栽培棉(4X)与斯特提棉(2X)种间杂种F_1的细胞学的研究

本研究分析了陆地棉[Gossypium hirsrtum L.,2n=4x=52,(AD)1]×斯特提棉[G.sturtianum willis,2n=2x=26,C_1]和海岛棉[G.barbadense L.,2n=4x=52,(AD2)]×斯特提棉二个种间杂种F_1花粉母细胞减数分裂时的染色体行为,并观测了杂种F_1的花粉粒大小和生活力。根据各杂交组合染色体配对表现,讨论了这些棉种间的亲缘关系和棉花种间杂种的利用问题。     

苞叶杜鹃离体培养及种质试管保存体系的建立

以苞叶杜鹃新生嫩芽为外植体,应用均匀设计法筛选其最适合的培养基,建立了苞叶杜鹃的离体培养和种质试管保存体系。结果表明：适合苞叶杜鹃基部直接再生芽苗的诱导培养基为DR+TDZ(1.80 mg/L)+IBA(005 mg/L),此条件下芽苗分化率为100%;生根培养基为MS(改良)+IBA(0.08 mg/L)+NAA(0.02 mg/L)+KT(0.15 mg/L),这一条件下芽苗生根率达99%以上;试管保存培养基为1/7MS+B9(1.30 mg/L)+根皮苷(2.80 mg/L),常温条件下保存时间超过35个月。以苞叶杜鹃再生植株茎节为材料进行快繁的结果表明,在35 d的培养周期内,平均增殖倍数超过55倍。     

Fine mapping of the red plant gene R_1 in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Sub 16 is a substitution line with G. hirsutum cv. TM-1 genetic background except that the 16th chro-mosome (Chr. 16) is replaced by the corresponding homozygous chromosome of G. barbadense cv. 3-79, and T586 is a G. hirsutum multiple gene marker line with 8 dominant mutation genes. The R1 gene for anthocyanin pigmentation was tagged in Chr. 16 in T586. The objective of this research was to screen SSR markers tightly linked with R1 by using the F2 segregating population containing 1259 plants derived from t...     

上海多功能花卉种质资源数据库的建立与应用前景

通过资源调查,收集了上海市常见花卉种质的相关资料,用现代信息发展的数据管理技术,研究设计软件,组织构建了一个界面友好、操作方便、通用性强的花卉种质资源数据库系统,并在此基础上,对数据库研究了互动性、商业性、职业培训的应用前景.     

陆地棉LTR反转录转座子的数量分布与功能分析

LTR(Long terminal repeat)反转录转座子是真核生物基因组中普遍存在的一类遗传因子,它们以RNA为媒介在基因组中不断自我复制.在高等植物中,LTR反转录转座子是基因组的重要成分之一.本研究通过多种方法挖掘并注释了陆地棉基因组中的LTR反转录转座子,结果表明陆地棉基因组LTR反转录转座子的Gypsy超家族与基因的分布呈近似的反比关系,而Copia超家族在各染色体的起始端有较多的分布.通过皮尔森相关系数发现陆地棉LTR反转录转座子的拷贝数与染色体大小之间有强相关性.在LTR反转录转座子上游和下游分布的基因具有类似的富集特征,其分子功能主要集中在结合和催化活性等方面.本研究结果加深了对陆地棉LTR反转录转座子的认识,为深入研究棉花基因组提供了重要数据支撑.     

马尾松种质资源生长及开花特性评价

对1997年营建在福建省邵武卫闽国有林场13年生的马尾松种质资源库进行调查分析,评价马尾松种质资源生长、雌雄花量性状。结果表明:不同种质材料间生长差异较大;收集的第2代种质其树高、胸径、自然整枝能力显著优于第1代种质,冠幅、分枝角度显著小于第1代种质;材用种质的生长及自然整枝能力明显优于高产脂种质,冠幅、分枝角度明显小于高产脂种质。种源子代开花最多,其次为优树子代;按纸浆材及建筑材定向培育为选育目标的子代生长量和生物量较大,但开花量最低。经过评价,537份马尾松种质资源被划分为综合表现优秀、中等、较差、差共4种类型,其中综合表现优异的种质计84份。     

Characterization, development and exploitation of EST-derived microsatellites in Gossypium raimondii Ulbrich

COTTON IS AN IMPORTANT GLOBAL CASH CROP. IN THE RECENTYEARS, MOLECULAR MARKER TECHNOLOGY HAS BEEN WIDELY APPLIED TO SUCH STUDIES ON COTTON AS GENETIC MAP- PING[1―4], VARIETY PURITY DETECTION[5], GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS[6], MOLECULAR MARKER-ASSISTED BR…     

Development and characterization of interspecific hybrids between Oryza sativa and O. latifolia by in situ hybridization

Oryza sativa and O. latifolia belong to the AA and CCDD genomes of Oryza, respectively. In this study, interspecific hybrids of these species were obtained using the embryo rescue technique. Hybrid panicle traits, such as long awns, small grain, exoteric large purple stigma, grain shattering and dispersed panicles, resemble that of the paternal parent, O. latifolia, whereas there is obvious heterosis in such respects as plant height, tillering ability and vegetative vigor. Chromosome pairing and the genomic components of the hybrid were subsequently investigated using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Based on the mitotic metaphase chromosome numbers of the root tips investigated, the hybrid is a triploid with 36 chromosomes. The genomic constitution of the hybrid is ACD. In the meiotic metaphase I of the hybrid pollen mother cell, poor chro- mosome pairing was identified and most of the chromosomes were univalent, which resulted in com- plete male sterility in the hybrid.     

信息化条件下的军队院校外语教学“精英化”

在信息化背景下,培养具有全球竞争力的军事精英人才、提升其信息素养和自主创新能力成为军队院校人才培养的主要目标。以精英人才培养模式为主导,外语教学亟需从教学手段、模式、内容等方面进行“精英化”改革,采用信息化教学、分层化及多语种外语教学、研究性外语教学等手段,为智力、能力优越的精英学员搭建信息获取、自主创新的知识平台,为军队培养具有“合格工程师＋军队领导者素质”的技指复合新型指挥人才提供保障。     

RAPD分子标记与鱼类种质资源和遗传育种研究

RAPD标记是建立在PCR基础上的一种新型的分子遗传标记技术．系统地介绍了RAPD分子标记技术的原理、步骤和特点，在此基础上，对近几年来这一分子标记在鱼类种质资源和遗传育种研究巾的应用进行了较为全面的阐述．探讨了这一分子标记的不足及应采取的相关措施，指出RAPD反应的标准化是使得RAPD结果具有可重复性和可靠性的关键．     

菠菜种质资源耐抽薹性评价与分析

以487份菠菜材料为研究对象,对5个耐抽薹指标进行相关性分析、主成分分析、隶属函数法和聚类分析,综合评价了菠菜的耐抽薹性. 研究结果表明：各指标的频数分布基本符合正态分布. 菠菜在上海地区抽薹和开花启动的时间为10~13 h,越耐抽薹,抽薹开花启动的时间越长. 相关性分析结果表明：抽薹期、开花期、抽薹昼长和开花昼长存在极显著正相关. 主成分分析将5个指标转化为2个主成分因子,累计贡献率达到99.5%. 用隶属函数法将487份材料划分为5个等级,并筛选出12份极耐抽薹材料. 用聚类分析将487份菠菜材料划分为5个类群,其中第Ⅳ类群为极耐抽薹材料,说明隶属函数法和聚类分析均可以有效地评价菠菜的耐抽薹性. 最后筛选出10份极耐抽薹材料US175,CS105,CS120,CS121,CS175,CS232,CS253,CS256,CS257和S14,可应用于菠菜耐抽薹材料创制或新品种选育.     

Development of Gossypium barbadense chromosome segment substitution lines in the genetic standard line TM-1 of Gossypium hirsutum

Chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSL) consist of a battery of nearisogenic lines that have been developed and cover the entire genome of some crops. With the exception of one homozygous chromosome segment transferred from a donor parent, the remaining genome of each CSSL line is the same as the recipient parent. It is an ideal material for genome research and particularly QTL mapping. In the present study, we first developed one set of CSSL lines using G. hirsutum acc. TM-1 (the genetic standard), as the recipient parent and G. barbadense cv. Hai7124 as the donor parent using molecular assisted-selection in BC5S1-3 generations. The CSSL consisted of 330 different lines, in which 1-4 different lines had the same or overlapping substituted segments. The genetic length of the substituted segments covered 5271.9 cM with an average segment distance of 10.9 cM, 1.5 times the total genetic length of Upland cotton (3514.6 cM). The substituted segments of each line varied in length, ranging from 3.5 cM for the shortest segment to 23.2 cM in the longest segment. Our CSSL have not yet to cover the entire tetraploid cotton genome, due to the absence of some donor parent interval segments.     

胡卢巴生物生态学特性及种质资源研究进展

胡卢巴是一种一年生或越年生优良豆科饲用植物,在中国广泛引种栽培,尤以北方居多,可作为香料、饲草、蔬菜及医药化工产品的原料.胡卢巴耐贫瘠,可与棉花、小麦等大田作物混播或间作,提高二者抗逆性.细胞学上属于二倍体,不同种之间具亲缘关系和进化关系.愈伤组织诱导及植株再生已应用于次生产物提取,将外源基因导入胡卢巴,育成新品系并进行了初步田间筛选与鉴定.在半干旱区,胡卢巴种子的萌发、生长和生物量分配随季节和降雨量变化而变化.医学上可广泛提取多种有益成分用于疾病的预防或治疗.在石油勘探领域,胡卢巴胶可用于润滑和钻井渗透调节.综上胡卢巴生物生态学特性和种质资源所述,为胡卢巴的开发利用和深入研究提供科学的理论依据和文献支撑.     

不结球白菜种质创新及资源信息管理研究进展

对不结球白菜(Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino)抗性育种、细胞质雄性不育、基因克隆和转基因育种、遗传图谱和DNA分子标记辅助育种,以及种质资源信息管理进行了综述,以期为不结球白菜种质创新和管理提供参考和建议.     

2015年上海(国际)花展中上海师大特色种质资源的配置造景

结合2015上海(国际)花展"精致园艺·美丽家园"的主题,从主题创意、景观布局、季相表现、色彩配置、人才培养、植物种类、造景技术、养护管理等方面分析了上海师范大学特色种质资源在上海(国际)花展——上海师大景点布展中的组配以及可以改进之处,并对优秀种质资源的运用、科研成果的进一步转化提出了建议.此次特色种质资源运用于花展的实践提示:需有针对性地研究开发具有社会需求的植物品种,进而推动园艺行业的发展.     

利用分子标记研究小麦遗传群体的赤霉病抗性鉴定方法

针对小麦赤霉病抗源苏麦3号构建的两个小麦重组自交系遗传群体苏麦3号／Alondra和苏麦3号／安农8455，采用单花接种、表土接种及自然发病3种不同的接种方法进行小麦赤霉病抗性接种鉴定，并根据苏麦3号赤霉病抗性主效QTL的连锁分子标记Xgwm 493和Xgwm 533．1分别对群体进行抗性连锁分析．检测结果表明，在温室单花接种所获得的鉴定数据中，标记的赤霉病抗性连锁效应最高，P值分别小于0．0001，抗性鉴定结果最为准确．研究表明，对小麦赤霉病这种由数量性状控制，受外界环境影响较大的真菌病害进行抗扩展性的遗传研究，应采用控温控湿条件下的单花滴注接种鉴定方法最为合适．     

Mining,characterization, and exploitation of EST-derived microsatellites in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium barbadense</Emphasis>

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have been widely applied as molecular markers in genetic studies. However, the number of ex-pressed sequence tags (ESTs) and SSR markers from Gossypium barbadense is fewer than those from other cotton species. In this study, EST-SSR distribution from G. barbadense was characterized and new G. barbadense-derived EST-SSR markers were de-termined on the basis of the ESTs obtained by randomly sequencing 2 cDNA libraries associated with fiber development in G. barbadense. By mining 9697 non-redundant ESTs, a total of 638 SSR loci derived from 595 ESTs were observed. In G. barba-dense, the frequency of ESTs containing SSRs was 6.13%, with an average of 1 SSR in every 10.4 kb of EST sequence. Further-more, trinucleotide was found to be the most abundant repeat type among 2–6-nucleotide repeat types. It accounted for 26.6% of the total, followed by the hexanucleotide (26.0%) and pentanucleotide repeats (25.9%). Among all the repeat motifs, (AAG)n accounted for the highest proportion. EST-SSR primer pairs were developed using the Primer3 program, and the redundant primers were removed using the virtual PCR approach. As a result, 380 non-redundant EST-SSR primer pairs were developed and used to detect polymorphisms between the mapping parents G. hirsutum ‘TM-1’ and G. barbadense ‘Hai7124’ for constructing linkage groups in cultivated allotetraploid cotton. Out of these, 98 (25.8%) primer pairs detected polymorphisms. Finally, 95 polymorphic loci from 82 primer pairs were integrated into the backbone genetic map; of these, 42 were mapped into the A subgenome and 53 into the D subgenome. The present work provided the foundation for constructing saturated genetic maps and conducting comparative genomic studies on different cotton species.     

Identification of genes associated with cotyledon senescence in upland cotton

Leaf senescence in plants is an essential develop- mental phase, and an understanding of senescence is important not only for pure scientific reasons, but also for practical purposes. During the last decade, a number of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) …