高温酿酒融合株AY023酒精发酵条件研究（Ⅰ）

酿酒酵母Ａ００１与克鲁维酵母Ｙ０３４进行属间原生质体融合，得到融合株ＡＹ０２３，该株具双亲优良性状，在４５℃条件下，通过优化发酵基质成分，以１５％的葡萄糖浓度进行厌氧发酵产酒率７％，为理论产率的９１．５％。     

镁改型蛭石对铵离子的交换性能

对经人工改型所得的镁型蛭石进行了铵离子交换性能的研究．在不同pH值下测定了镁型蛭石对NHr的全交换容量，在不同温度下测定了样品的平衡等温线．结果表明，镁型蛭石对NH4^ 的交换总量随pH值的变化而波动，在pH值为7时其交换总量为59．32mmol／100g，其选择性随温度的降低而升高，这为蛭石作为一种新型填料提供了一定的理论依据。     

腐殖质与Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Ni~(2+)的络合作用及其在农业中的应用

用电位滴定法研究腐殖酸FA和HA与金属离子(Ca2+、Mg2+、Co2+、Ni2+)的络合作用,发现它们与金属离子形成的络合物比较稳定,在溶液中的络合形成常数可通过作图法获得 随着溶液中金属离子浓度的增大,络合形成常数减小,同时发现FA与金属离子的络合形成常数比HA的大 腐殖酸是土壤肥力高低的一个重要标志,在农业应用中具有重要作用     

Effect of Aβ1-40 on membrane permeability and intracellular free Ca2+ of nerve cells

The effects of soluble and fibrillar Aβ1-40 on membrane permeability and intracellular free Ca2+ of nerve cells were investigated by the laser confocal microscopy. Results indicate that: i) Effects of soluble and fibrillar Aβ1-40 on cell membrane permeability are both concentration-de- pendent. Soluble Aβ1-40 increases membrane permeability only at concentration of 3 ?mol/L, while the toxic effect of fibrillar Aβ1-40 is much stronger, its evident effect begins from 1 ?mol/L. When its concentration rose to 3 ?mol/L, not only the membrane permeability increased, but also the nuclear membrane broke seriously. ii) Both soluble and fibrillar Aβ1-40 at high concentrations increased the intracellular free Ca2+, and the increased amplitudes are concentration-dependent. However, the fibrillar one induces the increase of intracellular Ca2+ much quicker and synchronously. These results indicate that some correlation exists between the neurotoxicity of high concentration soluble and fibrillar Aβ1-40 and the change of physico-chemical properties and intracellular Ca ion imbalance.     

自絮凝酵母细胞膜脂肪酸影响乙醇激活 ATP 酶

首次揭示酵母菌细胞膜磷脂脂肪酸组成对影响质膜ATP酶对乙醇刺激的响应.实验结果表明,细胞膜磷脂脂肪酸组成特点,对生长于未添加乙醇条件下的自絮凝酵母的质膜ATP酶活性没有影响,但却明显影响生长于添加乙醇(体积分数为0.01～0.10)的菌体质膜ATP酶对乙醇激活的敏感性.预培养于添加0.6 mmol·L-1棕榈酸、亚油酸或亚麻酸条件下,菌体质膜ATP酶的最大激活水平分别为各自酶的基态水平(未激活)的3.6,1.5和1.2倍,而对照组(预培养于未添加脂肪酸条件下的菌体)的相应值为2.3倍.酶激活后,米氏常数Km、最适pH和对质膜ATP酶特异性抑制剂钒酸钠的敏感性等性质不变,但最大反应速度Vmax明显增加.实验结果还表明,细胞膜磷脂脂肪酸组成特点对提高菌体的耐乙醇能力越有利,其质膜ATP酶被乙醇激活的幅度越大,说明菌体耐乙醇能力的提高,与其质膜ATP酶对乙醇激活的敏感性的增加密切相关.     

醋酸纤维素组合液膜迁移Cd2+的研究

论文用醋酸纤维素膜为固体支撑体,研究了镉离子在三辛胺-仲辛醇-二甲苯组合液膜体系中的迁移.考察了料液相和膜相搅拌速率、料液相H+和Cl-浓度、载体浓度、膜溶剂对镉离子迁移的影响,选择了迁移的最佳条件.迁移10 h后,含100 mg/L镉离子料液迁移率达98.5%,回收率达96.5%.当三辛胺浓度发生变化时,对镉离子传输的动力学过程进行分析,建立了镉离子传输的动力学方程并进行了验证.料液中氯离子浓度发生变化时,动力学方程同样成立.     

铜对小麦根质膜H+-ATPase活性的影响

用两相法提取小麦根质膜微囊,研究了铜对质膜H -ATPase活性的影响.硫酸铜(CuSO4)抑制小麦根质膜H -ATPase的活性,其作用具有浓度依赖性.金属离子螯合剂乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA-Na2,200μmol.L-1)可以完全消除CuSO4对H -ATPase活性的抑制效应.检测硫代巴比妥酸反应物质(TBARS)的相对含量,结果显示Cu2 的加入使质膜微囊产生了较多的TBARS,表明Cu2 作用导致细胞膜发生较强的氧化损害.实验结果表明,CuSO4可以减弱小麦根质膜H -ATPase的活性,此效应是由Cu2 引起的;此外,Cu2 导致质膜微囊产生较强的膜脂过氧化.     

Molecular characterization of GmNHX2, a Na＋/H＋ antiporter gene homolog from soybean,and its heterolosous expression to improve salt tolerance in Arabidopsis

Na＋/H＋ antiporters have been well documented to enhance plant salt tolerance by regulating cellular ion homeostasis. Here, a putative Na＋/H＋ antiporter gene homolog GmNHX2 from soybean was cloned and predicted to encode a protein of 534 amino acids with 10 putative transmembrane domains. GmNHX2 was expressed in all soybean plant tissues but enriched in roots and its expression was induced by NaCI and polyethylene glycol （PEG） treatments. GmNHX2 exhibits greater sequence similarity with LeNHX2 and AtNHX6 than that of AtNHX1 and AtSOS1. Although phylogenetic analysis clustered GmNHX2 with organellar （tonoplast and vesicles） antiporters, the GmNHX2-EGFP （enhanced green fluorescent protein） fusion protein was possibly localized in the plasma membrane or organelle membrane of transgenic plant cells, Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing GmNHX2 were more tolerant to high NaCl concentrations during germination and seedling stages when compared with wild-type plants. These results suggest that GmNHX2 is a membrane Na＋/H＋ antiporter and may function to regulate ion homeostasis under salt stress.     

磷矿脱镁废水中Mg2+的离子交换动力学研究

用对数经验模型描述了磷矿脱镁废水中Mg2+在001×7×7型强酸铵型离子交换树脂上的有限浴离子交换动力学,Mg2+-NH4+交换过程属扩散控制,Mg2+的表观反应级数为0.70,活化能为23.99 kJ/mol.     

铂电极对非电对离子Zn2+、Co2+、Ni2+的瞬时响应信号

用活度阶梯变化测量了铂电极对Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋的瞬时响应信号,进一步证实了平衡时离子交换产物的摩尔分数Ｓｅｑ值对瞬时响应信号类型的影响。     

木榄细胞膜Na~+/H~+逆向运输蛋白BgSOS1功能的初步验证

根据木榄BgSOS1的序列信息从木榄中克隆到了全长的BgSOS1基因,该片段包含1个3 462 bp的开放阅读框,可编码1 153个氨基酸的多肽.生物信息学的分析结果表明:该氨基酸序列所编码的蛋白与拟南芥、番茄、水稻、小麦、盐芥和杨树的SOS1蛋白高度同源,同源性分别为63.86%,66.61%,62.18%,60.19%,63.97%和75.97%;BgSOS1蛋白的N端含有12个跨膜的结构域,C端为1个较长的胞内结构域.尽管单个BgSOS1的表达并不能提高转基因酵母的抗盐性,但SOS1,SOS2和SOS3共表达的酵母,其抗盐性明显提高,这表明SOS2/SOS3蛋白激酶复合体可能通过调控BgSOS1的Na+/H+交换功能来提高木榄的抗盐机理.