虚波长技术在光网络中的应用

介绍了虚波长路由概念、实现波长转换的核心单元OTU的工作原理和最新进展，讨论了虚波长技术在DWDM系统、光分组交换、下一代网络NGN中的主要应用方案和发挥的作用。     

全光网络迂回路由的算法及性能分析

分别对波长通道（ＷＰ）和虚波长通道（ＶＷＰ）两种机制的全光网络迂回路由算法的阻塞性能进行了数值分析，并给出了一个任意拓扑全光网络的计算机数值模拟，对比了两种机制的网络阻塞性能。     

双棱镜干涉实验中虚光源位置的精确解

针对实验教材和文献中两虚光源位置被近似为与狭缝光源共面,会对实验结果精度和稳定性产生较大影响的问题,通过两虚光源位置形成的光路图,给出了虚光源与双棱镜间距的精确解析式,并利用实验数据讨论了狭缝光源到光屏在较大范围内(800~1900 mm)变化时光源波长的精度和稳定性。此外,给出了以往常用的近似公式的修正形式。     

基于波长共享WDM PON媒质接入控制算法研究

对WDM光接入网的媒质接入控制协议进行了研究，基于前跳虚时钟算法和波长分配提出了一种新的WDM PON媒质接入控制算法，该算法不仅具有确定的时延保证和公平性，还能够充分利用剩余波长信道，提高了网络承载业务的能力。     

双棱镜干涉实验中两虚光源的位置及像散的影响

计算出了两虚光源的坐标位置。分析讨论了在测光波长的实验中,用会聚透镜成像法得到的实验结果偏大的原因,是由于狭缝发出的单心性光束经双棱镜折射后,变成了像散性光束,测到的两虚光源的像之间的距离实际上是两虚光源的子午焦线之间的距离。为了减小系统误差,应该采用双棱镜移位法。     

一种新型的动态路由和波长分配综合算法

讨论了WDM光网中，在动态业务流量和有限范围波长变换情况下的动态路由和波长分配问题。基于Moone-Dijkstra算法，考虑到动态波长变换的可能和限制，提出了一种新型的、可实现动态最小代价路由和最佳虚波长通道的综合启发式算法(DMC-OVWP)。该算法对路由子问题和波长分配子问题既相互独立，又相互结合，优化了RWA。以中国教育和科研计算机网(CERNET)为拓扑背景，基于本算法进行了计算机仿真，并对实验结果进行了比较分析，证明本算法可充分利用网络信息获取较低的阻塞率。     

波长路由多纤环网的优化设计

在给出波长路由环网模型的基础上,提出了一种新的整数线性规划公式以解决波长路由多纤环网（MFR）的优化设计问题,整数线性规划公式所采用的优化目标是最小结点端口数目,以此为优化目标可以保证所设计的多纤环网具有最大的经济性,利用所提出的整数线性规划公式,定量分析了在不同通信模式（单Hub和双Hub),及路由方案（波长通道和虚波长通道）的情况下,单向和双向波长路由多纤环网的网络性能差异,所获得的结论有助于多纤环网结构的优化设计。     

光网络选路和波长分配研究

文章在叙述了光网络中选路和波长分配（RWA）要解决的基本问题后,对有关方面的近年研究作了综述,主要包括：虚拓扑重构、业务量疏导的RWA、多播RWA、抗毁网络的RWA。     

材料特性对球壳颗粒LSPR特性影响

本文基于偶极近似理论,利用计算机模拟仿真了在准静态条件下的金属纳米球壳结构的局域表面等离激元强度最强时满足的条件,分析了增益介质的介电函数实部和虚部值与共振波长间的关系.     

近零折射率区超导/介质双层结构的Goos-H?nchen位移

含超导材料的分层纳米结构在诸多领域中有着重要应用。在近零折射率区,理论研究了由超导材料和电介质材料构成的双层结构的Goos-H?nchen(GH)位移。研究表明,超导材料和电介质材料的相对位置对GH位移有很大影响。当入射光掠入射时,GH位移随着入射角的增大而急剧增大。当S波入射时,GH位移随入射角变化的规律较为简单;当P波入射时,GH位移和阈值波长有关。阈值波长定义为超导材料折射率的实部和虚部均为零时的波长,以阈值波长作为分界波长时,GH位移表现出不同的变化规律。研究结果可为基于超导材料的新型光子学器件研究开发提供参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-