图片与动画的制作研究

本文介绍了电脑绘画在国外的动向,分析了电脑绘画、图片及动画广泛深入被应用的原因是因为图形是一种通用语言,是现代通讯和交往中非常重要的手段;研究了动画制作的方法,其中最优方法是借助动画制作软件;介绍了如何使用AUTOCAD制作风景图片、立体图片;介绍了使用AUTOSHADE为立体图上彩及使用AUTOFLIX制作动画;指出CAD及动画技术是涉及到几何、矩阵代数、比色法、计算机光学、计算机图象合成等领域,是被广泛应用的高新技术。     

政府应如何理好财

<正>财政,即政府的"理财之政"。关于"财",无外乎两个问题,一是钱从哪儿来;二是钱花到哪儿去了。但若前面加了一个"理"字,学问就大了。你得思考、推敲,钱的来源是否稳定、持久;钱花的是否合理、妥帖;钱花出去的效果如何、是否达到了最初的目的。那么,如果这个理财的主体是政府,它要思索的问题就成为,一是主要的税源、税收从哪里来;二是有哪些支出事项及相应费用;三是是否实现了政府职能及政治诉求。那么,政府应如何理好财?其一,是政府的财政来源问题。政府的收入及其增长应建立在企业、个人     

科技期刊体制改革若干问题刍议

抓住科技期刊体制改革机遇,提升科技期刊发展水平是当前重要现实问题。分析了科技期刊改革内容、运行机制确定人员身份置换与安排、清产核资等问题。明确了体制是关键、机制是核心、人员是难点、资产是基础。     

连续Quantale及其范畴性质

研究了连续Quantale及其范畴性质,定义了半连续Quantale,在此基础上讨论了半连续Quantale、连续Quantale和正则Quantale之间的关系.证明了严格右侧的连续Quantale是正则Quantale,严格右侧的左侧Quantale是连续Quantale当且仅当它是半连续Quantale.给出了连续Quantale中理想的概念,探讨了连续Quantale中理想和连续Quantale范畴的性质,证明了此范畴不仅是点化的、连通的,而且有乘积、每一个投射都是收缩.     

试论科学发展观统领下的高校德育内容发展

科学发展观是我们党在建设中国特色社会主义现代化过程中的理论创新,其第一要义是发展,核心是以人为本,基本要求是全面协调可持续,根本方法是统筹兼顾.科学发展观也对高校德育内容的发展指出了新趋势、丰富了新内涵、创新了新体系、提出了新要求,高校德育内容必须在科学发展观的统领下与时俱进,不断创新,才能达到培养全面发展人才的战略要求.     

疫情防控背景下高校线上教学质量保障体系构建与实践

为应对防控疫情新形势,各大高校应用“线上教学”形式开展教学任务。疫情打破了传统的线下课堂教学,促进了在线教学的蓬勃发展,推动了管理方式、教学方式、学习方式、评价方式的变革,但也折射出了在线教学面临的问题,指出了高校线上教学质量保障体系构建的必要性。阐述了疫情防控背景下高校线上教学质量保障体系构建线上课程思政是引领、线下教学设计是重点、线上教学运行是主导、线上师生互动是关键、线上教学督导是保障等方面实施中的关键问题。     

产业信息化——金融服务创新与城市发展

现代社会,信息的创造、分配、传播、使用和管理不仅是一项经济产业,更为重要的是它已经成为推动工业与农业发展的引擎。可以说,信息化已深深植入了产业发展的各个领域、各个环节,特别是当前金融、钢铁与汽车等产业的快速发展,在相当程度上是以信息为主导的。掌握了对信息的获取、运用与传播的能力,就掌握了产业发展的主动权。     

卡内基早期教育生活考略

美国钢铁大王安德鲁·卡内基是苏格兰移民,是“美国梦”的实现者,是现代商业模式的创立者,他对慈善、公益、教育、和平事业作出了卓越贡献,是有史以来最伟大的职业经理人之一。卡内基之所以成就了影响美国乃至世界的辉煌事业,其家庭背景、早期教育、性格特征以及环境磨炼是其重要原因。     

技术化生存的必然与超越

文章首先从技术化生存消解了人性、割裂了人与自然的关系、遮蔽了技术的人文意义三个方面,梳理了技术化生存的危害;然后通过论证技术是人的存在方式、是连接人与自然的桥梁、是人类生存的必然历史阶段,指出了技术化生存具有历史必然性;最后,文章在评述既有构想的基础上,指出不断丰富人在科学、技术和人文素养三个方面的内涵,是超越技术化生存的有效路径。     

高速铁路是运输市场竞争和科学技术进步的产物

介绍了高速铁路的产生过程、定义、主要类型、主要技术经济优势、世界高速铁路的现状和发展趋势;论述了高速铁路是高新技术的综合集成,包括高速铁路线路是高速行车的基础,高速列车是高速行车的核心,行车指挥系统是高速行车的中枢,安全监控系统是高速行车的保障。     

A study on responses of soil erosion and sediment yield to closing cultivation on sloping land in a small catchment using 137Cs technique in the Rolling Loess Plateau, China

By comparison of volumes and ¹³⁷Cs contents of the deposited sediments before and after 1993, changes of specific sediment yields and relative sediment contributions from the gully area and from the inter gully area after closing cultivation on the later area on a small catchment of Zhaojia Gully, in the Rolling Loess Plateau, are analyzed in this paper. Closing cultivation in a large scale has not resulted in decrease but increase of specific sediment yield of the catchment, in sharp decrease of the sediment yield and the relative sediment contribution of the inter-gully area, and in increase of the sediment yield and the contribution of the gully area, for a short term. The mean specific sediment yield of 29650 t km⁻² a⁻¹ of 1994–1996 in the catchment was 2.2 times the average value of 13413 t km⁻² a⁻¹ for a long term. The specific sediment yield of the inter-gully area decreased from the 14335 t km⁻² a⁻¹ in 1994 to 7034 t km⁻² a⁻¹ in 1995 and 3517 t km⁻² a⁻¹ in 1996, while the yield of the gully area varied between 44944 and 62136 t km⁻² a⁻¹ during the period of 1994–1996 which was much greater than the value of 21118 t km⁻² a⁻¹ before 1993. The relative sediment contribution from the inter-gully area decreased from 23% in 1994 to 15% in 1995 and 6% in 1996, while the contribution from the gully area increased from 77% in 1994 to 85% in 1995 and 94% in 1996. It is suggested that compacting of ploughed soils resulted in increasing of the erosion resistance but in decreasing of the precipitation infiltration, therefore, the soil erosion reduced but the runoff amount increased on the inter-gully area. Increase of delivering runoff from the inter-gully area to the gully area should result in activeness of gully erosion and mass movements, consequently, in increase of the total sediment yield from the catchment.     

The contribution of root respiration to soil CO2 efflux in Puccinellia tenuiflora dominated community in a semi-arid meadow steppe

Rising atmospheric CO2 and temperature are altering ecosystem carbon cycling. Grasslands play an important role in regional climate change and global carbon cycle. Below-ground processes play a key role in the grassland carbon cycle because they regulate …     

Coral reef ecosystems in the South China Sea as a source of atmospheric CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> in summer

Field measurements of air-sea CO2 exchange in three coral reef areas of the South China Sea (i.e. the Yongshu Reef atoll of the Nansha Islands, southern South China Sea (SCS); Yongxing Island of Xisha Islands, north-central SCS; and Luhuitou Fringing Reef in Sanya of Hainan Island, northern SCS) during the summers of 2008 and 2009 revealed that both air and surface seawater partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2) showed regular diurnal cycles. Minimum values occurred in the evening and maximum values in the morning. Air pCO2 in each of the three study areas showed small diurnal variations, while large diurnal variations were ob-served in seawater pCO2. The diurnal variation amplitude of seawater pCO2 was ~70 μmol mol–1 at the Yongshu Reef lagoon, 420–619 μmol mol–1 on the Yongxing Island reef flat, and 264–579 μmol mol–1 on the reef flat of the Luhuitou Fringing Reef, and 324–492 μmol mol–1 in an adjacent area just outside of this fringing reef. With respect to spatial relations, there were large differences in air-sea CO2 flux across the South China Sea (e.g. ~0.4 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongshu Reef, ~4.7 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Yongxing Island, and ~9.8 mmol CO2 m–2 d–1 at Luhuitou Fringing Reef). However, these positive values suggest that coral reef ecosystems of the SCS may be a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Additional analyses indicated that diurnal variations of surface seawater pCO2 in the shallow water reef flat are controlled mainly by biological metabolic processes, while those of deeper water lagoons and outer reef areas are regulated by both biological metabolism and hydrodynamic factors. Unlike the open ocean, inorganic metabolism plays a significant role in influencing seawater pCO2 variations in coral reef ecosystems.     

高铝钢精炼渣的热力学计算与分析

为了在高铝钢中得到最低的溶解氧含量,必须找到CaO-Al2O3-MgO体系中Al2O3活度最低点的位置。因此,利用炉渣结构的共存理论,结合CaO-Al2O3-MgO相图,利用Matlab软件计算了CaO-Al2O3-MgO体系中Al2O3活度。通过对不同模型计算出的CaO-Al2O3渣系中Al2O3活度值比较,表明其变化趋势基本相同。由共存理论对CaO-Al2O3-MgO体系中Al2O3活度进行计算得到,在一定的MgO含量下,随着CaO含量增加,炉渣中Al2O3活度降低;在一定的CaO含量下,随着MgO含量增加,炉渣中Al2O3活度降低,且Al2O3活度最低值在CaO和MgO均达饱和的区域。     

马尾松、杉木纯林及其混交林挥发性有机物成分分析

为了摸清树种挥发性有机物(Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs)的释放规律和种类,采用顶空法提取马尾松(Pinus massoniana)、杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)纯林及其混交林11个树种叶片的VOCs,并用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)技术对其进行分析。结果表明：前15 min, VOCs检出率为100%的树种有马尾松混交林和杉木混交林中的格木(Erythrophleum fordii)、红锥(Castanopsis hystrix)、大叶栎(Quercus griffithii);检出率为73%-90%的树种有马尾松纯林及其混交林中的马尾松、黄毛榕(Ficus esquiroliana)和香梓楠(Michelia hedyosperma),以及杉木纯林及其混交林中的杉木和灰木莲(Manglietia glauca)。马尾松纯林及其混交林中鉴定出的VOCs种类有萜、醇、醛、酮、酯、酸、脂肪胺、环氧等8大类,除了红锥和大叶栎外,其他树种均以萜类化合物数量最多;杉木纯林及其混交林鉴定出的VOCs种类有萜、醇、醛、酮、酯、酸、脂...     

Involvement of NADPH oxidase NtrbohD in the rapid production of H2O2 induced by ABA in cultured tobacco cell line BY-2

The mechanisms for the production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) induced by abscisic acid (ABA) were investigated in suspension culture cells of tobacco BY-2 cells. The results showed that the immediate generation of H₂O₂, which was mainly derived from superoxide dismutase-catalyzed dismutation of superoxide radical, was significantly induced by ABA. Furthermore, treatment of the cultured tobacco cells with ABA resulted in a time-dependent quick increase in plasma membrane (PM) NADPH oxidase activity, which coincided on time and magnitude with the elevation in ABA-induced accumulation of H₂O₂. Moreover, these enhanced effects were pronouncedly inhibited by two NADPH oxidase inhibitor, diphenylene iodonium and imidazole, suggesting that PM NADPH oxidase is involved in the rapid accumulation of ₂O₂ in cultured tobacco cells. In addition, analysis of the expression level of NtrbohD, a PM NADPH oxidase gene in tobacco, by RT-PCR and protein gel blot revealed that the gene at both mRNA and protein levels was upregulated by ABA, indicating that NtrbohD participates in the ABA-stimulated rapid production of H₂O₂ in tobacco culture cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that ABA induces the rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species via NADPH oxidase in suspension culture cells of tobacco, and that NADPH oxidase and H₂O₂ appear to be important components in ABA signal transduction pathway in plants.     

钦州湾近岸海域底栖生物体内重金属含量与污染评价

采集钦州湾近岸海域8种底栖生物样品,利用原子吸收光谱仪和原子荧光分光光度计测定底栖生物体内重金属含量,分析评价底栖生物受重金属污染程度。结果表明,底栖生物体内重金属平均含量从高到低为Zn〉Cu〉As〉Cd〉Cr〉Pb〉Hg,其中,软体动物：Zn〉Cu〉As〉Cd〉Cr〉Pb〉Hg;甲壳动物：Zn〉Cu〉As〉Cd〉Pb〉Cr〉Hg;鱼类：Zn〉As〉Cu〉Cr〉Pb〉Cd〉Hg。不同底栖生物对重金属的富集能力不同,同一种底栖生物对不同重金属的富集能力不同,从大到小为,软体动物：Cu〉Cd〉Cr〉Zn〉As〉Hg〉Pb;甲壳动物：Cu〉Cd〉Zn〉As〉Cr〉Hg〉Pb;鱼类：Cr〉As〉Zn〉Cu〉Cd〉Hg〉Pb。钦州湾近岸海域底栖生物均未受到重金属污染,但是重金属积累严重,软体动物体内Cd和As超过了国家食品卫生标准值。     

Visualization of protein RecR in Escherichia coli by fluorescent labelling

RecR protein, a functional equivalent of Rad52 in eukaryotes, plays a critical role in the RecF pathway of homologous recombination in Escherichia coli. By constructing and expressing the recR-yfp hybrid gene, the distribution of the RecR-YFP fusion protein was visualized in E. coli by fluorescent microscopy. Our results showed that RecR proteins can be localized predominantly in the nucleoid region of E. coli. By measuring the UV resistance of a recR mutant carrying the recR-yfp gene in the plasmid, the expressed RecR-YFP was found to be functional in improving the UV resistance of the recR deficiency strain.     

不同地域马齿苋总黄酮测定及抗氧化活性比较研究

目的测定不同地域马齿苋总黄酮含量,比较研究其体外抗氧化活性。方法 NaNO_2-Al(NO_3)_3-NaOH比色法测定总黄酮含量,Fenton法、DPPH法和FRAP法研究总黄酮体外抗氧化能力。结果内蒙古、安徽与河南产的马齿苋总黄酮含量分别为6.72%,7.22%,6.92%;对羟自由基清除能力为安徽产的河南产的内蒙古产的,对DPPH自由基清除能力为内蒙古产的河南产的安徽产的,对Fe~(3+)的还原能力为安徽产的内蒙古产的河南产的。结论马齿苋总黄酮有良好的体外抗氧化活性,总黄酮含量及体外抗氧化活性有地域性差别。     

Coupled isomorphic substitution and exsolution of pyroxene,rutile, apatite and quartz in supersilicic garnet

Dissolution of pyroxene in garnet at ultrahigh pressures produces supersilicie garnet with the coupled substitutions of Si^Ⅵ M^Ⅵ= A^Ⅵ A^Ⅵ and Si^Ⅵ Na^Ⅷ=A^Ⅵ M^Ⅷ,which are enhanced by rising pressure. The supersilicic garnet and exsolution of pyroxene, rutile, apatite and quartz in garnet during decompression were found in natural rocks,pointing to the importance in studying mantle-derived rocks and ultrahigh pressure metamorphism related to plate deep subduction. Ti, P, K and H2O enters garnet via the substitutions of Ti = Si, P^Ⅵ Na^Ⅷ = Si^Ⅵ CaⅧ, Si^Ⅵ K^Ⅷ = AI^Ⅵ M^Ⅷ, and [(OH)4]^4- = [SiO4]^4- or [4H]^4 = Si^4 respectively. The possible entering of Eskola pyroxene component M0.5AlSi2O6 in clinopyroxene, together with the common pyroxene component M2Si2O6, into garnet can lead to the presence of the substitution of Si^Ⅵ 0.5□^Ⅷ= A^Ⅵ 0.5M^Ⅷ in garnet structure, which plays a key role in the exsolution of rntile, apatite and quartz in garnet. Two new breakdown reactions are thus proposed on the basis of the new coupled substitution, which can be regarded as a theoretical model for the exsolntion of the 3 minerals in garnet. The real exsolution may be a combination of several breakdown reactions.