阿克苏河流域高砷地下水分布特征及成因分析

地下水砷污染是十分严重的环境与安全健康问题,研究高砷地下水的分布特征及形成机制能够为高砷地区地下水资源的合理开发利用及当地居民用水安全提供科学依据。以新疆阿克苏河流域为研究区,基于195个地下水水样的实测数据,结合地统计法、Piper三线图、Gibbs图、相关性分析等方法对研究区高砷地下水分布特征及成因进行分析。结果表明：地下水砷含量0.05～210μg/L,均值8.66μg/L,各县市15.09%～27.27%为砷含量大于等于10μg/L的高砷地下水;研究区地下水砷含量整体表现为承压水>潜水,中下游>上游,且高砷地下水主要分布在研究区东南部的阿克苏河流域中下游;研究区具备原生高砷地下水形成的地质条件,主要受自然因素的控制;高砷地下水水化学类型主要为SO₄·Cl-Na、SO₄·HCO₃-Na型;碱性环境下砷的解吸附及脱硫酸作用和岩石风化作用产生的阴离子与吸附态砷的竞争吸附造成地下水砷含量的升高,加之研究区中下游缓慢的水动力条件和强烈的蒸发浓缩作用,使得地下水中的砷进一步富集。研究结果对研究区地下水资源可持续开...     

电感耦合等离子体质谱在高碘区碘含量分布特征中的应用

采用ICP-MS法对山西某高碘区不同环境样品(地下水、土壤、植物)中的碘含量及分布特征进行了测定分析.结果显示,该地区为高碘含量地区,地下水碘含量高于国家饮用水标准值,表现为盆地低洼地区高于西部山区,浅层水碘含量高于中层水,中层水碘含量高于深层水;随采样深度增加,土壤剖面样品中的碘含量下降,表层土壤中碘含量最高;植物样品中的碘主要富集于植物的叶片部分,碘在植物各部位的分布特征为:叶根茎果实,其中果实的碘含量在不同植物间有所不同,表现为:高粱黄豆玉米.该地区地下水、土壤、植物样品中碘的含量及其来源与当地地理位置、采样点井水深度、农田灌溉方式等均有关系.     

贵州富锌硒茶产区地质环境条件与土壤元素地球化学特征

通过对贵州不同区域典型茶园进行野外调查,在每个茶叶主产区选择代表性的茶园进行土壤剖面样品采集,探讨贵州富锌硒茶产区地质环境条件与土壤元素地球化学特征。结果表明:贵州茶叶主产区成土母岩及土壤中主要元素含量水平存在明显的区域差异,富锌硒茶产区成土母岩中S、Ca、Fe、P、Mo含量均明显高于非富锌硒茶产区,其次是Zn、Se、Cu;而对应土壤中Mo、Cu、Mn、Zn、Fe、Ca含量均显著大于非富锌硒茶产区,其次是Se、Mg、P、S、Al。成土母岩的Zn、Se含量直接影响茶园土壤中Zn、Se的含量水平,土壤Zn、Se含量还受其他元素含量的影响,土壤Zn含量与Al、Fe、Ca、Mg、Mn、Mo含量之间达到极显著正相关,而土壤Se含量与Al、Fe、Cu、Mg、P、S含量存在极显著正相关。贵州境内富锌硒茶产区地质环境条件与土壤元素地球化学组成存在明显的空间异质性。     

酒泉-金塔盆地水化学特征及其演化规律

通过对观测资料的分析及PHREEQC软件的反向地球化学模拟,对酒泉-金塔盆地地下水水化学特征及其演化规律进行了研究.分析结果表明:酒泉、金塔盆地地下水具有相似的化学特征及演化规律,沿地下水流方向水化学类型由HCO3--SO42-型向SO42-型过渡,均发生了CaCOs的沉淀、Cag(CO3)2的溶解、CaSO4.2H2O的溶解、NaCl的溶解及CO2的析出.金塔盆地地下水主要受由酒泉盆地流入的地表水影响,而与酒泉盆地地下水联系不大.     

天然劣质地下水修复与示范年度报告

项目选取典型高砷场地开展了场地水文地质与水文地球化学调查、含水层原位固砷与取水井过滤层滤料除砷的室内与现场试验研究。针对单个农户取水井过滤层,综合运用试验与模拟技术,研发了菱铁矿-河砂高效除砷的填料配方与施工工艺,结果表明:该工艺能有效降低地下水中砷含量,除砷效率可达80%以上。碱性条件下菱铁矿水解生成铁的氢氧化物胶体与砷相互作用可能是该工艺除砷的主要过程。针对区域高砷含水层,研发了基于硫酸盐铁及次氯酸钠为铁盐和氧化剂的原位镀铁固砷技术。室内模拟实验证实以硫酸盐铁和次氯酸钠为注入试剂,能在介质表面形成致密的铁涂层。X射线能谱及红外光谱分析结果表明:铁涂层能有效吸附砷,砷与铁涂层之间主要通过As-O-Fe方式结合。以室内试验获取的参数为基础,开展了含水层镀铁除砷现场试验研究,研究表明:以硫酸亚铁和次氯酸钠为注入剂,能实现含水层原位镀铁除砷,该方法对地下水的除砷效率约为70%。针对场地开展了钻探及高密度电法勘探工作,对场地含水层空间分布特征进行了研究,钻探与物探结果显示:场地含水层分布较稳定,在40 m以内可识别出3个相对独立的含水层。采用分层监测方法对地下水水化学及水流场特征进行了分层监测,监测结果表明:场地地下水为强还原环境,硝酸盐和硫酸盐含量极低而可溶性硫化物含量很高,地下水中砷含量普遍较高,在空间上具有显著的不均一性。通过研究,该年度发表SCI论文4篇,申请专利2项;培养博士研究生6名,硕士研究生6名。     

郑州市不同埋藏深度地下水水化学特征及成因分析

以郑州市浅层、中深层、深层、超深层地下水为研究对象,利用描述性统计分析对研究区不同埋藏深度地下水的主要化学成分进行识别,基于Piper图和舒卡列夫分类法划分研究区地下水水化学类型,结合相关系数法、离子比例系数法、Gibbs图和氯碱指数法对研究区地下水的主要化学成分来源进行分析,并对研究区的水质进行了评价。结果表明：浅层水和中深层水主要阳离子含量Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+>K+;深层水和超深层水的主要阳离子含量Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+;不同埋藏深度的地下水主要阴离子含量均为HCO3->SO42->Cl->NO3->F-,浅层水和中深层水主要水化学成分及其含量最为相似。随埋藏深度的增加,Na+含量逐渐增加,并成为超深层地下水中的绝对优势阳离子,而Ca2+含量逐渐减少,由浅层地下水中的主要阳离子变为超深层地下水中的次要阳离子;HCO3-含量随埋藏深度变化幅度较小,始终是地下水中的绝对优势阴离子。研究区地下水的化学组分主要受溶滤作用、阳离子交换作用、反阳离子交换作用、混合作用以及人类活动的影响。水质评价结果表明：中深层和深层地下水的水质优于浅层和超深层地下水,除浅层水有11.4%的水样点为Ⅴ类外,其余地下水水质均为Ⅲ类或Ⅳ类。     

砷矿区受污染土壤中As赋存形态分析

对云南省楚雄州某废弃砷矿区的土壤采取4个样品进行分析,采用BCR法对该矿区土壤中砷的弱酸提取态、可还原态和可氧化态、总态4种存在形态进行提取研究.结果表明该砷矿区土壤重金属最大含量达465.125 5 mg/kg,从砷的存在形态来看,主要以残渣态砷为主,含量达280.2 mg/kg,占到砷含量的67.11%.该矿区土壤已经受到严重污染,且以残渣态砷为主,属于难处理废物,对当地的水环境和土壤健康存在环境风险.     

全安盆地水文地质特征及热水成因分析

在简要分析全安盆地水文地质特征、地下水赋存条件及划分地下水类型基础上,对盆地西部周地-暖水塘地区地下热水形成原因、赋存环境进行研究,认为多期次构造运动形成的断裂、裂隙沟通深部地下热水是盆地热水来源的主要原因;采取地下热水样品并开展氢氧稳定同位素、选出气体、水化学成份测试,认为地下热水由大气降水补给,长期水动态观测结果也显示大气降水与地下热水关系较密切.     

察布查尔县地区地下水水化学特征及地下水水质评价

为查明察布查尔县地区的地下水水化学特征及地下水水质情况,选取2016年50组地下水水样测试数据,综合统计分析方法和水化学方法以及模糊综合评价法等方法,对察布查尔县地区地下水水化学特征及地下水水质进行研究。结果表明:察布查尔县地区地下水中Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、HCO~-_3离子含量较高。地下水水样pH为7.55～7.7,均值为7.63,地下水整体呈弱碱性,溶解性总固体(total dissolved solids, TDS)为103.8～1 139 mg/L,均值为254.8 mg/L;地下水水化学类型以HCO_3-Ca(Ca·Mg)和HCO_3·SO_4(SO_4·HCO_3)-Ca(Ca·Mg)型水为主。地下水的水化学特征主要受水岩作用控制,少部分浅埋区受蒸发作用影响,几乎不受大气降水的影响;经F值法和模糊综合评价法对察县地区进行地下水水质评价分析得知,该区域的地下水受污染程度轻,但也存在严重污染区域,在利用水资源的同时也要注意水资源的保护。     

土壤砷污染对大豆砷含量与分布的影响

通过土壤加砷盆栽大豆实验,利用氢化物发生-分光光度法测定大豆和土壤的砷含量,以研究土壤砷污染对大豆砷含量及其分布的影响.结果表明,大豆根、茎和籽粒砷含量均与土壤加砷水平呈极显著的线性相关,并呈根〉茎〉籽粒的规律.大豆收获后,土壤砷含量与土壤加砷水平呈极显著的线性相关,土壤砷的残留率在82%以上,与土壤加砷水平呈极显著的对数相关.大豆根、茎和籽粒的富砷量均与土壤加砷呈极显著的二次函数相关关系,大豆茎的富砷量是根富砷量的3.4~8.1倍,是籽粒富砷量的2.8~4.6倍.大豆吸收的砷有82%以上存在于地上部分,但大豆对土壤加砷的利用率只在万分之几.大豆富砷量和大豆对土壤砷的利用率均以茎最高,而富集系数则为根〉茎〉籽粒.总之,大豆砷含量受土壤砷水平决定,籽粒含砷量最低有利于砷污染土壤的利用,土壤砷污染具有长效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that