流域土壤侵蚀对椒江口悬浮泥沙时空分布的影响

利用通用土壤流失方程,对椒江流域1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年及2015年土壤侵蚀模数进行估算,椒江流域1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年及2015年均达到中等土壤侵蚀的强度,其中,1995年至2010年土壤侵蚀有逐年恶化的趋势,而2010年至2015年有所缓解.基于椒江及河口、近岸的野外实测数据,构建椒江及近岸水体悬浮泥沙浓度遥感定量反演模型,对椒江及近岸水体1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年及2015年悬浮泥沙浓度进行估算,对水体悬浮泥沙的空间分布进行分析,椒江口水体悬浮泥沙浓度表现出较强的空间分布规律及高时空动态性,其中,椒江悬浮泥沙浓度明显高于河口和台州湾;椒江中游累年悬浮泥沙浓度平均值最大,时空动态性最低,受陆相及海相输沙综合影响,易形成悬浮泥沙的最大浑浊带.流域土壤侵蚀量越大,水体悬浮泥沙浓度越高.最后,定量分析了降雨,日照时间和人类活动等因素对河口悬浮泥沙格局影响.降雨作为椒江地表径流的主要来源,对悬浮泥沙也起到一定的“稀释”作用.年内日照时长的增加,加剧了水体水量的损失,削弱水体的“稀释”作用.若以流域内居民地面积表征人类活动强度,其与水体年均悬浮泥沙浓度之间相关性较弱,但其年际变化表现出较高的相关性.     

浙江玉环披山岩礁潮间带贝类种类数量组成与生态特征

为了掌握浙江玉环披山省级海洋特别保护区岩礁潮间带贝类资源状况,于2015年11月、2016年2月、5月、8月,共4次对该区岩礁潮间带的5个断面进行了定量与定性采样调查,并对贝类的种类、数量、区系组成、优势种和物种多样性进行了分析。共鉴定出披山岩礁潮间带贝类33种,隶属于3纲9目17科。根据温度适应性质分,属于4个类群:广温广布性种18种,占54.6%;温带种1种,占3.0%;亚热带种13种,占39.4%;热带种1种,占3.0%。此次调查贝类总平均生物量为413.84 g/m~2,总平均栖息密度为266.71个/m~2。条纹隔贻贝是4个季度的绝对优势种。贝类物种Margalef丰富度指数D为1.75,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H'为1.56,Pielou均匀度指数J'为0.67。研究表明,玉环披山潮间带贝类多样性指数属正常范围,显示未过度开发。     

基于附着藻类多样性和TLI的府河水质评价

府河是白洋淀重要的源头河流,其水质直接影响白洋淀水质的优劣.为了了解府河水质的时空变化,2016年4月至11月在府河设置10个采样点,在白洋淀的鲥鯸淀设置1个采样点,对府河附着藻类多样性进行了调查研究,并对府河的水质进行了综合营养评价,分析了其对白洋淀水质的潜在影响. 结果表明:1)府河附着藻类以硅藻门、绿藻门和蓝藻门种类为优势种,共计6门147种(属).从时间维度上,夏季分布最多,秋季分布最少.从空间维度上,鲥鯸淀采样点的种类最多,东湖采样点的种类最少;2)府河附着藻类的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和Margalef多样性指数(M)具有一致的变化趋势,夏季普遍高于春秋两季,而Pielou均匀度指数(J)秋季较高,H'、M和J最高值均出现在鲥鯸淀采样点,H'和M最低值均出现在望亭采样点,J最低值出现在东湖采样点;3)综合营养状态指数(TLI)表明,春季和夏季水体中以轻度富营养化的水体为主,秋季水体主要以中营养程度为主.从空间维度上看,北湖和鲥鯸淀采样点的TLI普遍较低.不同的评价方法对府河水质的评价结果基本一致.府河水质随季节和空间变化的现象明显,秋季水质最优,春季水质最差,上游水质最差,北湖水质最好.本研究利用2种评价方法对府河水质进行了评价,为府河和白洋淀生态修复提供了基础数据和理论支持.     

浙江岱山岛潮间带大型底栖动物的群落结构

分析了浙江岱山岛潮间带大型底栖动物的种类组成、数量分布和生物多样性等群落结构特征.该海域潮间带调查采获的大型底栖动物标本26种,其中软体动物16种,节肢动物6种,脊索动物2种,腔肠动物与环节动物各1种.潮问带大型底栖动物总平均生物量为279.22g/m2,总平均栖息密度为493 ind/m2.在各类群底栖动物中,平均生物量及密度都以软体动物居首位.岱山岛潮间带大型底栖动物的多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数的分布范围分别在1.176～2.115、0.833～1.897和0.565～0.801,平均值分别为1.490±0.429、1.223±0.465和0.654±0.104.岱山潮间带大型底栖动物ABC曲线分析表明底栖动物群落中度的污染或者干扰.     

广东闸坡潮间带大型底栖动物的群落特征

分析了广东省闸坡潮间带生物的种类组成、数量分布和生物多样性等特点。结果表明,该海域潮间带调查采获的潮间带生物标本共55科80种,以软体动物和甲壳类出现的种类最多,两者占了总种类数的85%,其中部分属经济价值较高的种类。潮间带生物总平均生物量为7 420.92 g/m2,总平均栖息密度为3 929.93 ind/m2。全年各类群生物中,平均生物量及栖息密度都以软体动物居首位。其Shannon-Weaner多样性指数(H)属中等水平,分布范围在1.657～4.226,平均为2.848;均匀度(J′)为0.390～0.721,平均为0.612;种类丰度(D)为2.062～4.234,平均为2.964。     

浙江中部近海及其邻近海域春季鱼类群落结构及其多样性

根据2008年5月(春季)对东海区(27°00'～31°00'N,121°30'～126°30'E)主要渔场重要渔业资源调查资料,分析了浙江中部及其邻近海域的鱼类种类组成、优势度、多样性等群落结构特征.本次调查共捕获鱼类485.5 kg,75 873尾,76种,隶属于14目48科.其中,暖水种(WW)最多,有46种,占总种类数的60.5%;暖温种(WT)次之,有27种,占35.5%;冷温种(CT)最少,仅3种,占4.0%.春季浙江中部及其邻近海域优势种有带鱼、鳄齿鱼、麦氏犀鳕,常见种是六斑刺鲀、七星底灯鱼、小黄鱼、竹荚鱼.通过对带鱼、鳄齿鱼、麦氏犀鳕和小黄鱼的生物量分布特点分析发现,带鱼在28°30'～29°30'N,125°00'E以西海域的生物量最为丰富;鳄齿鱼在29°00'N以南,125°00'E以西海域生物量最为丰富;麦氏犀鳕在28°00'N以南,123°00'E以西的近岸及舟山渔场以南海域生物量最为丰富;小黄鱼在30°00'～31°00'N,125°00'E以东的外海区生物量最为丰富.多样性指数分析表明,种类丰富度指数(D)值在0.20～1.80之间,Shannon-Wiener多样度指数(H')值在0.05～0.85之间,种类均匀度指数(J')值在0.01～1.50之间.种类丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样度指数(H')、种类均匀度指数(J')三种群落多样性指数与水深、底层水温、底层盐度均呈显著性正相关(P＜0.01).     

椒江口海域大型底栖动物群落结构的研究

2010年4月(春)、7月(夏)和10月(秋)对椒江口海域的大型底栖动物进行调查,分析了椒江口海域大型底栖动物的种类组成、优势种、丰度、生物量和生物多样性等群落特征的季节变化,并初步研究了底栖动物群落结构的季节差异及其与环境因子的关系.3个航次调查共采集到大型底栖动物60种,夏季种类最多,为48种;加州中蚓虫在三季均为第一优势种;夏季丰度最高,为187.11ind/m2;秋季生物量最高,为69.82g/m2;不同季节Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)和Margalef物种丰富度指数(d)存在显著差异,Pielou均匀度指数(J)季节差异不显著;底层水温、溶解氧与悬浮物是影响椒江口海域大型底栖动物群落特征的主要环境因子;系统聚类和MDS排序分析表明,大型底栖动物的分布具有显著的环境空间异质性,可以划分为5个群落.     

南岭国家森林公园叶蜂种类组成及其多样性

通过对广东南岭国家森林公园叶蜂种类组成、分布和种群数量的凋查,计算相对多度指数Ra、丰富度指数DMA、Shannon-wiener多样性指数H1和均匀度指数J1;用Serenson相似性系数CS对不同样地叶蜂群落进行聚类分析.研究结果发现.南岭国家森林公园共有叶蜂65种,隶属于3科36属.不同月份和不同样地的DMA取值分别在3.159 7～5.906 6和2.055 6～5.739 5,H'分别在1.759 1～2.476 3和1.213 6～2.745 1,J'分别在0.649 6～0.909 9和0.473 1～0.962 9.对环境因子与多样性指数进行相关分析,结果表明环境因子(温度、湿度)与多样性指数没有明显的相关性.根据不同样地叶蜂群落的Cs进行聚类分析,6个样地的群落相似性系数在0.102 5时全部聚合在一起.同时,探讨了海拔差异不大时,小生境对叶蜂多样性的影响;分析了乳源保护站和瀑布群相似性系数最高的原因.     

福建省福鼎市后屿湾红树林区水体浮游植物群落动态研究

于2001年1月~2003年1月对福建省福鼎市后屿湾红树林区水体浮游植物种类和数量的季节变化等进行了研究.结果表明:浮游植物的优势种除了2001 年 1 月是裸藻类的密盘裸藻(Euglena wangi)外,其余季节优势种均为硅藻类,长菱形藻(Nitzschia longissima)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)是常出现的优势种,还有一些甲藻和绿藻偶尔出现.本次调查共鉴定浮游植物32属77种(包括变种),其中硅藻门29属74种(包括变种),甲藻门1属1种,绿藻门1属1种,裸藻门1属1种.浮游植物密度变化范围为1.14×104~1.16×106 个/L,平均为 3.21×105 个/L,季节变化为单峰型.福鼎红树林区水体中浮游植物的群落组成以河口性种类为主,红树林潮间带底栖硅藻在浮游植物中占有较大的比例,与潮汐和风浪冲刷有关.     

入海河口退化生境阶梯式生态修复策略构想

基于河口生态系统的结构与功能,结合近年来中国主要河流入海污染物的主要种类及含量,提出入海河口生境阶梯式生态修复策略,主要包含:河口"上游段—中游段—下游段"纵向阶梯式生态修复技术体系;河口各段"潮上带—潮间带—潮下带"横向阶梯式生态修复技术体系;污染物在河口从上至下各段(上游段—中游段—下游段)各带(潮上带—潮间带—潮下带)阶梯式消减技术体系;"污染物源头处理—河口污染物生态修复"阶梯式生态修复技术策略。并对这些策略给予理论论证,为构建入海河口生态修复技术体系,消减陆源污染物经河口进入海洋提供新思路。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the