Experimental evidence of the territorial defense,hypothesis in insular Blue Tits

Many insular vertebrates have unusually high population densities and are characterized by behavioural shifts including reduced territory size and reduced situation-specific aggressiveness. Compared to their mainland counterparts, Blue Tits on the island of Corsica exhibit many traits that fit the trends observed in crowded insular populations. We demonstrate from behavioural observations in aviaries and from hormone measurements that Corsican its are less aggressive than mainland ones. These shifts, as well as changes in reproductive patterns, support the defense hypothesis.     

A new evidence for induction of respiration deficiency in yeast by acriflavine

Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe einer Nährlösung, in der 2prozentiges Glyzerin den Zucker ersetzte, wurde ein neues und vereinfachendes Verfahren gefunden, die durch Acriflavin bedingte Induktion der Atmungsunfähigkeit von Hefe zu prüfen. Während die normalen, das heisst atmungsfähigen Zellen sich in dieser Nährlösung vermehren, tun dies die atmungsunfähigen Zellen nie. Eine bemerkenswerte Zunahme der atmungsunfähigen Zellen wurde bei normalen Hefekulturen in Glyzerin-Nährlösung nach Zusatz von verschiedenen Konzentrationen von Acriflavin trotz der nachteiligen Bedingungen beobachtet.     

The occurrence of a band of nuclei in primary neural induction in the chick embryo

Résumé L'induction primaire du système nerveux est étudiée chez l'embryon normal de poulet. Un nouveau marqueur morphologique de cette induction est découvert dans l'ectoderme. Au moment de l'induction (étape –5), und bande de noyaux apparaît dans l'ectoderme en avant du nud de Hensen. Dan une autre série d'expériences, on a implanté un greffon de nud de Hensen dans un autre embryon. Une bande de noyaux est aussi apparue dans l'ectoderme du greffon 3 h plus tard et dans l'ectoderme de l'hôte, 6 à 8 h après l'opération.     

An autoradiographic study of the uptake of3H-leucine during primary embryonic induction in vitro

Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe von radioaktiv markiertem Leucin wird gezeigt, dass das Mesoderm seine Induktionswirkung auf das Ectoderm ausübt, bevor histogenetische Differenzierung einsetzt.

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This research was supported by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission under contract with the Union Carbide Corporation.S. K. Brahma was a Damon Runyon Memorial Fund fellow.     

An hypothesis for oxidative phosphorylation

Résumé Présentation d'une hypothèse pour la phosphorylation oxidative qui comprend des substances vinyl carbonyl, suivie d'une esquisse d'un système cyclique utilisant des quinones, hydroxyquinones, hydroxy-hydroquinones et leurs dérivés phosphorilatés.

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This investigation was supported by the grant of a Special Fellowship, Division of Medical Sciences; and partially supported by grant C-2399 National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health; Department of Health Education and Welfare.

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The abbreviations used are DPN diphosphopyridine nucleotide, DPNH reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide, ATP Adenosine triphosphate, ADP Adenosine diphosphate, Pi orthophosphate, P/O ratio of atoms of phosphorous and oxygen coupled through oxidative phosphorylation, DNP 2,4-dinitrophenol, E enzyme.

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Acknowledgement: Thanks are due Dr.H. A. Lardy for his enthusiastic support, Dr.W. W. Cleland for his interest, and Mr.L. R. Gignilliat III for his counsel.     

A transmission and scanning electron microscope study of primary neural induction

Summary Normal primary neural induction has been further studied by TEM and SEM. A single mesoderm cell is usually in contact with several ectoderm cells. The mesoderm cells are also contacting other mesoderm cells. It is suggested that ectoderm cells are induced in groups and that induction is synchronized by these contacts. At the points of contact between mesoderm and ectoderm cells cytoplasmic changes are present in the induced tissue.Acknowledgments. M. A. E. would like to thank Prof.F. Beck in whose department this work was conducted. An especial acknowledgment to Mr.Jeff Smith for technical assistance.S. V. C. would like to thank Prof.R. P. Dale in whose department the SEM photographs were prepared.     

A transmission and scanning electron microsope study of primary neural induction.

Normal primary neural induction has been further studied by TEM and SEM. A single mesoderm cell is usually in contact with several ectoderm cells. The mesoderm cells are also contacting other mesoderm cells. It is suggested that ectoderm cells are induced in groups and that induction is synchronized by these contacts. At the points of contact between mesoderm and ectoderm cells cytoplasmic changes are present in the induced tissue.     

Pigeons homing: Some experiments for testing the olfactory hypothesis

Summary Homing experiments on Swiss pigeons show that the birds use olfactory cues for navigational purposes and that outward journey detours influence their initial orientation.This work was supported by the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche and by the Swiss National Foundation for Scientific Research.     

A working hypothesis for negative ion generators

Summary The effects of negative ion generators may be explained by reactions of carbonate radical anion, or alternatively, by physical factors such as the electric field of the ions generated by these apparatuses.     

Aldous Huxley and the Sheldonian hypothesis

For a period of almost twenty years Aldous Huxley made use in his novels and biographies of the theories of physique and character developed by the psychometrist William Sheldon. This is most clearly seen in the novel Time must have a stop, whose characters follow Sheldon's theories in the most intricate and precise fashion. Huxley's use of Sheldon's work in this novel will be examined, and his motives for embarking on this relatively rare use of science in literature discussed.