Sodium-dependent uptake of inorganic phosphate by the intracellular malaria parasite

As the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, grows within its host erythrocyte it induces an increase in the permeability of the erythrocyte membrane to a range of low-molecular-mass solutes, including Na+ and K+ (ref. 1). This results in a progressive increase in the concentration of Na+ in the erythrocyte cytosol. The parasite cytosol has a relatively low Na+ concentration and there is therefore a large inward Na+ gradient across the parasite plasma membrane. Here we show that the parasite exploits the Na+ electrochemical gradient to energize the uptake of inorganic phosphate (P(i)), an essential nutrient. P(i) was taken up into the intracellular parasite by a Na+-dependent transporter, with a stoichiometry of 2Na+:1P(i) and with an apparent preference for the monovalent over the divalent form of P(i). A P(i) transporter (PfPiT) belonging to the PiT family was cloned from the parasite and localized to the parasite surface. Expression of PfPiT in Xenopus oocytes resulted in Na+-dependent P(i) uptake with characteristics similar to those observed for P(i) uptake in the parasite. This study provides new insight into the significance of the malaria-parasite-induced alteration of the ionic composition of its host cell.     

Fabrication of LaAlO3 film by sol-gel process with corresponding inorganic

Well-cubic perovskite lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO(3)) film on (110) silicon substrate was fabricated by sol-gel method with corresponding inorganic salts. Lanthanum acetate and aluminum acetate glacial acetic acid solutions were prepared via ligand exchange starting from lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate and aluminum nitrate hexahydrate after being refluxed. (CH(3)CO)(2)O removed nitrates and the crystallized H(2)O completely, acetylacetone (AcAc) was partially bidentated with metallic ion of the metallic acetates and formed La(OAc)(3-x)(AcAc)(x), which were hydrolyzed into La(AcAc)(3-x)(OH)(x) by adding 10 ml 0.4% methyl cellulose (MCL) solution. The La(AcAc)(3-x)(OH)(x), polymerizing and combining with MCL, formed the LaAlO(3) sol precursor with heteropolymeric structure and formed film easily. The epitaxial LaAlO(3) film on Si(110) substrate was crystallized after being annealed in thermal annealing furnace for 650-750 degrees C/30 min. The mor-phologies and microstructures were characterized. The refractive index of the LAO film was 1.942 to 2.007; the dielectric constant and the dissipation factors were estimated to be 23-26 and 2.1x10(-4) - 2.4x10(-4) respectively.     

使用多样性增量预测磷酸化位点

磷酸化是蛋白质最重要的翻译后修饰之一.应用基于多样性增量的二次判别分析 (Increment of Diversity with Quadratic Discriminant analysis,IDQD)方法对CK2,PKA和PKC三种类型磷酸化位点进行预测,k-fold交叉检验的正确率分别为86%,90%和85%,独立测试集检验的正确率分别为86%,88%和84%.所得结果高于包括支持向量机在内的现有预测方法.     

半干法制备高结合磷淀粉磷酸酯的研究

以木薯淀粉为原材料、三聚磷酸钠为酯化剂、尿素为催化剂，半干法制备了高结合磷淀粉磷酸酯。探讨了反应温度、反应时间、尿素用量、pH值和磷酸盐用量对结合磷含量和反应效率的影响，确定了最佳的反应条件，当淀粉用量为100g(绝干)，蒸馏水用量为100mL时，反应温度150℃，反应时间1h，尿素用量2g，pH5．0，三聚磷酸钠用量5g，产品的结合磷含量1．19％，反应效率55．32％。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备HEC/SiO2杂化材料的工艺研究

以羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶技术合成了HEC/SiO2有机-无机杂化材料.通过探讨水硅比、HEC含量、溶剂量、干燥控制化学添加剂用量、温度等工艺因素对凝胶化过程,特别是材料干燥体积收缩的影响,得出在本实验条件下合成HEC/SiO2有机-无机杂化材料的优化工艺条件.利用红外吸收光谱、紫外-可见光透射光谱以及扫描电子显微镜等测试手段对合成的HEC/SiO2有机-无机杂化材料进行表征.结果表明,HEC作为有机分散相已经均匀地分散到SiO2基相中,制备的HEC/SiO2有机-无机杂化材料透明,无分相,并可能形成了新的化学键.     

Phosphorylation of isocitrate dehydrogenase as a demonstration of enhanced sensitivity in covalent regulation

The sensitivity to regulation of proteins undergoing covalent modification can be greatly increased when the substrates saturate the converter enzymes. This phenomenon, termed zero-order ultrasensitivity, has been found to occur in the reversible phosphorylation of isocitrate dehydrogenase. The possibility that this enhanced sensitivity is a common feature of covalent regulatory systems is discussed.     

多步沉淀法制备纳米无机复合抗菌粉体

目的研究一种以银、钛和锡为组分的新型纳米无机复合抗菌粉体的制备工艺。方法采用多步沉淀法,并通过单因素实验和正交实验确定最优工艺条件。结果最终产品的基本化学组成式为Ag0.03Sn0.16Ti0.35P0.11O0.34;产率达95.5%;粉体平均粒径50 nm;无外加光照、粉体浓度80mg/L时,30 min内其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌的抗菌率均达100%;粉体颜色浅,耐候性好。结论该方法制备的粉体具有较强的广谱抗菌效果,解决了银系抗菌剂易变色、对真菌作用效果不佳及钛系抗菌剂必须有光照才能起作用等问题。     

轨道车辆切削式吸能过程仿真

利用金属切削过程吸收能量的原理, 在金属切削研究和轨道车辆吸能研究的交叉领域内,提出一种利用切屑生成过程进行吸能并用于轨道车辆被动安全的新型切削式吸能装置.根据非线性动态模拟理论,利用显式有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对该切削式吸能装置的吸能过程进行三维仿真,得到该装置在撞击过程中能量吸收和切削力的时程曲线.研究结果表明:与现有吸能装置相比,切削式吸能装置可以在更短的时间内吸收撞击能量,而且吸能能力更强;切削式吸能装置具有更强的降低撞击力峰值的能力,而且撞击力到达第1个峰值的时间也有所延迟.     

一种适合于过程控制对象建模的现代数据处理方法

对过程控制对象数学模型的建立，本文提出了一种可进行计算机编程的现代数据处理方法．该方法简便，程序编制简单，计算结果的精度高于常规方法。     

无机纳米载体在靶向药物输送中的应用研究进展

纳米材料在生物领域的渗透形成了纳米生物材料,而纳米药物载体的研究是纳米生物材料的前沿和热点之一.常见的无机纳米药物载体包括磁性纳米粒子、介孔二氧化硅、纳米碳材料、量子点等,这些无机纳米药物载体在实现靶向性给药、控释和缓释药物以及癌症靶向治疗等方面表现出良好的应用前景.而且,集成像、靶向给药和癌症治疗功能于一身的多功能纳米药物载体比常规化疗药物载体具有明显优势.文中综述了近年来上述无机纳米材料尤其是多功能无机纳米载体在靶向药物输送中的应用及其载药释药行为的研究进展.     

Air entrapment in coatings by way of a tip-streaming meniscus

Entrapment of small air bubbles is a problem for continuous liquid-film coatings processes. The coating of any surface requires that the surrounding air in contact with it be displaced by an advancing liquid interface. Studies of dynamic wetting suggest that if the interface motion is too rapid, the air is not completely removed and it becomes entrained in the coating material. This process, which can lead to undesirable flaws in the form of bubbles, blemishes or voids, limits the speed at which the substrate can be moved in the production of uniform precision coatings. However, the entrapment process is not understood in detail. Here we report an experimental investigation of air entrapment in high-speed coating operations. Tip streaming--a phenomenon well known in emulsification technology, involving the ejection of a fine filament from the cusped interface between two immiscible fluids--is shown to be the precursor of air entrainment. We demonstrate that tip-streaming air filaments emanating from the contact zone of a dynamic liquid interface give rise to minute (approximately 10 microm) bubbles.     

A microRNA polycistron as a potential human oncogene

To date, more than 200 microRNAs have been described in humans; however, the precise functions of these regulatory, non-coding RNAs remains largely obscure. One cluster of microRNAs, the mir-17-92 polycistron, is located in a region of DNA that is amplified in human B-cell lymphomas. Here we compared B-cell lymphoma samples and cell lines to normal tissues, and found that the levels of the primary or mature microRNAs derived from the mir-17-92 locus are often substantially increased in these cancers. Enforced expression of the mir-17-92 cluster acted with c-myc expression to accelerate tumour development in a mouse B-cell lymphoma model. Tumours derived from haematopoietic stem cells expressing a subset of the mir-17-92 cluster and c-myc could be distinguished by an absence of apoptosis that was otherwise prevalent in c-myc-induced lymphomas. Together, these studies indicate that non-coding RNAs, specifically microRNAs, can modulate tumour formation, and implicate the mir-17-92 cluster as a potential human oncogene.     

以盐酸为氯源不采用四氯化碳溶剂制备氯化橡胶

文中介绍了一种制备氯化橡胶的半水相新方法,其过程为先将固体天然橡胶溶解于四氯乙烯溶剂中,然后加入20%的盐酸和引发剂ABIN,边搅拌边滴加双氧水。利用盐酸与双氧水反应生成的氯气与橡胶反应生成氯化橡胶,产品为白色固体,根据反应条件的不同氯质量分数在10%～50%之间。该方法可以利用废盐酸为氯源,溶剂水循环利用,是一种清洁的氯化橡胶生产方法。     

盐酸法制备磷酸一铵和磷酸二铵

用盐酸浸取含15.84% P2O5的浏阳贫磷矿制取粗磷酸,以三聚氰胺为磷酸沉淀剂从中分离磷酸,研究单因素实验条件下反应温度、搅拌时间、反应物摩尔比以及三聚氰胺加料方式对磷酸沉淀率的影响,并考察沉淀物中夹带的盐分氯化钙的洗涤情况.研究结果表明:在25～30 ℃、三聚氰胺与磷酸摩尔比为2-1、三聚氰胺分成两份进行两步沉淀、各搅拌60 min为三聚氰胺沉淀磷酸的最佳条件,在此条件下磷酸沉淀率大于99%;在磷酸三聚氰胺沉淀中夹带的氯化钙在固液质量比1-5、温度40 ℃和搅拌60 min下用水反复洗涤3次后可被完全去除;再将净化后的磷酸三聚氰胺与氨水反应,制得了符合GB 10205-2001标准的磷酸一铵和磷酸二铵产品.该工艺路线可行,反应条件温和,中间媒质三聚氰胺可循环使用,以氯化钙副产品替代了磷石膏的产出,减缓了硫资源的消耗,避免了硫酸根对三聚氰胺沉淀的影响,适合于贫磷矿资源的开发.