徐州市水文站网优化调整浅议

水文站网优化是现代水文站动态管理的基本需求。本文基于徐州水文站网的现状和多年水文资料的分析．探讨了徐州水文站网优化调整的思路，提出了徐州水文站优化调整的建议，以期促进徐州水文事业的发展，提高徐州水文站网服务功能。     

考虑需求侧管理的微网经济优化运行探索

建立考虑需求侧管理的微网经济优化模型。微网的电力负荷由三个部分组成：固定负荷、随机负荷、可转移负荷。而需求侧管理的主要内容和重要目标都是可转移负荷管理。微网中需求侧负荷的优化管理和分布式电源的协调运作模式都是在分时电价的情况下建立的。根据函数线性化把其优化问题转变为一个混合整数规划问题，运用专业混合整数规划软件得出结论。得出结果证明，在考虑侧管理的微网经济运作比在没有考虑的情况下总费用降低了3.83%，得到了很好的经济效益。     

考虑需求侧管理的微网经济优化运行

建立了考虑需求侧管理的微网经济优化模型。将微网的电力负荷分为3个部分:固定负荷、可转移负荷、随机负荷,其中可转移负荷的管理是需求侧管理的主要内容,也是微网经济优化运行的重要目标。在分时电价的环境下,建立了微网中分布式电源与需求侧负荷优化管理的协调运行模型。通过函数线性化将该优化问题转化为一个混合整数规划问题,采用专业混合整数规划软件求解。仿真结果表明,考虑需求侧管理的微网经济运行相比不考虑时的总费用减少了3.83%,具有较好的经济效益。     

浅析MIS在高校管理中的应用

本文介绍MIS在高校管理中的应用范围，基于高校的校内网阐述了一种MIS构建方法，为高校管理中科研开发、后勤管理和学生管理等主要部分提供了统一管理平台，高校根据自身实际情况，不断优化自身资源配置，不断提升自身综合实力和提高自身竞争力。     

动态规划原理在高速公路网级养护决策中的应用

针对高速公路养护管理特点，利用动态规划原理和路况状态转移概率计算模型，建立了高速公路网级决策动态优化模型，成为高速公路管理系统的核心。并对用于网级决策模型的动态规划方法在理论上作了较为详细的研究，细化了决策优化步骤。     

配网自动化系统运行技术优化探讨

配网自动化有4个主功能:电网运行、运行计划及优化、维修管理和用户接口管理及远程控制。本文着重针对配网自动化系统运行技术优化进行探讨。     

GPS网的优化设计与粗差剔除

GPS控制网无论是在布网方案，还是在平差模型方面，都与经典网有许多不同之处。因此，经典网的优化设计不再完全适用于GPS网的优化设计。本文在简单总结了GPS网特点的基础上，提出了GPS网优化设计的分类与优化目标。同时，在总结GPS网数据粗差剔除数学模型的基础上，用数据探测法的思想编程实现了粗差自动检测功能，并给出了实例。最后，得出了有益的结论。     

含光热电站的热电联供型微网储热容量双层优化配置

含可再生能源的微网已成为能源领域重要的发展趋势，在此背景下，针对热电联产微网中储能优化配置的不足，构建了含有光热电站的热电联供型微网储热容量双层优化配置模型。上层模型以极小化光热电站日投资成本和热电联产微网日运行成本为优化目标，下层以极小化热电联产微网日运行成本为优化目标。利用Karush-Kuhn-Tucker最优性条件将双层模型转化为单层模型。算例证明了基于光热电站的储热系统提升了微网的经济性以及微网消纳可再生能源的能力，并分析了光热电站的储热容量和储热成本对热电联产微网投资成本和运行成本的影响，同时验证了所提双层规划模型的有效性。     

浅谈公路工程的全生命周期造价管理

2005年，交通部正式颁布《国家高速公路网规划》，《规划》提出了“7918网”，我国公路建设规模巨大。随着我国公路交通事业持续快速的发展，对优化公路建设造价管理提出了更加迫切的要求，传统的工程造价管理方法已跟不上时代的步伐。本文介绍了全生命周期造价管理新方法在公路工程建设项目中的理论及应用。     

基于配置约束的网上购物系统优化分析

业务流程优化是业务流程管理的核心内容之一,对带约束的业务流程模型进行优化分析变得更加困难。提出了基于Petri网配置的带约束的业务流程优化分析方法。给出业务流程Petri网源模型,在行为约束条件下,对源模型添加有关配置信息进行配置优化分析,通过网上购物系统实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

Discription of a New Species of Pseudocrangonyx from AnHui Lava Tubes, China (Amphipoda: Gammaridae )

本文记述了采自安徽含山熔洞的伪克钩虾属一新种,含山伪克钩虾Pseudocrangonyx hanshansis sp, nov.,新种与近缘种亚洲伪克钩虾p, asiaticu。之不同在于。第一尾足内肢短于柄部,内缘具2枚长粗利,第三尾足外肢第1节较柄部长3倍,端节很小,约为第1节的1/6;尾节板左右两叶,每叶具2枚端刺,外侧稍长;第二触角柄部之末节长于次末节,约与鞭节等长,腹部侧板2之下缘具1利,偶2利,侧板3之下缘具2利。     

New anomalocardid frontal appendages from the Guanshan biota, eastern Yunnan

Anomalocaridids were large predators of the Cambrian seas at the top of the trophic pyramid. Complete anomalocaridid specimens have been rarely discovered and the rigid isolated frontal appendages and mouthparts are more commonly preserved. Here we study new material of the frontal appendages from the Wulongqing Formation, Cambrian Stage 4, Series 2 near Kunming, eastern Yunnan. Two new forms of anomalocaridid frontal appendages are described, namely Anomalocaris kunmingensis sp. nov. and Paranomalocaris multisegmentalis gen. nov., sp. nov. The frontal appendage of A. kunmingensis sp. nov. probably comprises 15 podomeres of which the first one has a weakened skeletoned, the second one is armed with small spines, and the third one is armed with remarkably robust proximal ventral spines with 6 anisomerous auxiliary spines; paired auxiliary spines are associated with podomeres 4–14; podomeres 12–14 are armed with paired dorsal spines, and the last podomere bears 2 distal spines, one spine distinctly larger than the other. The frontal appendage of P. multisegmentalis tapered backwards, consisting of 22 visible podomeres; the most ventral spine is armed with 5 pairs of auxiliary spines, and podomeres 12–21 bear dorsal spines, the last podomere with 2 small distal spines. The new material provides additional evidence for our understanding of the diversity of anomalocaridids in the Cambrian. The morphology of these new finds may indicate the importance of different feeding strategies of anomalocaridids in the Cambrian ecosystem.     

龙江血居吸虫尾蚴及成虫的扫描电镜观察

用扫描电镜观察了龙江血居吸虫尾蚴及成虫体表的超微结构。龙江血居吸虫尾蚴具有特化的头器,在头器顶端有3种类型可能为感觉器的结构;顶端外缘规则排列有一圈共8个圆形的乳突状结构;在乳突状结构的下方有数个可能为感觉小窝的小凹陷结构;在头器的顶端外侧,乳突的内缘,至少有4根纤毛状结构,尾蚴身体各部均具有棘,体部的棘常形成棘环,龙江血居吸虫成虫体侧具有粗大的棘,体侧边缘有隆起结构,虫体体表具有大量微毛及丰富的单纤毛感觉器。     

信息技术在武警部队车辆管理中的应用

武警部队车辆管理工作一直是部队日常管理的重点和难点.目前,部队车辆管理中还存在着用管脱钩、派车程序繁琐以及对车辆的维护保养制度落实不严等方面的问题.利用卫星定位以及部队三级网络可以实现车辆管理的实时化和遥控化,建立车辆性能数据库可以实现车辆管理的智能化.     

Analysis of calcium channels in single spines using optical fluctuation analysis

Most synapses form on small, specialized postsynaptic structures known as dendritic spines. The influx of Ca2+ ions into such spines--through synaptic receptors and voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels (VSCCs)--triggers diverse processes that underlie synaptic plasticity. Using two-photon laser scanning microscopy, we imaged action-potential-induced transient changes in Ca2+ concentration in spines and dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices. Through analysis of the large trial-to-trial fluctuations in these transients, we have determined the number and properties of VSCCs in single spines. Here we report that each spine contains 1-20 VSCCs, and that this number increases with spine volume. We are able to detect the opening of a single VSCC on a spine. In spines located on the proximal dendritic tree, VSCCs normally open with high probability (approximately 0.5) following dendritic action potentials. Activation of GABA(B) receptors reduced this probability in apical spines to approximately 0.3 but had no effect on VSCCs in dendrites or basal spines. Our studies show that the spatial distribution of VSCC subtypes and their modulatory potential is regulated with submicrometre precision.     

Repetitive motor learning induces coordinated formation of clustered dendritic spines in vivo

Many lines of evidence suggest that memory in the mammalian brain is stored with distinct spatiotemporal patterns. Despite recent progresses in identifying neuronal populations involved in memory coding, the synapse-level mechanism is still poorly understood. Computational models and electrophysiological data have shown that functional clustering of synapses along dendritic branches leads to nonlinear summation of synaptic inputs and greatly expands the computing power of a neural network. However, whether neighbouring synapses are involved in encoding similar memory and how task-specific cortical networks develop during learning remain elusive. Using transcranial two-photon microscopy, we followed apical dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the motor cortex while mice practised novel forelimb skills. Here we show that a third of new dendritic spines (postsynaptic structures of most excitatory synapses) formed during the acquisition phase of learning emerge in clusters, and that most such clusters are neighbouring spine pairs. These clustered new spines are more likely to persist throughout prolonged learning sessions, and even long after training stops, than non-clustered counterparts. Moreover, formation of new spine clusters requires repetition of the same motor task, and the emergence of succedent new spine(s) accompanies the strengthening of the first new spine in the cluster. We also show that under control conditions new spines appear to avoid existing stable spines, rather than being uniformly added along dendrites. However, succedent new spines in clusters overcome such a spatial constraint and form in close vicinity to neighbouring stable spines. Our findings suggest that clustering of new synapses along dendrites is induced by repetitive activation of the cortical circuitry during learning, providing a structural basis for spatial coding of motor memory in the mammalian brain.     

四足机器人刚柔耦合仿生脊柱研究进展

 四足机器人的仿生脊柱对提高机器人非结构化环境的机动性和稳定性具有重要作用。系统分析了国内外四足机器人仿生脊柱的研究现状,将仿生脊柱分为局部柔顺脊柱和整体柔顺脊柱两类,对比分析不同四足机器人仿生脊柱的结构特点,提出未来发展趋势。四足机器人仿生脊柱从传统的整体刚性结构向刚柔耦合结构方向发展,具有类生物变刚度、可柔顺弯曲特性的新型仿生脊柱突破仿生驱动、神经元精细控制等关键技术,向高效能量转换的类生物系统方向发展。     

Opposite effects of fear conditioning and extinction on dendritic spine remodelling

It is generally believed that fear extinction is a form of new learning that inhibits rather than erases previously acquired fear memories. Although this view has gained much support from behavioural and electrophysiological studies, the hypothesis that extinction causes the partial erasure of fear memories remains viable. Using transcranial two-photon microscopy, we investigated how neural circuits are modified by fear learning and extinction by examining the formation and elimination of postsynaptic dendritic spines of layer-V pyramidal neurons in the mouse frontal association cortex. Here we show that fear conditioning by pairing an auditory cue with a footshock increases the rate of spine elimination. By contrast, fear extinction by repeated presentation of the same auditory cue without a footshock increases the rate of spine formation. The degrees of spine remodelling induced by fear conditioning and extinction strongly correlate with the expression and extinction of conditioned fear responses, respectively. Notably, spine elimination and formation induced by fear conditioning and extinction occur on the same dendritic branches in a cue- and location-specific manner: cue-specific extinction causes formation of dendritic spines within a distance of two micrometres from spines that were eliminated after fear conditioning. Furthermore, reconditioning preferentially induces elimination of dendritic spines that were formed after extinction. Thus, within vastly complex neuronal networks, fear conditioning, extinction and reconditioning lead to opposing changes at the level of individual synapses. These findings also suggest that fear memory traces are partially erased after extinction.     

一种计算机机房管理的嵌入式系统

通过分析机房管理中自动收费管理系统、软件保护措施和软件维护方法等核心问题,提出了使用的最佳方案。在保证系统可靠的条件下,构造出了一种将收费管理系统的用户登录程序嵌入网络还原卡的解决方案,较好地解决了管理中难以解决的问题,提高了机房管理的效率。     

Structural basis of long-term potentiation in single dendritic spines

Dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex undergo activity-dependent structural remodelling that has been proposed to be a cellular basis of learning and memory. How structural remodelling supports synaptic plasticity, such as long-term potentiation, and whether such plasticity is input-specific at the level of the individual spine has remained unknown. We investigated the structural basis of long-term potentiation using two-photon photolysis of caged glutamate at single spines of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Here we show that repetitive quantum-like photorelease (uncaging) of glutamate induces a rapid and selective enlargement of stimulated spines that is transient in large mushroom spines but persistent in small spines. Spine enlargement is associated with an increase in AMPA-receptor-mediated currents at the stimulated synapse and is dependent on NMDA receptors, calmodulin and actin polymerization. Long-lasting spine enlargement also requires Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Our results thus indicate that spines individually follow Hebb's postulate for learning. They further suggest that small spines are preferential sites for long-term potentiation induction, whereas large spines might represent physical traces of long-term memory.