含对称穿透分层损伤复合材料层合板准三维分析

采用以准三维模型为基础的非线性有限元,研究了具有对称穿透分层损伤的复合材料层合板在均匀面内压缩载荷作用下的后屈曲变形,并结合虚裂纹闭合技术（ＶＣＣＴ）,计算了分层前缘的层间能量释放率各型分量。数值分析表明,含对称中心分层损伤斜交铺层复合材料的层合板在压缩载荷作用下,其分层扩展能量释放率与分层子板压缩方向上的刚度有关。     

复合材料层合板的损伤分析

本文提出一种各向异性损伤模型.这个模型包含一条初始穿透裂纹以及受载后发生的材料损伤.通过理论分析,给出了裂纹尺寸与损伤量的等价关系以及裂纹能量率与损伤能量率的等价关系.文中给出的复合材料层合板裂纹能量释放率的计算表达式,为在复合材料层合板中运用断裂力学判据提供了条件.     

钢筋混凝土纤维强化塑料复合梁的弯曲失效线弹性断裂力学模型

钢筋混凝土梁的受拉部位粘贴纤维强化塑料(FRP，fiber reinforced plastic)板，可以提高整个结构的承载能力．随着载荷加大，在弯矩比较大的弯曲段经常出现钢筋层与FRP板之间的层间开裂和失效．建立了多层复合梁的层间裂纹分析模型，并对其失效行为进行分析．在线弹性断裂力学(LEFM，linearelastic fracture mechanics)范畴内，应力强度因子和能量释放率(或裂纹扩展力)是两个重要参量．提出了拉伸弯曲组合梁的能量释放率的计算方法，通过弯曲平面假设研究了复合梁的变形与受力特点，计算和讨论了裂纹在不同位置时的能量释放率。     

损伤对层合复合材料分层的影响

基于损伤内变量理论,用准三维有限单元法,分析了分层尖端区存在损伤时,Ｊ积分、能量释放率Ｇ以及裂尖附近应力场的变化规律·结果表明,裂尖损伤区的存在对Ⅰ型分层扩展起到屏蔽作用,其屏蔽机理是:损伤的存在消除了裂尖附近应力的奇异性,并在裂尖周围形成一个低层间应力区;损伤导致裂尖附近Ｊ积分不再守恒,但能量释放率降低·     

冲击载荷作用下层间短纤维增韧研究

采用基于全量Lagrangian理论的非线性有限元方法研究了冲击载荷作用下含层间短纤维的复合材料层板的分层扩展问题.通过Newmark方法求解动力学方程,以能量释放率作为裂纹扩展准则.用节点双编号和节点分离技术模拟裂纹扩展,用双向弹簧单元模拟层间短纤维作用.通过改变弹簧刚度修正短纤维桥联力,在裂纹表面和冲击接触区设置接触单元,并以罚函数法计算接触力,分析了层间短纤维的桥联作用对裂尖应力场和能量释放率的影响.结果表明:层间短纤维的桥联作用有效地降低了层间应力集中程度和裂尖能量释放率,增韧效果明显.     

金属薄膜──陶瓷基组件热载屈曲失效

以康铜、镍不同厚度的薄膜，陶瓷Ａｌ２Ｏ３基组成微电子组件模型，在热载作用下，通过试验观察到薄膜在界面处的分层和屈曲失效。测量了分层和屈曲高度随载荷变化规律、过屈曲初始裂纹扩展。用屈曲理论和分界面能量释放率等理论进行了分析。     

非线性复合材料层板分层屈曲及后屈曲分析

基于修正的HahnTsai非线性本构关系,用准三维有限单元法分析了材料非线性对对称角铺设复合材料层板分层屈曲、后屈曲以及能量释放率的影响,提出一种修正的反幂法计算材料非线性层板的临界载荷·与不考虑材料非线性结果比较表明:材料非线性使复合材料层板的屈曲载荷降低,降低幅度与分层长度和纤维铺设方向有关;能量释放率及其组分均有不同程度增加;后屈曲变形加快,裂尖层间应力奇异程度下降·     

线弹簧模型柔度与裂纹开裂角之间的关系

利用Ｒｉｃｅ和Ｌｅｖｙ提出的决定裂纹开裂角的线弹簧模型，根据最大能量释放率理论，建立断裂力学中线弹簧模型柔度与复合型裂纹开裂角之间的关系，分析讨论了开裂角对柔度变化的影响。通过柔度变化，可确定含有裂纹的构件在复杂荷载作用下的裂纹起裂方向。     

复合材料层合板在低速冲击作用下的损伤分析

进行了复合材料层合板在低速冲击载荷作用下的损伤模拟数值分析。建立了实体单元与cohesive界面单元相结合的有限元分析模型。建立了面内和层间损伤逐渐累积的损伤模型,采用强度准则和适当的刚度退化方案表征基体与纤维的各种面内损伤形式。根据基于应变的失效准则和能量释放率准则来判断分层损伤的起始和扩展,以界面单元的失效表征分层扩展。实例计算结果和实验结果对比分析表明,本文所采用的模型、算法与损伤处理方法是合理的。     

分层损伤复合材料加筋层合板屈曲和后屈曲性态研究

基于板的一阶剪切理论和Von—Karman大挠度理论，提出了合嵌入分层的复合材料加筋层合板在受压缩荷载作用下的前、后屈曲分析的有限元方法，并推导了相应的有限元列式，分析中还考虑了分层前缘的闭合接触效应．通过典型算例，研究了复合材料加筋层合板的屈曲和后屈曲性态与加强筋的分布、分层形状、分层位置及分层大小等因素的关系．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.