微重力状态下细水雾雾场特性仿真

针对细水雾灭火在载人航天器安全中的应用,采用计算流体动力学（CFD）的方法进行了研究.在建立压力旋流喷嘴液膜式雾化模型及微重力场雾滴运动轨迹模型的基础上,利用计算流体动力学仿真软件FLUENT中的离散相模型（DPM）分析了微重力状态下细水雾雾场特性,包括微重力下细水雾的雾化图形、速度以及雾粒直径分布.仿真结果表明：微重...     

Study on variation of smoke component concentration with water mist applying

Interaction between water mist and fire smoke is studied by experiments in an ISO 9705 room, The variation of 02, CO and CO2 concentration is disclosed, and the mathematical models of smoke component con- centration with water mist pressure and ventilation speed are established according to the experimental results. It is found in the experiment that the smoke component concentration will break when ventilation speed exceeds 1.5 kg/s. This paper provides necessary theory for water mist technology using in smoke restraining.     

细水雾抑制气体火焰的实验

通过改进wolfhard-parker燃烧器，和对细水雾灭火时不同机理作用的分离实验研究，探讨了在灭火时水雾的蒸发潜热吸热作用、热容吸热作用以及稀释氧气作用在抑制气体扩散火焰方面的相对贡献．实验结果表明，细水雾抑制气体火焰是其稀释氧气、蒸发潜热吸热和热容吸热作用共同作用的过程，且潜热吸热作用比热容吸热作用更明显．在卷吸作用下，可以有更多的细水雾到达火焰内部，因而其对火焰内部温度的影响比水蒸气更大．     

细水雾与火灾烟气相互作用的实验和数值模拟研究

通过模拟实验研究了细水雾与火灾烟气的相互作用,揭示了细水雾作用下烟气温度及组分浓度的变化规律。同时利用FDS程序计算了细水雾作用下烟气温度和组分浓度随时间的变化规律,利用实验数据对计算结果进行了准确性验证。结果表明只要计算网格匹配合理,FDS可以较为准确地预测细水雾作用下烟气温度和组分浓度的变化规律。在实际的细水雾灭火系统工程应用中,可以利用FDS场模拟方法预测灭火过程中火场温度及组分浓度等特性参数的变化规律,这对灭火系统的优化设计具有一定指导意义。     

Preliminary study on interaction of water mist with diffusion flame of liquid fuels

The chemical and physical interaction mechanisms of the water mist with diffusion flame of liquid fuels are investigated.The difference of the thermograms and the thermal field isograms between ethanol flame and kerosene flame with the water mist applica-tion is explained. With the water mist application, the differences between ethanol and kerosene in heat release rate, O_2 and CO concentra-tions of their combustion products, and the temperature of their srnoke are analyzed. At the same time, the interaction mechanism of thewater mist with diffusion flame is presented and their relationship to the fuel species and to the concentration of water mist is described.     

细水雾抑制沥青喷雾火的实验研究

通过实验研究了沥青喷雾燃烧特性以及细水雾抑制沥青喷雾火的有效性.细水雾雾场特性由LDV/APV系统测量.实验中的温度数据由热电偶测量,沥青喷雾火自由燃烧时火焰结构则由热像仪获取.实验结果显示,喷雾火燃烧时最高温度发生在火焰团内部.当压力比比较高时(pw/Pf＞2.65),细水雾对沥青喷雾火有较好的抑制熄灭作用;而当压力...     

细水雾灭火技术研究进展

介绍了细水雾灭火技术在国内的主要研究进展．着重阐述了细水雾雾特性测量方法、雾发生方法及灭火有效性实验，并对细水雾的灭火机理和灭火技术未来的发展方向进行了讨论．细水雾的雾特性参数决定了它的灭火性能，目前对其测量的主要方法有LDV／APV、DPIV及扩展的DPIVS技术．传统的雾发生方法有着或多或少的缺点，因而新型的雾发生方法得到广泛地研究，如气泡雾化，所以我们对不同的雾发生方法进行了比较．此外通过一系列的小尺度和全尺度实验研究了细水雾在不同火灾场景下的灭火有效性．     

Progress in research and application of water mist fire suppression technology

Water mist technology in fire suppression has been a subject of many investigations over the last decade.This paper introduces the concept of water mist technology and discusses its extinguishment mechanisms in comparison with other fire suppression systems briefly. A survey is made on the recent applications of water mist for (1) Class B spray and pool fires in machinery spaces, gas turbine enclosures,combat vehicles, and flammable liquid storage rooms; (2) Class A fires in residential occupancies, marine accommodations and public spaces, heritage buildings and libraries; (3) Class C fires in electronic equipment and computer rooms;and (4) the fires in aircraft onboard cabin and cargo compartments. The paper proceeds to review some new applications of water mist for the Class K fires in commercial cook rooms. Use of water mist for total-ship protection as well as the fire protection of heavy goods vehicle shuttle trains is also investigated. At last, the up-to-date development of corresponding test to evaluate the capabilities and limitaions of water mist is discussed.     

复合型添加剂增强细水雾灭火性能研究

采用实验模拟研究了自制复合型添加剂对细水雾灭火性能的影响．重点考察了细水雾灭火有效性随添加剂浓度的变化规律．结果表明：复合型添加剂显著增强了细水雾的灭火性能，最大可缩短灭火时间5～8倍。并且随着细水雾中添加剂含量的不断增加，油池火的灭火时间呈现出先快速下降，尔后略微增长的趋势；而木垛火的灭火时间则表现为平缓下降，并趋于饱和．对应最短灭火时间，油池火的最佳添加剂灭火浓度约为临界胶束浓度（CMC）的2～3倍，木垛火的最佳添加剂灭火浓度为临界胶束浓度的（CMC）8～10倍．含添加剂细水雾扑灭火焰是物理化学复合作用机制，但主导灭火机理是燃料表面的冷却与隔离作用．并且对于油池火，添加剂灭火关键是表面活性剂在油面快速成膜．而对于木垛火，添加剂灭火关键是在表面覆盖较厚泡沫层．     

Effects of water mist addition on kerosene pool fire

The use of water mist to extinguish fire is a problem of particular interest since the banning of halogen-based agents for environmental reasons. This interest is reflected in the large number of researches performed on the main fire-extinguishing mechanisms of water mist： heat extraction, oxygen displacement and attenuation of heat fluxes. In contrast, there are still little known about the chemical and some other aspects of water mist addition on the pool fire. In this paper, a phenomenological study was conducted of the effect of water mist addition on the kerosene pool fire through the measurement of the heat release rate, CO, CO2 and O2 species concentration in combustion. The experimental results show that there is a significant enhancement effect at the beginning stage of water mist addition. Then, the flame size was decreased abruptly. By physical suppression effect combined with chemical effect, the experiments＇ results are explained especially. The study of effects of water mist on pool fire will be useful for optimizing designation of water mist fire-suppression system, improving the fire suppression efficiency and extending their application field.     

Experimental studies on interaction of water mist with class K fires

Interaction of water mist with cooking oil fires is studied experimentally and theoretically. A LDV/APV system is used to measure the velocity and diameter of water mist at different pressures in the experiments,and the effect of water mist velocity and diameter on fire extinguishment efficiency is investi-gated. The experimental results show that water mist has excellent surface cooling effect; it can control and extinguish cooking oil fires quickly without re-ignition. The critical temperature (Tfo) is calculated by energy balance equation,and the fire plume momentum is calculated and compared with that of water mist in order to determine the critical velocity (νwy) of fire extinguishment. This paper provides references for cooking oil fires extinguishment with water mist.     

某地下通道(隧道)细水雾灭火有效性的FDS模拟研究

细水雾灭火技术作为一种较为现代的灭火技术正被广泛的应用于隧道(地下通道)的灭火工作中。本文利用FDS模拟研究证实了成都某商业区地下通道(隧道)中细水雾灭火技术的有效性。细水雾灭火应与机械排烟合理有效的结合才能够达到最佳的灭火效果。     

新型细水雾添加剂的制备及其灭火性能评价

在研究传统细水雾添加剂的基础上,取长补短,采用物理工艺制备出新型复合添加剂,针对典型火源（酒精池火、煤油池火与木垛火）,改变添加剂浓度开展了一系列灭火实验。结果表明：新型复合添加剂显著增强了细水雾的灭火性能,可提高灭火时间5～8倍。随着细水雾中添加剂含量的不断增加,油池火的灭火时间呈现出先快速下降,而后略微增长的趋势;而木垛火的灭火时间表现为平缓下降,并趋于稳定。含新型复合添加剂的细水雾灭火是物理化学复合作用机制,但主导灭火机理是燃料表面的冷却与隔离作用。     

水喷淋作用下室内火灾数值模拟研究

在3.5m×3m的小室内,采用煤油模拟油池火,进行细水雾灭火模拟试验,运用fluent研究小室内的温度场分布和雾滴在腔室中的运动及其与火源的相互作用,其结果表明:火灾发生10s后,火场基本达到稳定,喷嘴开始响应,故随时间的推移,右侧温度降低较快,左侧温度几乎保持不变,而水滴的冷却能力有限,故模拟最后仍存在一个墙壁羽流。在高温条件下,粒径较小的水滴蒸发,粒径较大的水滴向左运动。Fluent能很好的模拟水滴与高温烟气的相互作用。     

Experimental studies on electrical breakdown field strength of electrode with water mist containing MC additives

Water mist is one of the effective candidates for halon replacement used in electrical environment fire protection. Water mist additives may greatly enhance fire suppression effectiveness. In electrical environment, electrical breakdown field strength （E） is one of the important factors that control the performance of electrical equipment. In this study the variation principles of electrical breakdown field strength and the electricai characteristics of MC additives were investigated by electrode discharging experiments. Experimental results showed that electrical breakdown field strength was impacted obviously by the conductive metal ions and insulated fluorocarbon surfactants in MC additives. The attenuation percentages of E in different experimental cases were described, thus providing scientific guidance for the use of water mist and MC additives in electrical fire suppression.     

细水雾扑灭B类火的全尺度实验

根据IMO有关测试规范的要求，进行了一系列全尺度动力机舱模拟灭火实验。实验中采用的是局部保护细水雾灭火系统，通过改变通风条件、预燃时间、喷雾方式及火焰功率等因素，考察了它们对系统灭火有效性的影响。实验结果表明，细水雾系统可有效扑灭动力机舱内设定的各种工况下的油池火和油雾火，与气体灭火系统相比，受通风条件影响小，能有效降低室内温度及CO、CO2浓度，因而系统工作期间消防人员和操作人员可安全进入。在油池火灭火实验中发现通过火焰冷却灭火时所需时间较短，而依靠燃料表面冷却灭火时则时间较长。此外研究结果还显示，采用侧喷方式时，系统的灭火性能将大大提高，而较长的预燃时间则有利于细水雾扑灭油雾火。     

船舶典型舱室内细水雾灭火降温性能仿真研究

细水雾灭火系统在船舶消防领域得到广泛应用,但是针对船舶舱室细水雾灭火性能的研究相对有限。为探究细水雾对船舶火灾灭火的有效性,采用FDS软件,针对细水雾在两类典型的船舶舱室（大空间的储存舱室和小空间的起居舱室）发生火灾后的灭火效果进行了仿真模拟研究。分析了粒径、雾化角度和流量系数对灭火降温性能的影响。仿真结果表明,大空间的储存舱室内细水雾灭火性能不佳,不能进行灭火降温;小空间的起居舱室内细水雾灭火降温性能相对良好。揭示了细水雾在起居舱室内的灭火性能随粒径减小而增强、随雾化角度减小而增强、随流量系数增大而增强的演化特性。     

Research on the effect of the component proportion in the new water mist additive on firefighting performance

Water mist technology provides efficient firefighting performance while there is still room for improve- ment. So varieties of additives have been studied in recent years both at home and abroad. The self-made additives are used to compare the firefighting performance of diesel and heptane fire in open space. By adjusting the concen- tration of substance in the additives and conducting the experiment under the pressure of 0.3 MPa, 0.5 MPa and 0.7 MPa, extinguish time and temperature are measured in the experiment. Through the experiments using diffe- rent fuels, it can be found when the fuel is heptane that has a lower ignition point and a higher evaporation rate, the water mist additive can still significantly improve the firefighting performance. According to the data based on different concentrations of fluorinated surfactants, we find that fluorinated surfactants are the main substance to improve the performances by changing physical property of water mist. Optimal proportion of the additives for fire- fighting performance is found by experiment results.     

低压环境下氮气-水低压双流体细水雾抑灭油池火研究

基于民用飞机货舱低压变动环境下火灾特点,进一步探寻低压双流体细水雾灭火技术在低压环境的应用。采用马尔文粒径仪和低压燃烧测试舱等设备,对自行研发N2-水低压双流体细水雾系统进行测试,研究该系统的雾场特性和低压环境下的灭火特性机理。发现N2压力低于0.4Mpa便可得到雾场均匀、粒径较小且方便可调双流体细水雾。低压舱内灭火实验结果表明,在低压下可有效地扑灭油池火,灭火时间呈现随环境压力降低而减小趋势。揭示火焰周围逆流扩散流动场和水雾对火焰与油面的冷却隔离作用,在抑灭油火中的重要作用。     

细水雾室外环境降温效果的数值模拟

利用CFD 软件Fluent的Realizable k-ε模型和离散相模型对不同液滴粒径的细水雾室外环境降温效果进行数值模拟,模拟了夏季室外大空间环境中的细水雾弥散输运过程和传热传质特性,获得细水雾气液两相流动的流场、温度场和湿度场的分布情况,并对某工况的降温效果进行人体舒适度指数预报.模拟结果表明,小粒径液滴主要在射流的起始段和过渡段中蒸发,大粒径液滴在射流的核心区与回流区中蒸发;增大液滴直径后,细水雾的蒸发时间延长,细水雾降温效果增强,降温影响空间扩大.不同身高的人群均可以感觉到明显的降温作用;增大液滴直径后,细水雾增湿范围扩大,增湿幅度基本不变,不会造成局部环境相对湿度的明显增加;细水雾室外环境降温可以有效降低人体舒适度指数,有效改善室外环境质量.