碳酸氢钠热分解反应非等温动力学研究

本文提出一个热分析反应动力学的验证方程式。用热重法(TG)结合微商热重法(DTG)与等温实验,从判断固相反应机理入手,研究了常压下碳酸氢钠热分解反应的动力学与机理。实验表明,其反应属于Avrami-Erofeev的核生成与核成长为控制步骤的A_(1.5)机理。动力学方程式为:da/dt=7.57×10~8×e~(-86.6×10~3)J/(RT){3/2(1-a)[-ln(1-a)]~(1/3)}。表观活化能E为86.6kJ·mol~(-1),频率因子A为7.57×10~8s~(-1),两者补偿关系为:lnA=0.287E-4.44。     

β-环糊精与常用的两种光谱探针包络作用对比研究

采用紫外可见吸收光谱法研究了β-环糊精与酚酞及甲基橙的包络作用。结果表明β-环糊精与客体形成1:1的超分子包络物,包络物的稳定常数分别为1.30×10~4L/mol、1.58×10~3L/mol。包结率及包络模式将影响吸收光谱的变化趋势。主客体间疏水相互作用和范德华力是形成超分子包络物的主要驱动力,氨键影响包络物的稳定性.     

诺氟沙星与牛血清白蛋白结合作用研究

应用荧光光谱法研究了水溶液中诺氟沙星和牛血清白蛋白的相互作用 ,测得该反应的结合常数K =9.92× 1 0 4 L/mol,结合位点数n =0 .85.实验结果表明 ,诺氟沙星和牛血清白蛋白分子间有较强的结合作用 ,且只形成一个位点数 .由此可见 ,诺氟沙星在体内可以被蛋白质所储存和转运 .     

溴甲酚绿与牛血清白蛋白变色反应机理的研究

利用光谱法研究了溴甲酚绿(BCG)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)在酸性条件下变色反应机理,考察了不同实验条件对BCG-BSA复合物吸收光谱的影响,提出了一些合理的解释.结果表明,BCG与BSA分子相互作用产生变色反应的机理主要是由BCG与BSA间的疏水相互作用引起的.     

用化学平衡法研究Fe—Nb—C熔体的热力学

CO—CO_2混合气与Fe—Nb—C熔体和NbO_2(s)的平衡实验是在Al_2O_3或ZrO_2坩埚中进行的。实验表明,在1073～1273K间的低温下产生碳沉积是不可避免的。熔体上方的气相氧分压用固体电解质电池测定。与熔体中Nb成平衡的氧化物被确定为NbO_2(s)。测得1823K时反应[Nb]+O_2=NbO_2(s)的平衡常数K=6.31×10~(10),因此,可得反应的标准自由能: ΔG°=-377150(J/mol)求出了碳对Nb和Nb对碳的活度相互作用系数为: e~C_(Nb)=-0.74;e~(Nb)_C=-0.092     

抗坏血酸在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上电极过程的研究

运用循环伏安(CV)法、计时电量法和稳态极化曲线法研究了抗坏血酸(AA)在多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极(MWCNT/GCE)上的电化学行为.实验表明:AA在MWCNT/GCE上的电极过程为扩散控制的不可逆过程,其极限扩散电流id为1.500×10-5A,扩散系数D0为1·634×10-5cm2/s,标准电极电势时的电极反应速率常数ks为1·694×10-3?/s.     

O(~3P)原子与环戊酮的二级反应速率常数测定

我们用流动微波放电—化学发光方法首次测定了O(~3p)原子与环戊酮分子在303—503K温度范围内的反应速率常数,反应速率常数与温度关系为k=3.79±1.41×10~(-11)exp(-18.6±1.5kJ·mol~(-1)/RT)cm~3·molecule~(-1)·s~(-1)O(~3p)原子由流动微波放电产生,利用检测其与NO反应生成NO_2~*的化学发光强度的方法来检测O(~3p)浓度。此外,还就这类反应速率常数与环形分子结构关系进行了讨论。     

过氧化氢-硫脲引发丙烯酰胺与玉米淀粉接枝共聚反应规律的研究——乙烯基类单体与淀粉的接枝共聚反应(Ⅷ)

以H_2O_2-硫脲(TU)氧化还原引发体系,研究了丙烯酰胺与玉米淀粉的接枝共聚反应规律。实验结果表明,当〔H_2O_2〕=1.60×10~(-3)mol/L、〔TU〕=8.0×10~(-4)mol/L、〔AM〕=1.0 mol/L,pH=5,45℃反应5h,单体转化率、接枝率和接枝效率都较高。     

L-半胱氨酸自组装膜修饰电极对抗坏血酸的电催化氧化及其分析应用

研究了L-半胱氨酸自组装膜修饰电极(L-Cys/Au SANs)的制备方法和其电化学行为,发现该电极对抗坏血酸(AA)具有明显的电催化氧化作用,在pH 4.03的BR缓冲溶液中,AA在L-半胱氨酸自组装膜修饰电极上产生一灵敏的氧化峰,峰电流与AA浓度分别在8.0×10-7-8.0×10-6mol·L-1和4.0×10-5-4.0×10-4 mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.997 0和0.996 7,检测限为1.6×10-7mol·L-1.该方法可用于AA的测定.     

腐植酸吸水性树脂的合成及性能研究

以腐植酸(HmA)和丙烯酸(AA)为原料,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,采用自由基共聚反应,通过正交实验合成出了多孔型的腐植酸吸水性树脂(HmA-PAA).研究了多种因素对腐植酸吸水性树脂吸水倍率的影响.其较佳的合成工艺条件为m(NaHm溶液)∶m(AA)=1.65~1.70;n(APS)∶n(AA)=(0.8~1.1)×10-3;n(MBA)∶n(AA)=(0.3~0.5)×10-3;NaOH中和度为75%;反应温度为65℃;反应时间2 h.实验结果表明:合成出的HmA-PAA对蒸馏水和生理盐水(w为0.9%的NaCl水溶液)的吸水能力分别达到650 g/g和52 g/g.与相同条件下所合成的聚丙烯酸吸水性树脂相比,由于腐植酸分子的引入,有效地提高了聚丙烯酸盐类体系吸水、耐盐及耐温能力,具有较高的使用价值.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.