花生乳的稳定性

花生乳中使用混合乳化剂和稳定剂可以增加产品的稳定性,乳化剂的最佳用量为蔗糖酯００９ ％ ,单苷酯００６ ％ ,稳定剂的最佳配合比例为黄原胶００１ ％ ,明胶００５ ％ ,海藻酸钠００１ ％ 。使用这种混合乳化稳定剂可以保持花生原有风味,产品质地均匀,稳定性好,可保存一年不分层。花生适宜的烘烤条件为１２０ ℃,２０ ｍｉｎ 。花生乳在４０ Ｍ Ｐａ 压力下均质两次可以达到良好的均质效果。     

杏仁露稳定性的提高

提出了用离心沉淀率判断杏仁露稳定性的方法.研究了稳定剂、乳化剂、络合物的种类及配比等对提高杏仁露稳定性的影响。其结果表明:稳定剂以 PGA 效果最佳,CMC、海藻酸钠次之;乳化剂用蔗糖酯、单甘酯复配 HLB=10为最好;络合剂中,三聚磷钠的稳定效果比柠檬酸钠好.     

杏仁露稳定性的提高

提出了用离心沉淀率判断杏仁露稳定性的方法，研究了稳定剂、乳化剂、络合物的种类及配比等对提高杏仁露稳定性的影响。其结果表明：稳定剂以ＰＧＡ效果最佳，ＣＭＣ、海藻酸钠次之；乳化剂用蔗糖酯、单甘酯复配ＨＬＢ＝１０为最好；络合剂中，三聚磷钠的稳定效果比柠檬酸钠好。     

猕猴桃亚麻酸油纳米乳剂的制备工艺

利用自身研制的具有一定pH值的复合乳化剂,采用高速剪切乳化或纳米高压均质技术对猕猴桃亚麻酸油进行分散或均质,使猕猴桃亚麻酸形成具有纳米尺度的稳定的水包油颗粒,再运用纳米粒度及Zeta电位仪对其进行纳米粒径表征.以粒径小、稳定时间长为主要考察指标,得到制取猕猴桃亚麻酸油纳米乳剂的最佳工艺条件为乳化剂4g,猕猴桃亚麻酸油4mL,制备液体积200mL,9 000r/min剪切乳化20min或150MPa左右高压均质循环2次.研究结果表明,在最佳工艺条件下平均粒径为(60±10)nm,剪切乳化稳定时间约1.5a,高压均质稳定时间达2a以上,满足制药和保健品的需要.     

乳化燃料油的稳定性研究

针对180号燃料油乳化存在的稳定性问题进行了一系列的实验研究。考察了亲油亲水平衡值(HLB)对乳化油稳定性的影响以及非离子乳化剂对乳化油粘度的影响,以HLB值为标准兼顾乳化油粘度设计出乳化效果较好的复合乳化剂,考察了复配乳化剂、乳化工艺条件对乳化燃料油的稳定性和粘度的影响,得出最佳的乳化工艺条件为:乳化剂用量为0.5%,乳化时间为45 m in左右,乳化温度为70~80°C,搅拌速度为500~600 r/m in。实验结果表明:基于HLB值兼顾乳化油的粘度,以失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯为核心设计的复配乳化剂在最佳工艺条件下制备的乳化燃料油室温储存3个月,稳定性好且粘度满足180#燃料油的标准。     

青稞牛奶谷物饮品制作工艺参数优化的研究

青稞与牛奶搭配制作青稞牛奶饮品的研究尚未见报道.本研究以青稞和鲜牛奶为原料,通过感官评价及稳定性指标确定了青稞牛奶饮品制作工艺中青稞粉最佳粒度及添加量、乳化剂及增稠剂最佳使用量和适宜均质压力,并通过正交试验筛选了乳化剂及增稠剂的最佳复配组合.结果表明:添加2%过80目筛的青稞粉于牛乳中,再加入0.06%蔗糖脂肪酸酯、0.08%单硬脂酸甘油酯、0.07%黄原胶,经30 MPa压力均质,制备的青稞牛奶饮品的风味、口感较好,且能够确保青稞牛奶饮品的乳化体系具有良好的稳定性.     

聚甘油单硬脂酸酯乳化二甲基硅油及乳液表征

用聚甘油单硬脂酸酯复配乳化1 Pa.s的二甲基硅油,考察复配乳化剂的亲水亲油平衡值(HLB)对乳液体积平均粒径、乳液黏度、乳液离心稳定性的影响以及乳液的耐高温稳定性。结果表明:复配乳化剂HLB值对乳液体积平均粒径、黏度、离心稳定性的影响显著,选择高聚合度的亲水型乳化剂和高聚合度的亲油型乳化剂进行复配乳化,有利于形成稳定的硅油乳液。最佳乳化条件为乳化剂(二聚甘油单硬酯和八聚甘油单硬脂酸酯,HLB=10.5)、硅油和水的质量比为7∶23∶70。在最佳乳化条件下制得的乳液体积平均粒径为8.06μm,黏度为387 mPa.s,固相质量分数差为2.91%。乳液高温稳定性良好,在110℃保持5 h,乳液体积平均粒径增大至11.63μm,固相质量分数差增大至6.12%。     

乳酸菌海藻奶生产稳定性的研究

本文在酸乳饮料生产工艺基础上对海藻乳酸菌奶的稳定性进行了研究，发现利用不同稳定剂组合对饮料稳定性具正协同效应，并确定其最佳配比为黄原胶与ＰＧＡ（４：１），确定最佳生产工艺条件为：均质压力１８．０ＭＰａ、Ｔ４０～５０℃；杀菌条件为７５℃２０′；使产品能较长期保存稳定。     

纤维素醚稳定的聚丙烯酸酯乳液结构与性能

以羟乙基纤维素为主要稳定剂制备了聚丙烯酸酯乳液,通过TEM观察乳液乳胶粒的形态,并采用红外光谱分析接枝共聚物的结构,探讨了乳液的电解质稳定性、机械稳定性、冻融稳定性和稀释稳定性以及乳胶膜的吸水和力学性能,并与采用低相对分子质量乳化剂制备的聚丙烯酸酯乳液的相应性能进行了比较．结果表明：以羟乙基纤维素为主要稳定剂制备的聚丙烯酸酯乳液具有空间稳定结构,其电解质稳定性大大优于采用低相对分子质量乳化剂制备的聚丙烯酸酯乳液,乳胶膜的拉伸强度和伸长率也分别由14．6MPa和462．3％提高到17．1MPa和524．6％．     

复合菜汁奶的研制

以复合菜汁(番茄汁、胡萝卜汁、芹菜汁)、全脂奶粉、白砂糖为主要原料,配以复合稳定剂,通过正交试验确定复合菜汁奶的最佳配方及其生产工艺.奶汁75%(11%的奶粉)、复合菜汁25%、白砂糖7%、复合稳定剂0.1%,经胶体磨研磨,过滤,30 MPa高压均质,90~95℃杀菌,可制成一种风味柔和、营养丰富、气味芳香的复合菜汁奶.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has