我国海洋渔业管理中投入控制的灰色关联评价

用灰色关联分析方法对我国海洋渔业管理中投入控制制度进行了评价.结果表明,在分析的主要四个因素中,机动渔船总动力和机动渔船总吨位这两个因素对海洋捕捞产量的影响较大,关系密切,以下依次为捕捞专业劳动力和海洋捕捞机动渔船数.据此,提出我国海洋渔业管理要适当改变或增加相关因素的投入控制的建议.     

福建近海渔业资源生产量和最大可持续开发量

根据2000～2001年福建近海渔业资源的现场调查和检测结果,并结合福建近海多年海洋科学调查研究所获得的初级生产力资料,应用生态系统营养动力学模型估算渔业资源(包括鱼类、甲壳类和头足类)生产量和最大可持续开发量.研究结果表明:营养动态模型和Cushing模型估算福建近海渔业资源生产量分别为267.91×104和294.58×104 t,平均为281.25×104 t.Cadima模式估算的最大可持续开发量为164.46×104 t,而1994年以来福建近海实际年渔获量在179.81×104～239.39×104 t,已连续10年超过了渔业资源的最大可持续开发量;投入的捕捞力量也已连续10年超过剩余产量模式估箅的最大可持续捕捞力量,呈现渔获量和捕捞力量"双超"的局面.     

广东省海洋捕捞业可持续发展研究

近年来广东省"三渔"问题越来越严重。根据2008年和2011年对广东省海洋捕捞渔民调查结果分析来看,广东省海洋捕捞业受制于捕捞技术滞后、捕捞强度过大、捕捞成本提高、基础设施落后、产业化水平低、从业人员文化程度低、现代金融业欠发达等因素。应通过金融贷款、财政补贴等方式支持渔民购买大船,改进渔港等基础设施,提高渔业产业化水平,发展休闲渔业等措施,保证广东省海洋捕捞业的可持续发展。     

对浙江海洋捕捞业发展的探讨

浙江是我国海洋捕捞业最发达的省份之一，回顾近五十年的发展历程，大致可分为四个阶段，海洋捕捞的产量经历了两次大幅度的提高，但在这个过程中也曾发生过较大的波动，在分析这些情况后作者提出当前我省海洋捕捞中的问题和对策     

应用体长股分析法估算东海区日本鲭资源量

根据浙江省海洋水产研究所2004-2005年对浙江群众近海灯光围网和外海机轮围网作业生产的监测调查数据,结合渔业统计资料,用体长股分析法对东海区日本鲭的资源量进行了估算。结果表明:日本鲭的自然死亡系数M=0.295,捕捞死亡系数F=1.6;东海区日本鲭的平均资源尾数为31.73×108 ind,折合资源重量为18.27×104 t,最大持续产量(MSY)为12.27×104 t;初始(最大)资源量为70.87×108 ind,折合资源重量为40.81×104 t。     

东海区鲳鱼、小黄鱼资源量及其持续渔获量的估算

根据1996-2009年对浙江海洋捕捞作业方式的调查监测数据及生物学取样和测定数据,结合渔业统计资料,运用体长股分析法(LCA,Length based Cohort Analysis)和最大持续渔获量模型(Schaefer模型和Fox模型),分别对银鲳的资源量和小黄鱼的最大持续渔获量(MSY)进行估算.计算结果为:2005-2006东海区银鲳的平均资源量(扣除叉长130 mm以下幼鱼)为1 374.77×106尾、19.38×104 t,初始资源量(最大资源量)为2 609.20×106尾、36.79×104 t,最大持续渔获量为14.4×104t.以1996-2009年帆张网和2001-2009年双拖网的监测资料,按Schaefer模型和Fox模型分别估算的东海区小黄鱼最大持续渔获量(MSY)为12.96×104～14.08×104 t(平均13.35×104 t).     

无冰保鲜技术

渔业为我国主要产业之一,而近年来由于大幅度的狂捞烂捕和愈演愈烈的环境污染,海洋资源临近枯竭,尤其是近海资源已濒临绝境,渔场外移,船已加大马力向远洋进军,渔船航次捕捞时间的延长及国内国际性捕捞业的合作开发使延长保鲜水产品期     

美国红鱼的养殖与危害

海洋为人类提供了重要的食物资源,现在全球来自海洋的食物每年大约有8千万吨,其中80％是用捕捞的方式获得的.由于长期的过度捕捞,近海渔业资源严重衰退,导致近海捕捞生产严重萎缩.据联合国粮农组织的报告,全世界已有60％的经济鱼类呈现资源衰退或枯竭之势.而远洋捕捞劳民伤财且发展缓慢,因此人类希望从海洋“狩猎”向“畜牧”过渡,发展海洋养殖业,满足人们对海洋食物的需求.我国也不例外,从20世纪50年代开始,我国海洋养殖业历经了3次海产品养殖浪潮,分别以海带、中国对虾和海湾扇贝为代表.但是,海洋水产品的主体——鱼类——的相关养殖一直没有真正发展起来.根本原因在于海水鱼类的养殖难度大,育苗和鱼病等诸多问题阻碍了海水鱼类养殖的发展.因此学者们希望在这些技术上有所突破,由此掀起海水养殖的第四次浪潮.     

浙江海洋渔业可持续发展对策探讨

ONTHECOUNTERMEASURESFORASUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTOFMARINEFISHERYOFZHEJIANGPROVINCEZhuHang(ZhejiangProvinceFisheriesBureau,Hangzhou310007)浙江省是全国海洋渔业大省。最近五年来，全省渔业一直呈持续、快速发展的势头。具体表现在：一是水产品总产量翻了一番多。从1992年的169、75万t，增长到1997年的377．6万t，增长122．46％。其中海洋捕捞水产品产量从1992年的122．86万t，增长到1997年的293．04万t，增长138．52％，继续在全国保持领先。海水养殖水产品产量从1992年的门．34万t，增长到1997…     

基于AE的拉市海保护区NPP估算及影响因子分析

利用CASA模型,基于.Net开发环境和ArcEngine开发平台,实现拉市海自然保护区2010年植被净初级生产力估算,对估算结果作时间、空间分布规律分析以及对影响NPP的气象因子做回归分析.得到2010年拉市海保护区各植被类型的年均NPP为:林地2 540.61 gC·m-2·a-1,耕地1 198.08gC·m-2·a-1,草地1 232.77 gC·m-2·a-1,建设用地379.819 gC·m-2·a-1,园地1 521.62 gC·m-2·a-1,水域285.24 gC·m-2·a-1;全年林地NPP总量为43.131×104t,耕地4.797×104t,草地1.904×104t,建设用地0.394×104t,园地1.143×104t,水域0.542×104t;分析结果表明:NPP时间分布规律和降水、气温数据变化基本一致,空间分布上和植被类型分布一致,该年内对NPP影响最大的气象因子为降水,其次是温度,日照百分率对其影响不大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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