when AZ61 alloy is the upper sheet. Moreover, the microhardness of the stir zone increases initially and then decreases sharply in the longitudinal test position.     

Fine structure and phase composition of Fe–14Mn–1.2C steel:influence of a modified mixture based on refractory metals

The effect of TiO_2,ZrO_2 and Na_3AlF_6 ultrafine powders on the fine structure and the phase composition of Fe–14Mn–1.2C steel was investigated.The introduction of the ultrafine powders into the melt influenced the grain size,the quantity,and the character of distribution of nonmetallic inclusions in the railroad frogs.The microstructure of castings was improved significantly because of the refinement of the grain structure and an increase of the grain-boundary area.After the modifying mixture was introduced into the melt,either the microtwins of one or two intersecting systems or the precipitations of ε-martensite of different types,or simultaneously the microtwins and wafers of ε-martensite,were present in each grain.     

二次结晶形成的具有增强光催化性能的镶嵌结构ZnO

Zinc acetate is used as a raw material to synthesize the desired ZnO in hot solvent by controlling the amount of citric acid (CA) added. Notably, the amount of CA added has a significant relationship with the control of the morphology of ZnO. Spherical ZnO wrapped in nanosheets is synthesized through the secondary crystallization of Zn2+. The optical properties of the ZnO sample are tested through the degradation of organic pollutants. Notably, the photocatalytic properties of ZnO vary with the different amounts of CA added. Exposure of the active crystal face increases the photocatalytic activity of ZnO. In addition, the number of defects on the surface of the ZnO sample increases because of its large specific surface area, thus changing the bandgap of ZnO. Therefore, the resulting sample can respond under visible light.     

A Biomechanical Analysis of the Techniques of Elite Chinese Male Long Jumpers

The purpose of this paper was to make sport-biomechanical analysis of the techniques of chinese elite male long jumpers. By using the data obtained from the computer processing of the film motion analyzer, authors found that the horizontal velocity of the chinese athletes is higher than that of the foreign athletes. But the vertical velocity, on the contrary, of the chinese athletes is lower than that of the foreign athletes. This is perhaps the reason why the results of the chinese long jumpers have not been satisfactory.     

Momnts and limiting distribution of a portfolio of whole life annuity pollcies

A dual random model of a portfolio of variable amount whole life anunity is set with the mth moment of the present value of benefits.and the respective expressions of the monments under the assumption that the force of interest accumulation fuction is Wiener process of Omstein-Uhlenbeck process,Furthermore,the limiting dstribution of average cost of this protfolio is discussed with the expression of the limiting distribution under the assumption that the force of interest accumulation is an independent increment process.     

Effect of ash on coal structure and combustibility

Four bituminous coals and one anthracite were used in this study. On the basis of the similar volatile matter contents of the four bituminous coals, the effects of ash in coal on the microstructure, carbonaceous structure, and chemical composition of pulverized coal were studied. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the effect of the addition of anthracite on the combustibility of four different bituminous coals. The results showed that with the increase of ash content in pulverized coal, the microstructure of carbon particles in coal was not much different. However, the analysis results of Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction pattern showed that as the ash content increased, the degree of graphitization of coal carbonaceous structure gradually decreased. The combustibility of the four bituminous coals were better than that of the anthracite. When bituminous coal and anthracite were mixed and burned, the combustibility of the mixed sample decreased as the ash content increased.     

Chronological record of the Early Mesozoic underplating in the northern margin of North China—U-Pb chronometry of zircons in the Late Mesozoic andesite from Western Liaoning

Cathodoluminescence spectroscopic analysis of zircons in the uppermost sanukites of the early Cretaceous Yixian Forma- tion in Western Liaoning reveals zoning structures of the zircons in the volcanic rocks. LA-ICP-MS chronometry shows that the central part of the zircons is remnant zircon with a U-Pb dating of 254 Ma,which is consistent with the age of the Early Mesozoic underplating granulites,and that the periphery is zircon crystallizing out of the host magma with a U-Pb dating of 116 Ma,which is highly consistent with the Ar-Ar dating of the host volcanic rocks.Compositions of the clinopyroxenes xenocrystals in the sanukites are similar to those of the clinopyroxenes in the underplating granulites,indicating that the granulites accreted to the lower crust in the Early Mesozoic have been reformed and disrupted by the upwelling diapers of the asthenosphere and taken part in formation of the sanukites in the Late Mesozoic.