盐酸处理对活性炭纤维吸附性能的影响

采用盐酸对活性炭纤维进行预处理,通过单因素实验和正交试验比较了不同处理条件对活性炭纤维的处理效果;通过碘吸附值研究处理前后活性炭纤维的吸附性能变化,通过低温液氮吸附表征活性炭纤维的比表面积及孔结构变化,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)表征活性炭纤维表面形貌及表面官能团的变化.实验结果表明,经盐酸处理后,活性炭纤维的吸附性能明显提高.且当盐酸质量分数为4%,振荡时间为50min时,其碘吸附值较原样提高24.89%,比表面积较原样增大27.45%,孔容由0.425 639mL·g-1增大为0.465 181mL·g-1,微孔数量增多;活性炭纤维表面形貌较原样变化不大,材料中的含氧官能团的吸收峰略微增强,苯环吸收峰逐渐消失.     

微波改性活性炭吸附1,2-二氯乙烷的性能研究

采用微波高温烧结炉分别在600℃,700℃和800℃下对商业活性炭进行改性,利用比表面积及孔径分析仪、Boehm滴定、傅立叶变换红外光谱比较分析活性炭的比表面积和孔结构、表面官能团等物化性质.以1,2-二氯乙烷为吸附质进行固定床吸附实验.研究表明:改性后活性炭表面酸性基团减少,碱性基团随温度升高增多;比表面积、孔容减小,微孔比表面积增加;活性炭对1,2-二氯乙烷的吸附量排序为:AC-800AC-700AC-600AC-0;灰色关联度分析结果表明:改性活性炭的物理结构特性对吸附量的影响大于表面基团;D-R模型和动力学模型拟合结果都表明活性炭对1,2-二氯乙烷的吸附主要为物理吸附.     

还原改性活性炭吸附染料废水及其吸附动力学

采用高温氮气、氨水还原改性椰壳活性炭,以增强活性炭表面的非极性。通过BET(Brunauer Eunett,Teller)比表面积、孔径分布、元素分析、FT-IR,零电荷点(pHpzc)等对改性活性炭的孔结构和表面化学性质进行表征。采用静态吸附实验研究了改性活性炭对染料废水的吸附性能。结果表明活性炭通过高温氮气、氨水还原改性能够提高活性炭的表面极性;;并且能够增加活性炭孔数量提高比表面积。500℃氮气氛围和15%氨水还原改性,活性炭的非极性吸附得到显著提高,比原料炭的脱色率提高了22.7%、19.1%;COD的去除率达到96.9%,96.3%。动力学研究表明,改性活性炭对染料废水的吸附符合准二级动力学模型。     

高比表面积水葫芦活性炭及对铅离子的吸附

以水葫芦为原料,采用多聚磷酸活化法制备水葫芦活性炭.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面积测定仪(BET)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)对活性炭进行表征,并将其用于吸附Pb(Ⅱ).结果表明:水葫芦活性炭其内部和表面存在着大量形态各异的孔隙,比表面积为1005.5m~2/g,平均直径为2.02nm;表面有羟基、磷酸基、羧基等基团,有利于对重金属离子的去除.水葫芦活性炭对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附动力学和吸附等温线分别符合Elovich和Langmuir等温吸附方程,吸附过程属于单分子层吸附,饱和吸附量为133.33mg/g.     

硝酸改性活性炭电极材料的电化学性能研究

以浓度为65%的硝酸对商品活性炭进行改性,利用傅里叶-红外光谱和N_2吸附-脱附仪分别表征改性前后活性炭电极材料的表面化学性质和孔结构参数,用循环伏安、恒流充放电和交流阻抗等电化学方法研究了它们在6 mol·L~(-1)KOH电解液中的电化学性能.结果表明,尽管改性活性炭的比表面积和孔径参数均有一定程度下降,但其比电容却增加,高达254.3 F·g~(-1),比改性前提高了18.0%.同时,活性炭的频率响应特性增强,电阻明显减小.     

活性炭在超声条件下碱洗和改性及对CO2的吸附研究

实验以椰壳颗粒活性炭为载体,活性炭在超声条件下经过碱洗后负载改性,用于吸附CO_2气体.研究在碱洗过程中的碱洗液浓度和超声时间对活性炭的清洗作用的影响,以及在改性过程中的搅拌时间、超声时间、改性剂对改性活性炭的吸附性能的影响,并采用热重分析、比表面积和孔径分析对碱洗后的活性炭、改性活性炭进行表征.结果表明:活性炭的碱洗条件是5 mol·L-1的KOH溶液,超声时间120 min;改性条件是搅拌时间30 min,超声时间100 min,10%(质量分数)的碳酸钾作为改性剂,对CO_2气体的吸附量达到1.5 mmol·g~(-1).研究表明:超声能够促进碱洗液在活性炭孔道中的分散效果,进而增强对活性炭的清洗作用;超声能使改性剂在孔道中良好分布,提高改性活性炭对CO_2气体的吸附性能.改性过程中,超声时间过长会导致孔道坍塌并颗粒破碎,致使吸附性能下降.     

掺氮TiO_2-活性炭复合吸附材料的制备与性能

通过浸渍法将制备的掺氮TiO2光催化剂负载到活性炭上制备掺氮TiO2-活性炭复合吸附材料,并对其吸附特性、可见光催化活性以及再生性能进行研究.结果表明:掺氮TiO2光催化剂具有较大的比表面积与良好的可见光吸收性能;活性炭对低浓度甲醛气体具有良好的吸附性能;掺氮TiO2的负载对活性炭颗粒的吸附性能影响甚微;掺氮TiO2-活性炭复合吸附材料具有优越的可见光再生性能,它实现了对低浓度挥发性有机化合物的吸附和光催化分解解耦,提高了活性炭的循环利用性能.     

改性活性炭吸附二氯乙烷性能

为探讨改性活性炭吸附有机气体性能的影响,商业活性炭分别经过1 mol/L的硝酸、盐酸、硫酸,600,700和800℃处理.通过Boehm滴定、傅式转换红外光谱(FTIR)、比表面积分析仪对活性炭样品的物化性质进行测试.以二氯乙烷为吸附质进行吸附实验研究,结果表明:酸改性样品的表面酸性官能团数量增加,热改性样品的表面碱性官能团数量增加;热改性比酸改性更有效的优化活性炭的孔结构;增大活性炭的理论有效孔容是提高二氯乙烷吸附量的有效途径,表面官能团的增加可以促进活性炭对二氯乙烷的吸附作用.     

微波及碱性溶液改性活性炭对丙酮吸附性能的影响

对商业活性炭分别经过600,700和800℃微波辐照加热处理,以及Na OH,Na2CO3和Na HCO3溶液浸渍处理。采用比表面积及孔径分析仪、Boehm滴定、傅里叶转换红外光谱(FTIR)对活性炭的物化性质进行表征,并且在10℃以丙酮为吸附质进行固定床吸附实验。研究结果表明:微波改性后,活性炭的比表面积、总孔容小幅度减小,但微孔比表面积显著增大;随着温度升高,表面酸性基团大量分解,碱性基团逐渐形成;碱性溶液改性后,比表面积和孔容均减小;改性溶液碱性越强,表面碱性基团总量越大,酸性基团完全被去除;丙酮吸附量与活性炭微孔孔容具有良好的线性相关性,吸附量与活性炭表面碱性基团的含量成反比;Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程均能较好地描述丙酮在活性炭上的吸附,Langmuir方程更加适合;吸附能与活性炭表面含氮官能团总量成正比。     

聚苯胺/活性炭复合材料制备及吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

采用活性炭作为多孔基体,利用化学氧化法在活性炭孔道内原位聚合沉积合成聚苯胺,制得用于高效去除水体Cr(Ⅵ)的聚苯胺/活性炭复合材料。利用N2吸附/脱附、红外光谱、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱等手段对材料结构和表面性质进行表征。结果表明,随着聚苯胺含量增加,所得复合材料活性炭孔道堵塞愈加显著,但表面氨基官能团数量增多,对水体中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除性能相应加强。温度为25℃,pH=1,复合材料加量为0.100 g条件下,最佳复合材料对100 mg/L K2Cr2O7溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率可达99.26%,循环使用6次后,去除率依然为92.32%。吸附模型研究表明,聚苯胺/活性炭复合材料吸附Cr(Ⅵ)过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和准二级动力学模型。     

Protein adsorption on materials surfaces with nano-topography

Protein adsorption behavior on the surfaces of biomedical materials is highly related to the biocom- patibility of the materials. In the past, numerous research reports were mainly focused on the effect of chemical components of a material’s surface on protein adsorption. The effect of surface topography on protein adsorption, the topic of this review, has recently received keen interest. The influence of surface nano-topographic factors, including roughness, curvature and geometry, on protein adsorption as well as the protein adsorption behavior, such as the amount of protein adsorbed, the activity and morphology of adsorbed protein, is introduced.     

Glass and cellulose acetate fibers-supported boehmite nanosheets for bacteria adsorption

In this work, in situ method of producing hybrid fibrous adsorbents in which boehmite nanosheets with high sorption properties formed on the surface of hydrophilic microfibres, such as cellulose acetate and glass fibre,was described. The boehmite nanosheets were fabricated by the reaction of composite Al N/Al nanoparticles with water at 60 °C. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR), zeta-potential and specific surface area analyzers. The introduction of microfibres into a diluted aqueous suspension of nanopowders causes heteroadagulation of the nanoparticles and accelerates their further transformation. This effect is most substantial with the glass microfibre, which is thought to have a higher concentration of surface groups capable of generating hydrogen bonds that act as heteroadagulation and nucleation centres. The experimental results showed that the morphology of the resultant hybrid fibrous adsorbents differed accordingly: the nanosheets were attached on-edge to the glass microfibre surface, while on the surface of the cellulose acetate microfibre,they were secured in the form of spherical "nanoflowers" of agglomerated nanosheets. The effect of the morphology of hybrid fibrous adsorbents on adsorption bacteria Escherichia coli was also investigated.     

纳米碳酸钙湿法表面改性的研究及其机理探讨

研究了脂肪酸盐改性纳米碳酸钙的湿法工艺及其影响因素,对改性效果进行了表征,确定了最佳改性时间(30～40 min)、改性温度(40～50 ℃)和改性剂用量(3%～5%).同时,采用红外光谱、TEM对改性后的纳米碳酸钙进行了表征,红外谱图表明脂肪酸盐通过离子键形式吸附在碳酸钙表面;TEM表明改性前后碳酸钙粒子尺寸基本没有变化.最后,简要分析了其改性机理,认为二阶段模型能够较好地解释吸附历程.     

低浓度萘在SBA-15上吸附等温线推算

为了获取低挥发性有机物的吸附等温线,基于Langmuir方程,提出一种推算低浓度低挥发性有机物的吸附等温线的方法.脱附活化能由改进的程序升温脱附模型进行动力学分析获得,由此获得的Langmuir方程中的平衡常数B,较经典程序升温脱附模型求算值更接近本征值,且不受是否发生再吸附现象影响;饱和吸附量可结合吸附剂表征结果可得到.此方法应用于低浓度萘在SBA-15上的吸附等温线的推算,脱附活化能为58.37 kJ·mol-1,平衡常数为0.01149 Pa-1,饱和吸附量为55.11 mg·g-1,相对误差约5%,与实验值较好吻合.     

聚丙烯膜表面氨基化及对纳米金的吸附

合成了一端带有蒽醌基团另一端带有氨基基团的光敏性小分子——蒽醌-己二胺,在其浓度为6.6mmol/L、光强8.5mW/cm2、光照时间为15m in的反应条件下,对流延聚丙烯薄膜(CPP)进行了表面改性;进一步研究了改性CPP对纳米金的吸附性能,并用扫描电镜表征了改性CPP吸附纳米金后的表面形貌。结果表明,对CPP进行表面氨基化改性后,它的水接触角由原来的103.5°变为68.2°,其表面亲水性得到了很大改善。光照时间对接触角也有影响,前2m in内,接触角随时间的变化比较显著,之后,随着光照时间的增长,接触角的变化就渐趋平缓。吸附纳米金后,改性CPP的表面出现了分布较均匀的颗粒形貌,与空白CPP相比,其对纳米金的吸附能力得到显著提高。     

碳纤维的丙烯酸电聚合涂层及其复合材料的界面

丙烯酸10%水溶液,于25℃下,经电引发后在碳纤维表面发生聚合反应。采用FT-IR、~(13)C-NMR、XPS、SME和元素分析等方法对所发生的电聚合反应和成为涂层的高聚物进行了表征和鉴定。结果表明:涂层/碳纤维界面粘合层中存在物理吸附和化学键合或端聚物。而涂层/基体界面层是化学键合。     

Synthesis of MgO-Modified mesoporous silica and its adsorption performance toward CO2

The mesoporous silica modifed with magnesium ox- ide （MgO） was syntbesized by one step method and impregnating method, respectively. The samples were characterized by small angle X-Ray diffraction （XRD）, N2 adsorption-desorption and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and the carbon dioxide adsorption capacity was analyzed by thermal gravimetric analysis （TGA）. Compared with the original mesoporous silica （20.7 mg/g）, the CO2 adsorption capacity of MgO-modified mesoporous silica processed by one step method increases to 32.9 mg/g. Although its surface area greatly decreases compared with that of the original mesoporous silica, the MgO-modified mesoporous silica prepared by impregnating reaches an adsorptive value of 31.1 mg/g because the number of basic sites increases on the surface of the mesoporous silica.     

Graphene-manganese oxide hybrid porous material and its application in carbon dioxide adsorption

Graphene-Mn3O4 (GMNO) hybrid porous material is prepared by a hydrothermal method and its performance in carbon dioxide adsorption is investigated.In the synthesis of the GMNO materials,MnO(OH)2 colloid obtained by the hydrolysis of Mn 2+ in basic solution was using as the precursor of the Mn3O4.After a hydrothermal reaction of the mixture of graphene oxide (GO) and MnO(OH)2,GO was reduced into graphene and the MnO(OH)2 was transformed into Mn3O4 with enhanced crystallization.X-ray diffraction,thermal gravimetric analysis,transmission electron microscopy,infrared spectra and Raman spectroscopy were taken to characterize the hybrid material.The porosity and the carbon dioxide adsorption ability are measured by gas sorption analysis,in which the as-prepared GMNO hybrid materials exhibit a specific surface area ranging from 140 to 680 m2g-1 and a maximum carbon dioxide capacity of about 11 wt%.     

Hydrotalcite-supported Pd-Cu catalyst for nitrate adsorption and reduction from water

With the rapid development of industry and agricul- ture, the nitrate contamination in groundwater becomes increasingly serious in many countries [1]. Therefore, the remediation of nitrate-contaminated groundwater is one of the targets urgently confronted…     

SBA-15基功能材料吸附应用研究进展

介孔SBA-15分子筛因具有较大的孔径、较高的比表面积和较厚的孔壁,在催化、吸附、分离、药物控释以及化学传感等领域得到广泛的应用。介绍了介孔分子筛的发展过程,并着重就SBA-15基功能材料在吸附应用方面的研究状况进行概述,最后展望了SBA-15功能材料未来的发展方向与应用前景。