大肠杆菌pheA与tyrB基因的克隆与串联表达

为探讨用基因工程的手段改良苯丙氨酸的发酵菌株，采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）的方法，从大肠杆菌总ＤＮＡ中克隆得到了编码苯丙氨酸合成途中的两个关键酶基因－即分枝酸变位酶（ＣＭ）／预苯酸脱水酶（ＰＤ）基因ｐｈｅＡ与苯丙氨酸转氨酶（ＰＡＴ）基因ｔｙｒＢ，在大肠杆菌中进行了这两个基因的单个和串联表达。ｐｈｅＡ和ｔｙｒＢ基因分别都能在λ噬菌体的ＰＲ启动子之后得到较大量的表达，在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ上出现清晰的条带，     

产苯丙氨酸解氨酶重组大肠杆菌的培养

L-苯丙氨酸是人体8种必需氨基酸之一。酶法转化是目前生产L-苯丙氨酸的主要方法。为了提高苯丙氨酸解氨酶的产量,对可高效表达苯丙氨酸解氨酶基因的重组大肠杆菌JM105进行培养,对发酵过程中pH值对工程菌生长的影响进行了研究。结果表明,摇瓶培养条件下,控制发酵过程中发酵液的pH值可显著提高菌体产量,当控制pH值为7.0左右时,菌体量比对照高87%。在初始pH值为7.5的情况下,培养10h后将培养液pH值分别调整为5.5、6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5和8.0,则以pH值为7.5时的菌体量最高。10L发酵罐中控制发酵液pH值为7.5,菌体密度可达A600=20mol/L（DCW=11g/L）,比不控制pH值高出33%。试验结果为进一步开展该工程菌的高密度培养提供了一定的参考。     

活菌制剂HL－08菌的液体发酵培养

本文报告了活菌制剂ＨＬ－０８菌的液体培养研究。对培养基的营养成分作了筛选，并通过正交实验对成分的配比进行了优化，可使茵体浓度达１７．７×１０９个／ｍｌ。对ＨＬ－０８菌的培养条件也作了试验，当装液量为２５ｍｌ，培养温度为３４－３５℃，培养基起始ｐＨ为６．５－７．０，接种量为８－１０×１０６个／ｍｌ时，可获得理想的结果。另外，还对发酵过程进行了测定，确定了摇瓶发酵周期（４８小时），也为大规模培养ＨＬ－０８菌提供了可靠的基础数据。     

麦角隐亭产生菌的营养条件

麦角菌「Ｃｌａｖｉｃｅｐｓ ｐｕｒｐｕｒｅａ（Ｆｒ．）Ｔｕｌ．ＡＴＣＣ２００１９」发酵生产麦角隐亭的最佳碳源是蔗糖或工业葡萄糖，蔗糖的最适浓度为３０％，麦角 产量为９７．８－１０９．３μｇ／ｍＬ；发酵前期在１０％蔗糖培养基中再补加２０％蔗糖，可使产碱量比直接用３０％蔗糖的产碱量增加到１１１．９μｇ／ｍＬ，最佳氮源是酵母粉，蛋白胨，蚕蛹粉和黄豆饼粉。     

麦迪霉素发酵过程中菌量测定的研究

探索了一种麦迪霉素发酵过程中菌量间接测定方法二苯胺显色法测定发酵液中ＤＮＡ含量并测得生米加链霉菌中ＤＮＡ的比质量含量为１．８４×１０－２．该方法重现性好、准确度和精密度较高，用于含固形物的发酵液中菌量测定，得到满意结果     

香菇菌深层发酵生产鸟苷酸试验

报道了香菇菌深层发酵生产鸟苷酸试验结果。以香菇菌Ｃｒ－０２１为材料，经多组试验结果分析。得出鸟苷酸产量与菌丝全干重成正比关系。应用Ｌｇ（３＾４）正交试验，得出培养基配方，在此基础上，设计了Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ等３种培养基，并进行了发酵分析，其中Ｂ产鸟苷酸含量为２．１ｇ／Ｌ，氨基氮０．２ｇ／Ｌ。     

苯丙氨酸D,L—对映体—β—环粝精包络物的制备与表征

分别制备了苯丙氨酸Ｄ，Ｌ－对映体－β－环糊精－悄素体系的包络物，通过元素分析、红外光谱、Ｘ－射线粉末衍射和差热分析等方法研究了它们在勹络行为上的差异实验结果： 素存在下，Ｄ－构型的苯丙氨酸和Ｌ－构型的苯丙氨酸与β－环糊精形成的包络物在Ｘ＝射线粉末衍射谱以及热稳定性上有关明显的差别，Ｄ－苯丙氨酸与β－环糊精琪的包络物比Ｌ－苯丙氨酸与β－环精精的络稳定，为进一步将环糊精应用于绝对构型的分析和测定提供依     

恒温发酵与变温发酵柠檬酸过程及其比较

以纤维素水解液为原料，利用黑曲霉发酵柠檬酸。研究了恒温发酵和变温发酵过程，并对二者发酵柠檬酸的产量进行了比较。结果表明：恒温发酵在8h～104h为主要产酸期，在l0h时，产酸量最大；变温发酵可刺激菌体生长，产酸量随时间的增加而增加，与恒温发酵相比，变温发酵初期的产酸量较高，之后，产酸量降低。但变温发酵最终菌体的量要高于恒温发酵。     

L-乳酸发酵培养基的研究

最终试验结果表明，发酵培养基成分为碳源为葡萄糖添加量为6％时L-乳酸的产量8.1g/l，氮源为牛肉膏添加量为2％时L-乳酸的产量9．02g/l，PH为6．5时5．62g/l，均为同一条件下的最高产酸量，最终确定最佳发酵培养基为6％葡萄糖、2％牛肉膏添、PH为6．5。     

苯丙氨酸D，L－对映体－β－环糊精包络物的制备与表征

分别制备了苯丙氨酸Ｄ，Ｌ－对映体－β－环糊精－尿素体系的包给物，通过元素分析、红外光谱、Ｘ－射线粉末衍射和差热分析等方法研究了它们在包络行为上的差异．实验结果表明：在尿素存在下，Ｄ－构型的苯丙氨酸和Ｌ构型的苯丙氨酸与β－环糊精形成的包络物在Ｘ－射线粉末衍射谱以及热稳定性上有着明显的差别，Ｄ－苯丙氨酸与β－环糊精形成的包络物比Ｌ－苯丙氨酸与β－环糊精形成的包络物稳定．这为进一步将环糊精应用于绝对构型的分析和测定提供依据．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.