极性半导体异质界面上二维激子的极化子效应

计及电子－声子耦合计算了局域在极性－极性半导体异质结上的激子的结合能，得到了两支界面光学声子模对结合能的贡献．结果表明：对于重空穴激子结合能，界面声子起着重要作用，且两支界面声子模的贡献是可比拟的．对于ＧａＡｓ／ＡｌｘＧａ１－ｘＡｓ体系，讨论了构成异质结的混晶组份对结合能的影响．     

薄膜厚度对三元混晶四层系统的表面和界面声子极化激元的影响

运用改进的无规元素等位移模型和玻恩-黄近似,结合电磁场的麦克斯韦方程和边界条件,研究了薄膜厚度对真空/极性二元晶体薄膜/极性三元混晶薄膜/半无限大极性二元半导体衬底构成的四层异质结系统的表面和界面声子极化激元的影响,以GaAs/Al0.4Ga0.6As四层异质结系统为例,获得了表面和界面声子极化激元模的频率随薄膜厚度的变化关系.结果表明:三元混晶四层异质结系统中存在七支表面和界面声子极化激元模,且当薄膜厚度发生变化时,只对位于其表面或界面处的极化激元模有影响,对其余的极化激元模几乎没有任何影响.     

电场对极性半导体表面（或界面）极化子行为的影响

采用电子动量和坐标的线性组合算符方法对电场中的极性半导体表面（或界面）极化子行为进行了研究。当电场较弱时（１０４Ｖ／ｍ以下），表面（或界面）极化子的基态能量和有效质量随电场增加而线性地减小，但其影响甚小，在中等强度的电场下（１０４～１０５Ｖ／ｍ），电子－声子间的耦合逐渐减弱，电子－电场相互作用逐渐增强，体现在表面（或界面）极化子的基态能量和有效质量更加明显地减小。当电场高于某一极限电场时，电子成为准自由电子。     

极性晶体中极化子的性质

本文研究极性晶体中极化子的性质，采用微扰法导出了极性晶体中极化子的基态能量和有效质量。在计及电子在反冲效应中发射和吸收不同波矢的声子之间的相互作用时，讨论对极化子性质的影响，结果表明．反冲效应中不同波矢的声子之间的相互作用对极化子自陷能的影响随耦合常数的增加而增大。     

Shallow Impurity States in Ternary Mixed Crystals

利用微扰－变分法研究了极性三元混晶中束缚在浅库仑杂质中心的极化子．采用改进的无序元胞独立位移模型和有效声子模近似，计及电子和两支光学声子的相互作用，导出了极化子基态能量和束缚能量随组分变化的解析解，分析了声子屏蔽、质量重整化和自陷效应．对若干三元混晶的数值计算结果表明：声子屏蔽效应占主要作用；电子声子的相互作用减小了束缚极化子的束缚能．发现声子对束缚能的贡献随组分的变化是非单调的．讨论了有效声子模方法的有效性和适用范围     

极性半导体窄量子阱中的激子结合能

计及电子－声子相互作用计算了极性－极性半导体量子阱中激子的结合能．考虑空穴带质量的各向异性,利用变分法计算了在量子阱中与电子和空穴相耦合的两支体纵光学声子模和四支界面光学声子模对激子结合能的贡献．给出并讨论了一些系统的数值结果．结果表明体声子和界面声子对激子的结合能起着重要的作用,结合能的声子效应对电子和空穴的质量比是敏感的．讨论了计算的适用范围     

Zn1-xCdxSe/ZnSe异质结中的束缚极化子

对半导体单异质结系统，引入三角势近似异质结势，考虑电子、杂质与声子的相互作用，利用改进的LLP变分法讨论在界面附近束缚于正施主杂质的极化子基态能量，对Zn1-xCdSe/ZnSe系统的杂质态结合能进行了数值计算，给出了结合能、声子贡献随杂质位置、电子面密度和组分的变化关系，结果表明，杂质－声子相互作用显著且声子对结合能的作用为负。     

三元混晶三层系统的表面和界面声子极化激元

运用改进的无规元素等位移模型和玻恩-黄近似,结合电磁场的麦克斯韦方程和边界条件,研究了真空/极性三元混晶薄膜/极性二元半导体衬底三层系统的表面和界面声子极化激元,以AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs和ZnxCd1-xSe/ZnSe为例,获得了表面和界面声子极化激元模的色散关系以及表面和界面模的频率随混晶组分和薄膜厚度的变化关系.结果表明:与二元晶体三层系统以及三元混晶单层薄膜不同,在三元混晶三层异质结系统中存在五支表面和界面声子极化激元模,这五支表面和界面模的频率曲线位于二元晶体和三元混晶的体声子极化激元的禁带区间内,且其能量随混晶组分和薄膜厚度呈非线性变化,三元混晶的"单模"和"双模"性也在色散曲线中体现了出来.     

Zn1-xCdxSe/ZnSe异质结中的界面极化子

采用准二维模型计及Ｚｎ１－ｘＣｄｘＳｅ／ＺｎＳｅ半导体异质结界面附近的能带弯曲效应,讨论了异质结界面极化子的基态能量,能效质量随电子面密度以及Ｃｄ组份的变化关系。     

极性晶体中的慢速运动极化子

本文计及电子发射和吸收多个虚声子对极化子的影响，用改进了的线性组合算符法讨论了极性晶体中的慢速运动极化子的性质，给出了极化子基态能量，有效质量和围绕电子的平均虚声子数的解析式，在极限情形下，得到了中间耦合理论和强耦合理论的结果，在普适耦合情形，给出了数值计算结果，在电子－声子耦合常数α≥7．2时，得到了较强耦合理论更为合理的基态能量上限，以及围绕电子的平均虚声子数和极化子的有效质量。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.