Ramsey数与约束共存性

提出约束共存性概念,并证明约束共存极小状态的存在性,以及它与Ramsey定理所描述的Ramsey现象的等效性.用数量表示这种等效性,就是     

Factors determining crystal--liquid coexistence under shear

The interaction between an imposed shear flow and an order--disorder transition underlies a broad range of phenomena. Under the influence of shear flow, a variety of soft matter is observed to spontaneously form bands characterized by different local order---for example, thermotropic liquid crystals subjected to shear flow exhibit rich phase behaviour. The stability of order under the influence of shear flow is also fundamental to understanding frictional wear and lubrication. Although there exists a well developed theoretical approach to the influence of shear flow on continuous transitions in fluid mixtures, little is known about the underlying principles governing non-equilibrium coexistence between phases of different symmetry. Here we show, using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of a system of spherical particles, that a stationary coexistence exists between a strained crystal and the shearing liquid, and that this coexistence cannot be accounted for by invoking a non-equilibrium analogue of the chemical potential. Instead of such thermodynamic arguments, we argue that a balancing of the crystal growth rate with the rate of surface erosion by the shearing melt can account for the observed coexistence.     

Strain-induced metal-insulator phase coexistence in perovskite manganites

The coexistence of distinct metallic and insulating electronic phases within the same sample of a perovskite manganite, such as La(1-x-y)Pr(y)Ca(x)MnO3, presents researchers with a tool for tuning the electronic properties in materials. In particular, colossal magnetoresistance in these materials--the dramatic reduction of resistivity in a magnetic field--is closely related to the observed texture owing to nanometre- and micrometre-scale inhomogeneities. Despite accumulated data from various high-resolution probes, a theoretical understanding for the existence of such inhomogeneities has been lacking. Mechanisms invoked so far, usually based on electronic mechanisms and chemical disorder, have been inadequate to describe the multiscale, multiphase coexistence within a unified picture. Moreover, lattice distortions and long-range strains are known to be important in the manganites. Here we show that the texturing can be due to the intrinsic complexity of a system with strong coupling between the electronic and elastic degrees of freedom. This leads to local energetically favourable configurations and provides a natural mechanism for the self-organized inhomogeneities over both nanometre and micrometre scales. The framework provides a physical understanding of various experimental results and a basis for engineering nanoscale patterns of metallic and insulating phases.     

四种操作系统共存于同一台计算机中的实现

针对很多计算机应用场合 ,要求一台计算机具有多种职能 ,需要多种操作系统支持的需求 ,本文讨论了多种操作系统共存于一台计算机中的技术     

Inhibitory tagging system facilitates visual search

Two visuospatial phenomena, serial search and inhibition of return, have recently gained the attention of scientists from such diverse disciplines as neuroscience, artificial intelligence and cognitive psychology. A linear increase in search latency with increasing display size has been assumed to reflect serial focused attention to each item in the display. A delay in the detection of a signal in a previously attended location has been assumed to reflect an inhibitory process that may be used to prevent attention from returning to the same stimulus. The following study of human performance supports these assumptions and, by demonstrating that inhibition of return operates in serial search, presumably to improve search efficiency, provides a functional link between these two phenomena.     

“遗传印记”现象的研究

“遗传印记”现象是由于子代体内来自父母双方的等位基因一方表达、另一方沉默造成的，对该现象的研究是分子遗传学研究的新兴领域之一。目前，通过一些研究方法，对“遗传印记”的分子机制已有一定的认识，随着对“遗传印记”研究的逐渐深入，必将深化人们对遗传和生命本质的认识。     

Sexual selection enables long-term coexistence despite ecological equivalence

Empirical data indicate that sexual preferences are critical for maintaining species boundaries, yet theoretical work has suggested that, on their own, they can have only a minimal role in maintaining biodiversity. This is because long-term coexistence within overlapping ranges is thought to be unlikely in the absence of ecological differentiation. Here we challenge this widely held view by generalizing a standard model of sexual selection to include two ubiquitous features of populations with sexual selection: spatial variation in local carrying capacity, and mate-search costs in females. We show that, when these two features are combined, sexual preferences can single-handedly maintain coexistence, even when spatial variation in local carrying capacity is so slight that it might go unnoticed empirically. This theoretical study demonstrates that sexual selection alone can promote the long-term coexistence of ecologically equivalent species with overlapping ranges, and it thus provides a novel explanation for the maintenance of species diversity.     

Shape coexistence and triaxiality in the superheavy nuclei

Superheavy nuclei represent the limit of nuclear mass and charge; they inhabit the remote corner of the nuclear landscape, whose extent is unknown. The discovery of new elements with atomic numbers Z > or = 110 has brought much excitement to the atomic and nuclear physics communities. The existence of such heavy nuclei hangs on a subtle balance between the attractive nuclear force and the disruptive Coulomb repulsion between protons that favours fission. Here we model the interplay between these forces using self-consistent energy density functional theory; our approach accounts for spontaneous breaking of spherical symmetry through the nuclear Jahn-Teller effect. We predict that the long-lived superheavy elements can exist in a variety of shapes, including spherical, axial and triaxial configurations. In some cases, we anticipate the existence of metastable states and shape isomers that can affect decay properties and hence nuclear half-lives.     

共生视角下的当今国际关系

共生概念最早由生物学家提出，应用于生物学领域。随着科技发展和学者们多年的努力，共生理论走向成熟并被广泛应用于其他学科。本文试图应用共生理论探讨当今国际关系。     

基于OSEKTime的共存模型的改进与实现

OSEKTime规范提出了基于时间触发操作系统与基于OSEK/VDX标准实现的操作系统的共存模型。在分析OSEKTime规范的基础上,针对该规范的消息触发任务存在着非实时性问题,提出并实现了一种合理的、能与OS-EK OS共存的实时时间触发操作系统,确保了时间触发任务的实时性和对消息触发任务的死限时间内的及时处理。     

传统型图书馆与数字型图书馆长期共存的认识

通过对传统型图书馆与数字型图书馆优势与劣势的分析,指出二者的关系是相互补充、互为依存的.同时指出,在相当长的时期内,传统型图书馆与数字型图书馆是并存的.     

Genomic perspectives in microbial oceanography

The global ocean is an integrated living system where energy and matter transformations are governed by interdependent physical, chemical and biotic processes. Although the fundamentals of ocean physics and chemistry are well established, comprehensive approaches to describing and interpreting oceanic microbial diversity and processes are only now emerging. In particular, the application of genomics to problems in microbial oceanography is significantly expanding our understanding of marine microbial evolution, metabolism and ecology. Integration of these new genome-enabled insights into the broader framework of ocean science represents one of the great contemporary challenges for microbial oceanographers.     

传统型图书馆与数字型图书馆长期共存的认识

通过对传统型图书馆与数字型图书馆优势与劣势的分析,指出二者的关系是相互补充、互为依存的。同时指出,在相当长的时期内,传统型图书馆与数字型图书馆是并存的。