布洛芬固体脂质纳米粒的制备及家兔体内药动学研究

采用乳化分散-超声法制备布洛芬固体脂质纳米粒(IB-SLN),对其粒径、zeta电位、包封率、载药量、体外释放等进行体外评价,并考察IB-SLN经皮给药后兔体内药动学特征.结果显示,研究制备的IB-SLN的平均粒径为(100±20)nm,zeta电位为-43.9mV,包封率为92.6%,载药量为3.33%.兔体内药动学研究显示,IB-SLN可有效促进布洛芬的经皮吸收,布洛芬固体脂质纳米粒凝胶剂经皮给药后的AUC和Cmax分别为640.86ng·h/mL和65.94 ng/mL,分别是布洛芬凝胶剂的12.6倍和4.5倍.研究结果提示,固体脂质纳米粒作为布洛芬经皮给药载体可有效促进药物的透皮吸收,并可使药物缓慢平稳释放,其应用前景广泛.     

Human hepatitis B vaccine from recombinant yeast

The worldwide importance of human hepatitis B virus infection and the toll it takes in chronic liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma, make it imperative that a vaccine be developed for worldwide application. Human hepatitis B vaccines are presently prepared using hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) that is purified from the plasma of human carriers of hepatitis B virus infection. The preparation of hepatitis B vaccine from a human source is restricted by the available supply of infected human plasma and by the need to apply stringent processes that purify the antigen and render it free of infectious hepatitis B virus and other possible living agents that might be present in the plasma. Joint efforts between our laboratories and those of Drs W. Rutter and B. Hall led to the preparation of vectors carrying the DNA sequence for HBsAg and antigen expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we describe the development of hepatitis B vaccine of yeast cell origin. HBsAg of subtype adw was produced in recombinant yeast cell culture, and the purified antigen in alum formulation stimulated production of antibody in mice, grivet monkeys and chimpanzees. Vaccinated chimpanzees were totally protected when challenged intravenously with either homologous or heterologous subtype adr and ayw virus of human serum source. This is the first example of a vaccine produced from recombinant cells which is effective against a human viral infection.     

Hepatitis B polypeptide vaccine preparation in micelle form

The immunoprophylaxis of hepatitis B is hampered by the lack of a technique for growing hepatitis B virus (HBV) in tissue culture. Plasma from persistently infected individuals, one source of viral antigen, contains characteristic 22-nm spherical particles which share a common antigen (the hepatitis B surface antigen or HBsAg) with the outer envelope of the 42-nm double-shelled DNA virus. Highly purified inactivated 22-nm particles have been shown to be safe and to confer protective immunity against HBV in a recent large-scale clinical trial. We have already described the extraction from the particles of a complex of two proteins which are antigenic determinants of HBV--the polypeptide with molecular weight (MW) between 22,000 and 24,000 (called p23) and the glycosylated polypeptide (called gp28) with MW in the range 26,000--29,000 which is thought to be the glycosylated form of p23. We now report the preparation from this complex of water-soluble protein micelles which may be a suitable basis for a second-generation hepatitis B vaccine.     

抗人癌胚抗原单克隆抗体的研制及其在免疫组化中的应用

以高纯CEA为抗原,免疫BALB／c小鼠．取其脾细胞和小鼠SP2／0-Ag14骨髓瘤细胞融合．经2次亚克隆。建立3株稳定分泌抗CEA特异性单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。应用经纯化的该单克隆抗体进行了结肠癌组织切片的免疫组织化学实验．结果显示全部3种抗CEA单克隆抗体对结肠癌亚细胞组分均呈现特异性结合。表明已筛选出适于制作癌胚抗原临床诊断试剂盒所需的特异性单克隆抗体。     

基于DSP的动态无功补偿装置的研制

针对电力系统中无功补偿装置发展的现状,研制出基于DSP控制的TSC低压动态无功补偿装置。系统以无功功率和电压为综合判据控制电容器的自动循环投切,克服了传统无功补偿中只考虑单一因素作为判据的缺陷,有效地消除了电容器轻载投切振荡现象,并通过串联电抗器对谐波进行了很好的抑制。     

海藻酸-羧甲基壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇水凝胶的制备及对蛋白药物释放的探讨简

以牛血清白蛋白（BSA）为模型药物,制备了海藻酸-羧甲基壳聚糖（CMCS）/聚乙烯醇（PVA）复合水凝胶,考察了海藻酸水凝胶微球的粒径和微球在水凝胶基质中的分散性,分析了复合水凝胶基质的结构、溶解分数以及水凝胶在不同pH值下的溶胀率和药物释放。结果表明,药物的累积释放率（犆R）随pH值的升高而升高,当pH值为1．2时CR 为32％,当pH值为6．8时犆R 为53％,当pH值为8．0时CR 达到70％,表明该复合水凝胶的释药性能受pH值的影响较大。     

我国戊型肝炎全病毒抗原抗HEV·IgM酶联诊断盒的临床应用

我国戊型肝炎全病毒抗原抗ＨＥＶ·ＩｇＭ酶联诊断盒的临床应用廖绵初，干侣仙，黄如统，李晓萸，李德荣（厦门大学抗癌研究中心）（军事医学科学院五所）赵炳华（浙江医科大学第一附属医院）从１９８９年正式确立戊型肝炎ＨｅｐａｔｉｔｉｓＥ以来，许多国家都研制其诊断...     

Losartan reduced connexin43 expression in left ventricular myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats

Objective： To assess the effect of angiotensin II type 1 （AT1） receptor antagonist losartan on myocardium connexin43 （Cx43） gap junction （GJ） expression in spontaneously hypertensive rats （SHRs） and investigate possible mechanisms. Methods： Sixteen 9-week-old male SHRs and 8 age-matched male Wistar-Kyoto （WKY） rats were included in this study. SHRs were randomly divided into two groups to receive losartan at 30 mg/（kg·d） by oral gavage once daily for 8 weeks （SHR-L） or vehicle （0.9% saline） to act as controls （SHR-V）; WKY rats receiving vehicle for 8 weeks served as normotensive controls. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed and the hearts were removed. Expressions of Cx43 and nuclear factor-kappaB p65 （NF-κB p65） proteins in all three groups were observed and further investigations on the effect of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan （30 mg/（kg·d）, 8 weeks） on Cx43 expression were conducted with Western blot and immunohistochemistry. NF-κB p65 protein in nuclear extracts was determined by Western blot. Results： Left ventricular （LV） hypertrophy was prominent in SHRs, Cx43 and NF-κB p65 protein expressions were obviously upregulated and Cx43 distribution was dispersed over the cell surface. Treatment with losarton reduced the over-expressions of Cx43 and NF-κB p65 in LV myocardium. The distribution of Cx43 gap junction also became much regular and confined to intercalated disk after losartan treatment. Conclusion： Cx43 level was upregulated in LV myocardium of SHR during early stage of hypertrophy. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan prevented Cx43 gap junction remodeling in hypertrophied left ventricles, possibly through the NF-κB pathway.     

乙肝病毒表面抗原基因植物表达载体的构建

报道了将乙型肝炎病毒（ａｄｗ亚型）表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）基因和ＨＢＡｇ及其前导序列（ＨＢｓＡｇ＋ｐｒｅＳ２）基因分别插入植物表达载体ｐＲｏＫⅡ的ＣａＭＶ３５Ｓ启动子下游,构建为重组质粒ｐＲＨＢ和ｐＲＰ,并将其分别导入农杆菌ＬＢＡ４４０４中。     

2003-2004年南京体院大学新生及体校进队运动员HBsAg(乙肝表面抗原)的检测分析

为了了解我院大学新生和即将进队的体校运动员的身体素质状况，进而协助选拔合格的体育人才，同时，为开展乙肝防治工作进行调查摸底，笔者对上述两类学生1734人进行了HBsAg检测并对检测结果进行了分析。     

Characterization of impurities in the bulk drug lisinopril by liquid chromatography/ion trap spectrometry

Two trace impurities in the bulk drug lisinopril were detected by means of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry （HPLC/MS） with a simple and sensitive method suitable for HPLC/MSn analysis. The fragmentation behavior of lisinopfil and the impurities was investigated, and two unknown impurities were elucidated as 2-（6-amino- l-（l-carboxyethylamino）- l-oxohexan-2-ylamino）-4-phenylbutanoic acid and 6-amino-2-（l-carboxy-3-phenylpropylamino）-hexanoic acid on the basis of the multi-stage mass spectrometry and exact mass evidence, The proposed structures of the two unknown impurities were further confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） experiments after preparative isolation.     

吡咯[2,3-d]嘧啶核苷单磷酸酯的合成和抗HBV活性

以4-取代-9-(2′-脱氧-2′-β-氟-β-D-呋喃糖基)吡咯[2,3-d]嘧啶类化合物为原料,与三氯氧磷一锅法合成出具有新型结构的吡咯[2,3-d]嘧啶核苷单磷酸酯类化合物,其化学结构经核磁共振磷谱(31P NMR)、核磁共振氢谱(1 H NMR)、高分辨质谱(HRMS)分析确证;对合成的目标化合物进行了初步的体外抗乙肝病毒药理活性实验,结果显示设计合成的7个化合物对乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)和乙型肝炎e抗原(HBeAg)都有一定的抑制作用,其中化合物3a,3d,3f对HBsAg和HBeAg的抑制率较高,3a的毒性较低.     

金属离子及表面活性剂对纤维素酶水解预处理玉米秸秆的影响

研究了不同的金属离子及表面活性剂对纤维素酶水解的影响,试验表明添加某些金属离子及表面活性剂能够促进纤维素酶的水解,其中Cu2 和Tween80促进效果最佳。50g反应体系在pH 5.0、温度50℃、预处理玉米秸秆（PCS）10 wt%、1300纤维素酶(泽生科技)加入量1g条件水解3 h,添加20 mg/L Tween80的水解液中还原糖浓度比不加Tween80时提高21.3%;添加0.13 mmol/LCu2 的水解液中还原糖浓度比不加金属离子时提高38.2%。     

固定翼飞机动力学模型的子空间辨识方法

针对子空间模型辨识(SMI)方法这类线性模型辨识技术存在的建模误差,提出一种两阶段固定翼飞机飞行动力学模型辨识方法.首先采用基于辅助变量的闭环SMI方法辨识飞机的近似线性模型;然后,利用该模型构建扩张状态观测器,从而估计出系统中的非线性动态数据;在此基础上,进一步采用神经网络建立系统非线性动态的分散式模型.最后,利用B747飞机6自由度非线性模型进行系统辨识实验,所得结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

反向线性探针杂交技术检测慢性乙型肝炎病毒拉米夫定耐药研究

目的:建立起简单、快速、灵敏、准确的慢性乙型肝炎病毒拉米夫定耐药位点的反向线性探针(reverse line probe,RLP)检测方法.方法:根据HBV野生及耐药基因序列设计通用探针、3'、5'对称加有poly-C的特异性探针和5'标记生物素的扩增引物.将探针线性固定在硝酸纤维膜上,使HBV PCR扩增产物与探针进行杂交.通过优化杂交条件,建立RLP检测方法.利用该方法对重庆地区86个慢性乙肝病人进行检测,同时与直接测序结果比较.结果:半巢式PCR可对103拷贝/ml的血清样本进行有效特异扩增,新建的RLP检测方法可对PCR扩增产物在1 ng/ml以上,或血清样本中突变型DNA占野生型DNA比例为5％以上的均可有效检测,86例临床的检测灵敏度为100％,野生型和耐药型的检测准确性分别为98.09％(103/105)、100％ (43/43),与直接测序法比,RLP检测野生与耐药混合型准确性更好.结论:反向线性探针杂交检测方法检测HBV拉米夫定耐药位点方便、灵敏、准确,是HBV拉米夫定治疗有效的监控工具,该方法适合临床应用.     

Selective killing of hepatitis B envelope antigen-specific B cells by class I-restricted, exogenous antigen-specific T lymphocytes

Specific B lymphocytes can act as very efficient antigen-presenting cells. They bind antigen with high affinity via their immunoglobulin receptors, process it through the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) pathway, and present its fragments to class II-restricted T lymphocytes. In general, exogenous antigens and noninfectious viral particles enter the class II pathway and are selectively associated with class II MHC molecules. The presentation of an exogenous antigen in association with class I molecules has been reported for only a few antigens, including the hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBenvAg). Here we demonstrate that antigen-specific B cells can efficiently deliver HBenvAg to the class I pathway, presenting its fragments to class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) which kill the specific B cells. This could represent a mechanism of suppression of neutralizing anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) antibody response, a phenomenon that accompanies the development of the chronic HBV-carrier state.     

Nanoscale structural and electronic evolution for increased efficiency in polymer solar cells monitored by electric scanning probe microscopy

Control of blend morphology at multi-scale is critical for optimizing the power conversion efficiency （PCE） of plastic solar cells. To better understand the physics of photoactive layer in the organic photovoltaic devices, it is necessary to gain understanding of morphol- ogy and the corresponding electronic property. Herein we report the correlation between nanoscale structural, electric properties of bulk heterojunction （BHJ） solar cells and the annealing-induced PCE change. We demonstrate that the PCE of BHJ solar cells are dramatically improved （from 1.3 % to 4.6 %） by thermal annealing, which results from P3HT crystalline stacking and the PCBM aggregation for interpenetrated network. The similar trend for annealing- induced photovoltage and PCE evolution present as an initial increase followed by a decrease with the annealing time and temperature. The surface roughness increase slowly and then abruptly after the same inflection points observed for photovoltage and PCE. The phase images in electric force microscopy indicate the optimized P3HT and PCBM crystallization for interpenetrating network formation considering the spectroscopic results as well. From the correlation between surface photovoltage, blend morphology, and PCE, we propose a model to illustrate the film structure and its evolution under different annealing conditions. This work would benefit the better design and optimization of the morphology and local electric proper- ties of solar cell active layers for improved PCE.     

共价固定乙肝表面抗体电容型免疫传感器研究

利用硫脲中的硫原子和金之间强的共价效应,以及氨基与醛基的键合作用,将乙肝表面抗体(HBsAb)牢牢的固定在金电极表面,同时通过十二硫醇封闭电极,从而制得高灵敏、高稳定电容型乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)免疫传感器。通过交流阻抗技术考察了溶液pH值和离子强度对电极性能的影响。结果表明:该免疫传感器操作简便,易于再生,电容响应与乙肝表面抗原浓度在7.5~750 ng.mL-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1.9 ng/mL。