利用黑曲霉和酵母共发酵秸秆产乙醇的研究

利用黑曲霉降解秸秆的效果,黑曲霉和酵母共发酵条件的优化以及在最优条件下产乙醇的效果.从秸秆腐殖质土中筛选出9株黑曲霉,并用刚果红鉴别培养基筛选出水解圈比较大的两株菌,从pH、温度、发酵时间对两株菌进行产纤维素酶的优化,并将黑曲霉和酵母在最适条件下共发酵生产乙醇.最后得出pH=5,温度为32℃,发酵时间为72h时酶活最高,液体发酵在上述适宜条件下降解秸秆72h后接种酵母进行共发酵24h,生产出乙醇,质量比是3%.     

蜗牛水解液的制备及其乳酸发酵饮料的研究

用碱性蛋白酶对白玉蜗牛肉进行水解,探讨了水解温度、pH值、加酶量及固液比对蜗牛肉水解液水解得率的影响,通过正交试验确定了蜗牛肉水解的较佳条件,并以水解液为原料进行乳酸菌发酵,获得较佳的饮料制备工艺.结果表明:以碱性蛋白酶为水解酶,水解工艺条件为,温度50℃,pH 10.5,料液比1:5,加酶量6 000 U/g,水解3 h后加1%风味蛋白酶水解1 h时水解度为7.13%.水解液乳酸菌发酵的较佳工艺条件为:115℃高温灭菌15 min,蔗糖添加量5%,乳糖添加量2%,乳酸菌接种量3%～4%,时间6 h.     

酶水解纤维素条件的优化

为了探究酶水解纤维素的最优条件,以麦草浆为原料,研究纤维素酶用量、pH、水解温度、底物质量分数和酶水解时间对酶水解得率的影响,通过正交实验对酶水解纤维素的工艺条件进行优化.最佳条件为:酶用量27,U,pH,5.5,水解温度50,℃,底物质量分数2%,水解时间60,h.在此条件下,酶水解得率可以达到75.8%.     

纳豆激酶产生菌的固体发酵参数优化

对影响纳豆激酶产生菌固体发酵时产酶影响因子如碳源/氮源、含水量、温度、pH和培养时间等进行了优化.实验结果表明,菌株1适宜的固体发酵产酶培养基豆粕:麸皮比为3∶1;菌株2适宜的固体发酵产酶培养基豆粕:麸皮比为1∶1时产酶活性最高;菌株1适宜的培养基含水以50%最好,菌株2以70%最好;培养基初始pH均在7.0时酶活最高;发酵温度均以25℃最好,不易超过30℃;两个菌株的适宜发酵时间分别为36 h(菌株1)和72 h(菌株2).在优化发酵条件下,两个菌株单位发酵物中纤溶酶平均酶活力可分别达到1 407.25 U/g(菌株1)和953 U/g(菌株2).     

利用玉米芯水解液发酵生产木糖醇的研究

以玉米芯为材料,分别从压强、温度、酸浓度以及水解时间几个方面对玉米芯的水解条件进行了研究,确定低压、120℃、水解时间为2 h作为玉米芯半纤维素的水解条件;同时研究了利用玉米芯水解液发酵生产木糖醇的条件,结果表明热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)的最优发酵条件为:初始pH 7.5,装液量70%,接种量10%,发酵温度28℃.     

玉米秸秆高效糖化菌株筛选及其产酶条件研究

高产纤维素酶和半纤维素酶菌株可以有效提高木质纤维素原料制燃料乙醇的产率.研究采用刚果红羧甲基纤维素钠培养基,并结合滤纸条培养基进行初筛,以玉米秸秆粉为发酵培养基进行复筛,筛选到纤维素酶和半纤维素酶高产菌Z-7真菌.采用摇床液体发酵试验并测定纤维素酶活和半纤维素酶活以确定Z-7真菌的最优产酶条件.结果表明,250 mL三角瓶的最佳装瓶量为50 mL,接种量为3%,pH值为5.5,摇床培养温度38℃,最佳产酶时间48 h,在此条件下该菌产CMC-Na酶活达到100 u/mL,半纤维素酶活达到126.6 u/mL.     

玉米秸秆超声辅助酶水解

利用超声波技术研究了外加超声场条件下玉米秸秆的纤维素酶水解过程.结果表明:超声波可有效地提高玉米秸秆的纤维素酶水解得率,减少酶用量.在超声频率20 kHz、功率30 W、作用时间10 min的超声场下,纤维素酶的最适滤纸酶活用量为20IU/g,最适水解温度为50℃,最适pH为4.8,其48 h酶解得率达到27.3%,比未加超声波时酶解得率提高了48.3%.     

产纤维素酶地衣芽孢杆菌B.LY02摇瓶发酵条件优化

为了提高产纤维素酶地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis LY02,B.LY02)的产酶能力,采用单因素试验对该菌株产酶的摇瓶发酵条件进行了优化。优化结果显示:菌株B.LY02发酵培养基的最适碳源为麦芽糖,氮源为酵母膏,初始pH值为5.0,培养温度为37℃,培养时间为30 h,装液量为60 mL(250 m L三角瓶),接种量(体积分数)为2%,摇床转速180~200 r/min。通过优化发酵条件,菌株B.LY02的产酶活性达到了0.683 5 U/mL,比优化前提高了约27.73%。     

棉花秸秆纤维素酶水解的神经网络模拟优化及混合酶水解的协同作用

为了提高棉秆的还原糖产率,为新疆棉秆的糖化利用研究奠定一定的基础,本文选用酶解温度、纤维素酶用量、pH和水解时间为输入参数,还原糖产率为目标输出参数,在响应曲面设计实验的基础上,采用人工神经网络对H_2S_O4处理棉秆在纤维素酶中的水解过程进行模拟与优化,建立其神经网络模型(4-5-1),得到棉秆在纤维素酶中水解的最优条件为酶解温度45.32℃、纤维素酶用量434.23 FPU、pH 4.98和水解时间68.37 h,最优条件下还原糖产率最高,为72.93%;经过分析得知纤维素酶用量是影响棉秆酶解产糖的主要因素,当纤维素酶用量为150FPU,并向纤维素酶中添加125 IU木聚糖酶时,棉秆经混合酶酶解后的还原糖产率增大至92.42%,比纤维素酶酶解的还原糖产率提高了1.27倍。     

纤溶酶高产菌株筛选及其液体发酵条件研究

研究实验室自主分离的2株纤溶酶高产菌株发酵条件,采用4因素、3水平的正交试验设计方法对液体发酵培养基的碳源、氮源、无机盐进行了优化,并对培养基初始pH、发酵时间、发酵温度对产酶量的影响进行了测定.结果表明:菌株1液体发酵合适的产酶培养基配方为大豆粉的质量分数为6%,葡萄糖2%,CaCl2 0.06%,MgSO4 0.07%;菌株2液体发酵合适的产酶培养基配方为大豆粉的质量分数为6%,玉米淀粉2%,CaCl2 0.06%,MgSO4 0.07%.培养基初始pH均为6.5时酶活性最高;发酵温度均以38℃最好;而菌株1和菌株2的适宜发酵时间分别为48～84 h和60～84 h.在优化条件下,菌株1、菌株2液体发酵最高酶活分别为306.46 IU/mL和319.76 IU/mL。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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