密贴下穿地下工程施工新工艺“CRD+多重预顶撑”研究

基于北京地铁10号线公主坟站密贴下穿1号线公主坟站的工程背景,参照其采用"CRD+多重预顶撑工艺"的真实施工步序,运用有限差分软件FLAC3D建立了三维精细化数值计算模型,研究了新建站的施工过程中土体塑性区的变化及既有站的变形规律.结果表明,采用"CRD+多重预顶撑"工艺进行密贴下穿施工可有效控制既有结构的变形,满足其沉降控制要求,对比模拟与实测的变形分布曲线,二者吻合较好.施工完成后,既有结构纵断面呈双凹槽式变形,横向为"V"字形沉降,与Peck曲线相似,且底板沉降值较顶板的略大.千斤顶卸除时可能造成结构局部较大变形或开裂,应分级释放其轴力.开挖过程中,土体主要发生剪切破坏,塑性区在四个角点区域向外延伸成蝴蝶形.提出"同步顶升,伺服控制"的施工理念,以实现对既有结构沉降变形的主动控制.     

暗挖车站洞内地下连续墙施工地层效应分析

地下水资源对经济社会的可持续发展具有十分重要的作用。为了拥护国家对水资源的保护政策,北京地铁16号线在施暗挖车站——看丹站首次尝试以导洞内地下连续墙替换传统边桩施工的方式,以期达到承载和止水的双重目的。虽然施作的试验段取得了较好的效果,但北京地区地层复杂,局促低矮空间内的洞内地连墙施工能否大范围顺利推广实施仍存在争议。以北京地铁16号线看丹站、首都机场西沿线北新桥站和北京地铁7号线广渠门外站为代表,采用Midas软件对边导洞内地下连续墙施工过程进行数值模拟,揭示北京地区砂卵石、粉质黏土和砂卵石-粉质黏土互层三种典型地层条件下洞内地下连续墙施工诱发的环境响应。结果表明：(1)在其他条件相同的情况下,砂卵石地层中地下连续墙施工引起的地表沉降值最小,粉质黏土地层地下连续墙施工引起的地表沉降值最大;(2)洞内地下连续墙施工引起导洞拱顶沉降值大小排序为：砂卵石地层<砂卵石-粉质黏土互层地层<粉质黏土地层;(3)相比于砂卵石-粉质黏土互层地层及粉质黏土地层,砂卵石地层条件下,洞内地下连续墙施工引起的围岩塑性应变值及应变范围最小,对周围土体扰动较小。     

大断面暗挖平顶直墙结构密贴下穿既有线沉降控制关键技术

以某地铁1号线卫星广场站大断面暗挖平顶直墙结构密贴下穿既有线为工程背景,介绍了6导洞的洞桩+洞柱法结合的施工方案.分析总结了下穿过程中的沉降控制关键技术:超前预注浆、注浆抬升、顶升动态沉降控制、初支和二衬背后注浆.监测结果表明:既有线底板最大沉降为8.9mm,变形缝处差异沉降最大值4.5 mm,轨道沉降值最大值为2.8 mm,成功实现了安全下穿既有线.     

软土地基袋装砂井施工技术研究

新建邯黄铁路沧州段穿过近海冲积平原,地质地层属含水超饱和的典型的粉砂土层、粘土夹砂层土、粉质粘土和淤泥质黏土.袋装砂井软基处理技术,是砂井排水法的延续,即是将散体砂装入用化纤纺织物做成的细长袋子内插入软土中作为竖向排水体的一种方法.由于它可以做成很细的形状(通常7～12 em),根据“细而密”的原则,能将井间距大大减小,加快排水固结时间,是一种有效、简便而又普遍的软基处理方法.对冲积地质地层,即由粉细砂层或由粉细砂层和粘土层相间构成的软土地基,尤其透水层与不透水层间隔形成的、存在地下超饱和承压水的地层中,采用此工法效果明显显其处理方式是:采用砂井排水与堆载加压(路基填筑等)相匹配的排水固结原理,排出地下超饱和及饱和地层术,使基底逐步固结的一种工法.该工法的关键之一是尽可能使地下承压水排出地表;之二是使排出地表的水能顺利流向路基两侧边沟.在采用沉降监测手段和确保路基填筑稳定性满足设计要求的前提下,动态地变更调整原设计的一些参数,使经此工法处理的软弱地基土能快速、有效地达到设计地基处理的承载力要求.     

富水砂卵石地层土压平衡盾构施工滞后沉降分析及预防控制措施

成都地铁富水砂卵石地层采用土压平衡盾构法施工时,存在着比较特殊的滞后沉降现象.结合成都地铁施工的实践经验,分析了富水砂卵石地层施工滞后沉降的产生机理,研究并总结了预防控制滞后沉降的措施,为国内类似工程滞后沉降的预防控制进行了初步的探索.     

大直径土压平衡盾构下穿既有线U形槽结构变形

为确保盾构安全顺利地下穿地铁运营U形槽线路,避免下穿过程中引起U形槽结构过量沉降,影响运营安全,以北京新机场线2、3号风井盾构区间大直径土压平衡盾构下穿既有大兴线U形槽为工程背景,研究了砂卵石地层盾构隧道开挖对U形槽变形影响。通过对U形槽结构竖向位移、横向位移、轨道竖向位移、轨距等大量监测数据进行分析,得出盾构隧道开挖过程中既有结构的变形规律。结果表明:下方隧道开挖会造成U形槽和轨道结构产生不均匀隆起、沉降变形,竖向变形在2. 0 mm以内;隧道横向变形表现为不规则波动,变形在±0. 5 mm以内;轨距变化在±1 mm以内。既有U形槽结构竖向位移与盾构掘进参数关系密切;通过严格控制盾构施工参数,采用二次注浆、深孔注浆方式对管片背后进行填充,可大幅减少结构沉降。研究结果可为控制U形槽结构变形,确保既有线运行的安全提供借鉴。     

城市富水砂卵石地层大断面 隧道浅埋暗挖工法研究

针对北京富水砂卵石地层大断面隧道地层稳定性差、工程周边环境复杂、对沉降控制要求高等诸多难题,在大断面隧道中采用CRD法、洞桩法进行施工,有效控制了工程结构、沿线及周围建筑物和地下管线的变形,确保了工程及周围环境的安全。     

大直径土压平衡盾构下穿既有线U型槽结构变形

为确保盾构安全顺利地下穿地铁运营U形槽线路,避免下穿过程中引起U形槽结构过量沉降,影响运营安全,以北京新机场线2、3号风井盾构区间大直径土压平衡盾构下穿既有大兴线U形槽为工程背景,研究了砂卵石地层盾构隧道开挖对U形槽变形影响。通过对U形槽结构竖向位移、横向位移、轨道竖向位移、轨距等大量监测数据进行分析,得出盾构隧道开挖过程中既有结构的变形规律。结果表明:下方隧道开挖会造成U形槽和轨道结构产生不均匀隆起、沉降变形,竖向变形在2. 0 mm以内;隧道横向变形表现为不规则波动,变形在±0. 5 mm以内;轨距变化在±1 mm以内。既有U形槽结构竖向位移与盾构掘进参数关系密切;通过严格控制盾构施工参数,采用二次注浆、深孔注浆方式对管片背后进行填充,可大幅减少结构沉降。研究结果可为控制U形槽结构变形,确保既有线运行的安全提供借鉴。     

双层车站零距离下穿既有车站变形控制技术

大中城市地铁已由点线状发展成网状,常会出现既有地铁车站密贴增建形成换乘车站的情况。为了保证既有地铁车站的正常使用,开展新建地铁车站密贴下穿既有地铁车站变形控制研究。依托北京地铁6号线苹果园站零距离下穿既有地铁1号线苹果园站工程,结合具体施工方案,采用数值方法研究两层三跨地铁车站密贴下穿既有结构变形控制技术,探究注浆抬升、丝杠支顶、高压回填注浆工程措施对既有结构变形控制所起作用,分析丝杠的力学特性并优化其直径。通过现场测试与数值分析对比分析,验证以上工程措施的控制效果。研究表明:注浆抬升作用对既有结构变形控制效果更加明显;丝杠直径对既有结构沉降影响不大,选取50 mm可以充分发挥丝杠材料性能;注浆抬升、丝杠支顶、高压回填注浆3个综合措施控制了既有地铁车站变形。     

热力隧道在非降水施工中的力学特性监测

城市热力供水工程逐渐由近地层明挖向深地层暗挖转移,通过对北京市两个典型地质热力隧道的现场原位的监测,分析浅埋暗挖热力隧道在非降水施工过程中对于砂卵石地质和粉质黏土地质条件下的初支结构内力、围岩性状、水文特征的变化及对地层的影响.试验监测结果表明,隧道围岩的土压力分布不同,水压力分布相同,初衬钢筋内力分布不同,砂卵石地质条件下的隧道初衬受力情况较好,隧道开挖对地表沉降影响较小,研究结果可在开挖城市供热、供水及供气等小断面隧道时参考.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~     

Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has