Photonic integrated technology for multi-wavelength laser emission

We summarized the design, fabrication challenges and important technologies for multi-wavelength laser transmitting photonic integration. Technologies discussed include multi-wavelength laser arrays, monolithic integration and modularizing coupling and packaging. Fabrication technique requirements have significantly declined with the rise of reconstruction-equivalent-chirp and second nanoimprint mask technologies. The monolithic integration problem between active and passive waveguides can be overcome with Butt-joint and InP array waveguide grating technologies. The dynamic characteristics of multi-factors will be simultaneously measured with multi-port analyzing modules. The performance of photonic integration chips is significantly improved with the autoecious factors compensation packaging technique.     

Photonic integrated technology for multi-wavelength laser emission

We summarized the design, fabrication challenges and important technologies for multi-wavelength laser transmitting photonic integration. Technologies discussed include multi-wavelength laser arrays, monolithic integration and modularizing coupling and packaging. Fabrication technique requirements have significantly declined with the rise of reconstruction-equivalent-chirp and second nanoimprint mask technologies. The monolithic integration problem between active and passive waveguides can be overcome with Butt-joint and InP array waveguide grating technologies. The dynamic characteristics of multi-factors will be simultaneously measured with multi-port analyzing modules. The performance of photonic integration chips is significantly improved with the autoecious factors compensation packaging technique.     

用于光纤传感网的窄线宽多波长光纤光源研究

窄线宽多波长光纤光源是光纤传感系统中的重要光源,可同时为多路复用技术中的传感器阵列提供所需的多个工作波长．为此对多波长光纤光源的稳态输出进行了数值模拟,理论分析了未泵浦掺铒光纤长度对输出线宽的窄化作用．同时实验构建了一种带有单程反馈和线宽窄化机制的多波长光纤光源,测量分析了这2种机制以及激光腔输出耦合比对多波长输出结果的影响．实验实现功率谱不平坦度〈土3dB时,多波长个数可达27个,3dB线宽约0．06nm,波长在50GHz范围内整体连续可调．     

基于光子射频波高次倍频的深度融合通信研究

文中提出了基于光子射频高次倍频的微波与光纤深度融合的通信系统架构,从理论上论证了在已调制光信号中只存在奇数光谱边带所携带的调制信息,而偶数光谱边带不包含调制信息,并且在输出光谱边带中不存在二阶光谱边带. 在已调光信号传输到基站后,用中心光谱边带作为下行数据信号传输链路的激光光源,用分离出的低的第四阶光谱边带作为上行基带传输链路的激光光源,用高的和低的第三阶光谱边带拍频产生光子射频波. 通过专业仿真套件对25 km标准单模光纤传输的信号进行了模拟测试,分别得到下行光纤链路信号和上行光纤链路信号的清晰眼图和良好的误码率. 在该系统网络架构中,基站侧没有激光光源,其复杂度降低;利用光子射频波高次倍频直接产生毫米波,极大简化了射频处理单元.     

2μm状态可切换光纤激光器实验研究

报道了一种2μm状态可切换的光纤激光器,该激光器结合萨格纳克环(Sagnac loop)和非线性放大环镜,通过调节泵浦功率和偏振控制器,能够稳定工作在2个不同区域,即多波长工作区(Ⅰ区)和多波长与锁模态可切换工作区(Ⅱ区).Ⅰ区:激光器运行的中心波长为2017.4 nm,获得了19个稳定的波长,且相邻波长间隔为1.03 nm;Ⅱ区:激光器实现了多波长与锁模态之间的灵活切换,多波长态类似于Ⅰ区;其锁模态的脉冲宽度、光谱宽度和信噪比分别为1.62 ns,15.23 nm和34 dB.研究结果对2μm状态可切换光纤激光器输出动力学特性研究具有一定的指导意义.     

单向拓扑密集波分复用光分组交换网络结构及性能分析

提出了在单向网络拓扑下应用密集波分复用技术构造的多波长分组交换网络及其节点结构模型，在此基础上，应用简化的带缓存固定路由算法模拟了网络在稳态下的分组丢失率和归一化节点吞吐量等性能参数．模拟结果表明，密集波分复用(DWDM)技术的应用能使分组交换网络缓存数量急剧减少，整体性能大幅度提高．     

基于多波长SRP的分布式WDM光网络光路建立研究

针对WDM光网络的单波长预留协议中经常出现多个连接请求竞争同一波长而产生冲突的问题,提出将多波长预留概念扩展到分离预留协议以及基于马尔可夫的分离预留协议(MSRP)中。首先,讨论了三种多波长方案,利用多波长进行可能选择和进一步分离,从而减少请求的整体阻塞;然后,将它们与对应的单波长协议进行比较,发现单波长协议的性能得到了明显改善;最后,仿真实验使用三种多波长协议建立光路,比较结果表明,多波长MSRP执行效果最好。     

导数光谱-化学计量学方法测定制浆废水COD

针对传统化学需氧量(COD)检测方法较为繁琐的问题,文中提出了导数光谱-化学计量学方法来快速测定制浆废水COD.该方法是通过化学计量学软件,根据一组已知COD制浆废水的多波长导数光谱和所对应的COD之间的数学关系,建立校正模型;然后将未知水样的导数光谱信息输入校正模型中即可预测其COD值.该方法无需使用化学试剂,快速、准确、便捷,为制浆废水COD检测提供了一个新方法.     

High pulse energy femtosecond large-mode-area photonic crystal fiber laser

A high pulse energy femtosecond fiber laser based on a large-mode-area photonic crystal fiber is demonstrated. A segment of Yb-doped single-polarization large-mode-area photonic crystal fiber with extremely low nonlinearity is explored as gain media of this fiber laser, resulting in intrinsically envi- ronmentally stability. The fiber laser is based on a linear cavity with dispersion compensation free con- figuration, and the stable mode-locking is obtained by a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror （SESAM）. The fiber laser directly generates 2.5 W of average power at a repetition rate of 51.4 MHz, corresponding to a single pulse energy of 50 nJ. The output pulse duration is 4.2 ps, which is dechirped to 410 fs after extracavity dispersion compensation. The nonlinear absorption of SESAM determines the pulse shaping at low output power, while the mode-locking mechanism is under the balance between spectrum broadening from self-phase-modulation and gain filtering at the high output power.     

大学生对STEAM教育的认识现状及对策研究——基于全国58所高校的数据分析

近年来,STEAM教育已在我国数千所中小学蓬勃开展,在实践应用和理论探索上已取得重要成效,却鲜见关于大学生对其认识的研究。围绕大学生对STEAM教育的认识,对全国58所不同类型高校的大学生展开调查,发现大学生对STEAM教育熟悉度低,且存在学历差异;对STEAM教育的内涵认可度尚可,但对特征和活动形式的认可度不高;对STEAM教育的态度表现积极,但存在性别和学历差异;STEAM教育实际成效差强人意,存在学历差异。针对上述问题,建议加强STEAM教育顶层设计,加快STEAM教育发展进程;形成丰富多彩的校本化、社区式的实践场景,积极探索STEAM教育在高校中的相关活动;重视本科生STEAM教育的发展,满足学生的个性化学习需求;凝聚发展合力,最大限度发挥STEAM教育的应然实效。     

基于激光通信链路的星间时间同步技术

时间同步技术对于导航、定位、授时都有重要作用,是空间应用领域的热门方向.激光通信技术具有通信容量大、保密性和抗干扰性强等优点,因此受到越来越广泛的应用.本文提出了基于激光通信链路的时间同步技术,通过数据帧头实现粗测距,通过接收时钟相位实现精测距.通过理论分析,获得了基于激光通信链路的时间同步精度的理论极限,并进行模拟仿真计算.在双向单程测距条件下,1 Gbps通信速率时可以获得毫米级的测量精度和皮秒级的时间同步精度.采用BPSK相干通信体制,在实验室进行了基于激光通信链路的时间同步试验,结果符合理论预期.     

Thresholdless nanoscale coaxial lasers

The effects of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), caused by the interaction of matter and the electromagnetic field in subwavelength resonant structures, have been the subject of intense research in recent years. The generation of coherent radiation by subwavelength resonant structures has attracted considerable interest, not only as a means of exploring the QED effects that emerge at small volume, but also for its potential in applications ranging from on-chip optical communication to ultrahigh-resolution and high-throughput imaging, sensing and spectroscopy. One such strand of research is aimed at developing the 'ultimate' nanolaser: a scalable, low-threshold, efficient source of radiation that operates at room temperature and occupies a small volume on a chip. Different resonators have been proposed for the realization of such a nanolaser--microdisk and photonic bandgap resonators, and, more recently, metallic, metallo-dielectric and plasmonic resonators. But progress towards realizing the ultimate nanolaser has been hindered by the lack of a systematic approach to scaling down the size of the laser cavity without significantly increasing the threshold power required for lasing. Here we describe a family of coaxial nanostructured cavities that potentially solve the resonator scalability challenge by means of their geometry and metal composition. Using these coaxial nanocavities, we demonstrate the smallest room-temperature, continuous-wave telecommunications-frequency laser to date. In addition, by further modifying the design of these coaxial nanocavities, we achieve thresholdless lasing with a broadband gain medium. In addition to enabling laser applications, these nanoscale resonators should provide a powerful platform for the development of other QED devices and metamaterials in which atom-field interactions generate new functionalities.     

一种点线特征融合的双目同时定位与地图构建方法

基于特征点的视觉同时定位与构图方法依赖于图像质量以及可提取的特征点数量,且稀疏的特征点不能直观表达环境的结构信息。为此,提出一种将图像的点特征和线段特征融合的双目同时定位与构图方法。算法前端提取图像的点特征和线段特征,进行特征跟踪并完成相机位姿求解,从跟踪线程中分离出特征提取线程,进一步提升了前端线程的帧率。后端采用集束调整对局部地图进行优化,利用基于词袋模型的闭环检测以抑制系统的累积误差。最后结合点线特征共同构建环境地图。在公开数据集上进行了实验,与当前主流算法相比,提出的算法在保证定位精度的同时能够获得更丰富的环境地图,具备较好的鲁棒性与实时性。     

TeV耀变体的高能伽玛射线辐射研究

基于双幂率电子谱,考虑了源内极端相对论性电子的逆康普顿散射过程和源外极端相对论性质子与背景光子相互作用(pγ相互作用)对高能伽玛射线辐射能谱的贡献。结合Fermi-LAT最新的观测结果,假定一个合理的电子谱和质子谱,将模型应用于TeV耀变体PKS 2155-304宁静态下的多波段辐射能谱。研究结果表明,上述过程能产生PKS 2155-304宁静态下的多波段辐射能谱,且pγ相互作用产生的次级辐射对高能伽玛射线能谱有明显的贡献。     

Trapping and emission of photons by a single defect in a photonic bandgap structure

By introducing artificial defects and/or light-emitters into photonic bandgap structures, it should be possible to manipulate photons. For example, it has been predicted that strong localization (or trapping) of photons should occur in structures with single defects, and that the propagation of photons should be controllable using arrays of defects. But there has been little experimental progress in this regard, with the exception of a laser based on a single-defect photonic crystal. Here we demonstrate photon trapping by a single defect that has been created artificially inside a two-dimensional photonic bandgap structure. Photons propagating through a linear waveguide are trapped by the defect, which then emits them to free space. We envisage that this phenomenon may be used in ultra-small optical devices whose function is to selectively drop (or add) photons with various energies from (or to) optical communication traffic. More generally, our work should facilitate the development of all-optical circuits incorporating photonic bandgap waveguides and resonators.     

光子微波信号的亚谐波产生技术

光子微波信号的频率变换技术在光子微波技术中具有重要意义。然而由于光子器件的相对不成熟以及光子自身的物理特性,光子微波信号在亚谐波产生方面还面临许多困难。本文对外光注入激光器的倍周期、全光反馈、光电混合反馈以及光纤锁模腔结构的光子微波信号亚谐波产生的典型方法和原理进行介绍,并对这些方案进行总结评述,探讨光子微波信号亚谐波产生的发展方向。     

基于场景参考帧的预测帧刷新

为了阻止无线网络视频传输中由于丢包和误码而引发的差错扩散,提出了一种基于场景参考帧的预测帧刷新的抗差错策略.通过对视频序列的分割,对场景内需要同步刷新的视频帧进行基于场景参考帧的预测编码,获得相应预测帧,在编解码端同步场景标志和刷新标志,从而实现预测帧刷新.试验结果表明,与传统的I帧刷新策略相比,在需要高I帧刷新率的不可靠无线网络中,文中策略能够在保持相似重建视频质量的前提下,使帧比特率显著下降.     

光子晶体及其应用研究

对光子晶体的性质和应用,如光局域化或光子晶体波导,甚至于是沿着一个很尖锐的弯曲的光子晶体波导能力,以及光子晶体激光器,进行了讨论.在这一技术领域,有许多基础方面的特点被认为是正确的,但却没有给出严格的证明.这是由于下列两方面的原因,第一是这个新领域发展的非常迅速,第二是由于在光子晶体中分析电磁波是很困难的,除了使用计算机去得到定量结果外,没有别的选择.板型的光子晶体(带有一个周期性空洞系统的高折射率板片),对高集成的光电路器件来说,也许是最佳结构.     

针对射频相对测量敏感器的快速标定方法

在卫星编队飞行系统中,射频（radio frequency,RF）相对测量敏感器能够完成两颗卫星的相对位置和姿态的测量,为了验证其测量精度,提出了一种基于激光跟踪仪的快速标定方法.在标定过程中,针对拟合坐标原点和坐标轴产生误差较大的问题,提出了一种基于最小二乘拟合球体和圆的方法,分别确定坐标系的原点和坐标轴;利用坐标系间的固有关系设计了相对坐标系的快速转换方法.在飞行器模拟平台进行验证,实验结果表明,拟合坐标系原点均方根误差为0.120 764 mm,拟合坐标轴轴向的均方根误差为0.157 138 mm,坐标系转换误差的范围为0.30~0.75 mm,能够满足敏感器毫米级定位精度的标定要求.      

激光焊接温度场解析计算

提出了一种激光焊接温度场的解析计算方法,将激光作用下形成的小孔区域作为均匀吸收介质,导出介质热源的功率分布三维解析式,以及由该热源引起的无限大薄板的温度场分布解析式。计算和实验验证该解析式的正确性,理论计算和实验结果符合较好,当小孔深度为零时,介质热源即为表面热源,所得到的解析式与其它热传导焊理论解析式一致。