聚合物中光致载流子的有效途径－激子解离

基于紧束缚SSH模型,本文讨论了激子的两种光跃迁,进一步提出了聚合物分子中光致载流子的有效途径-激子解离.我们发现:激子的高能跃迁使激子直接解离为自由的荷电载流子,从而参与聚合物分子中的光电流;低能跃迁形成的激子激发态的解离是强电场相关的,只有在强场下低能跃迁使激子解离为自由的荷电载流子.     

二维双激子束缚能的研究

用简单的几何模型计算限双激子体系的束缚能，得到二维双激子与单激子的束缚能比率随σ＝ｍｅ＾＊／ｍｈ＾＊从０．３２４到０．２２８之间变化，与前人的实验和理论结果符合较好。     

变分法研究半导体量子线中激子束缚能

本文运用变分法,推到了柱形量子线中的激子束缚能随量子线半径变化关系,同时计算了量子线中激子的波函数和变分参数。推导中分别采用了无限势阱模型和有限势阱模型进行计算。     

论极性晶体中Wannier激子的稳定性

早期,人们以为束缚激子相对于离解为一个自由激子和一个中性杂质为稳定的,通常称这为Haynes规则,但是Lose■等的计算表明,只有电子空穴质量比在一定范围时束缚激子才是稳定的。对于自由激子,人们一直简单地把它比作类氢原子,因此认定它相对于离解为自由的电子和空穴是稳定的。其实不然,由于纵光学声子与电子的作用,使Wannier激子只有电子空穴比在一定范围时才是稳定的     

球形GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs量子点中激子束缚能的变分法计算

用无限深势阱和有限深势阱2种模型,计算了激子束缚能与球形量子点半径的关系.计算结果表明：对于无限深势阱模型,量子点中激子束缚能随着量子点的半径增加而减小;对于有限深势阱模型,当量子点半径较小时,束缚能随着量子点的半径增加而增加;当量子点半径增加到一定值时,它的束缚能达到最大值,继续增加量子点半径,束缚能反而减少.这些计算结果对深入理解半导体量子点中激子的物理本质具有一定学术意义.     

链间耦合对聚合物分子中激子形成的影响

从紧束缚模型出发,研究了聚合物分子中链间耦合对激子形成的影响.结果表明:光激发后耦合分子体系中形成的激子态有两种可能的分布:一种是激子在强耦合下仍主要局域在一条链中（称为链间定域激子）;另一种是激子在链间平均扩展（称为链间扩展激子）.通过计算链间耦合强度对这2种激子态的产生能和束缚能的影响,发现耦合体系中激发的电子－空穴更容易复合形成链间定域激子.另外,通过分析链间耦合强度对激子束缚能的影响,表明聚合物分子之间的耦合不利于激子形成,因此固态薄膜的光致发光效率要低于其溶液状态.     

纳米NiTiO3光声光谱研究

纳米钛酸镍粉末从可见光到近红外范围的光声光谱出现了三个强的吸收峰。４４５ｎｍ和５０５ｎｍ附近的吸收峰产生于自由激子和束缚激子的光跃迁，其变化趋势强烈地依赖于颗粒度大小，８４０ｎｍ处的吸收峰源于杂质的贡献     

氯化铯型离子晶体零色散波长的计算

本文从微观参数出发,计算了氯化铯型离子晶体的零色散波长。我们利用二能带模型,在紧束缚近似下,仅考虑最近邻导带电子和价带空穴之间的库仑相互作用,求得了计算氯化铯型离子晶体色散参数的表达式和零色散波长的计算公式。讨论了氯化铯型离子晶体束缚激子的结合能、极化波振子强度、零色散波长和微观参数之间的关系。     

GaAs光电导开关激子效应的光电导特性

从GaAs光电导开关的激子效应和光激发电荷畴理论基础出发,研究了强电场触发下GaAs光电导开关激子效应的光电导特性;光激发电荷畴与激子效应的相互作用以及激子的形成、传输及离解过程形成自由电子和空穴,为激子激发光电导提供了必要的条件。影响激子效应的光电导特性的主要因素有:激子能级的吸收,束缚激子及光激发电荷畴引起的能带重整化效应,多声子跃迁,束缚激子沿位错线发生分裂和漂移。在上述因素的相互耦合作用下,使得GaAs光电导开关激子效应的光电导呈现出一定的振荡特性。     

电场对量子阱中激子的影响

利用变分方法计算了GaAs/Al_2Ga_(1-x)As量子阱中激子的束缚能,分析了电场、势阱宽度对激子束缚能的影响。采用明显不可分离的试探波函数,并考虑了电场对势阱中载流子几率分布的影响,计算了重空穴激子和轻空穴激子吸收峰位置随电场变化,结果与实验值符合得较好。     

掺杂的有机薄膜电致发光

用DCM染料和香豆素染料掺杂,成功地实现了有机薄膜电致发光颜色的改变,得到了从蓝绿到红色的发光,同时提高了器件的发光亮度,用不同区域掺杂方法,分析讨论了电致发光的机理,探讨了激子的产生区域和复合区域。     

Towards Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons in potential traps

An exciton is an electron-hole bound pair in a semiconductor. In the low-density limit, it is a composite Bose quasi-particle, akin to the hydrogen atom. Just as in dilute atomic gases, reducing the temperature or increasing the exciton density increases the occupation numbers of the low-energy states leading to quantum degeneracy and eventually to Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). Because the exciton mass is small--even smaller than the free electron mass--exciton BEC should occur at temperatures of about 1 K, many orders of magnitude higher than for atoms. However, it is in practice difficult to reach BEC conditions, as the temperature of excitons can considerably exceed that of the semiconductor lattice. The search for exciton BEC has concentrated on long-lived excitons: the exciton lifetime against electron-hole recombination therefore should exceed the characteristic timescale for the cooling of initially hot photo-generated excitons. Until now, all experiments on atom condensation were performed on atomic gases confined in the potential traps. Inspired by these experiments, and using specially designed semiconductor nanostructures, we have collected quasi-two-dimensional excitons in an in-plane potential trap. Our photoluminescence measurements show that the quasi-two-dimensional excitons indeed condense at the bottom of the traps, giving rise to a statistically degenerate Bose gas.     

Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons in bilayer electron systems

An exciton is the particle-like entity that forms when an electron is bound to a positively charged 'hole'. An ordered electronic state in which excitons condense into a single quantum state was proposed as a theoretical possibility many years ago. We review recent studies of semiconductor bilayer systems that provide clear evidence for this phenomenon and explain why exciton condensation in the quantum Hall regime, where these experiments were performed, is as likely to occur in electron-electron bilayers as in electron-hole bilayers. In current quantum Hall excitonic condensates, disorder induces mobile vortices that flow in response to a supercurrent and limit the extremely large bilayer counterflow conductivity.     

Te掺杂ZnSe/[(CdSe)_l(ZnSe)_3]_m超晶格荧光光谱

对垒区Ｔｅ掺杂浓度不同的ＺｎＳｅ／［（ＣｄＳｅ）１（ＺｎＳｅ）３］ｍ短周期超晶格量子阱的稳态和瞬态荧光进行了实验研究，通过不同激发强度下逐级饱和过程测得ＺｎＳｅ垒区自由激子寿命为３５ｐｓ，［（ＣｄＳｅ）１（ＺｎＳｅ）３］７阱区自由激子寿命为１７７ｐｓ，束缚在不同ｎ值的Ｔｅｎ束缚激子的复合寿命为０．５～１０ｎｓ．揭示了Ｔｅ掺杂浓度对能量传递、荧光波长和荧光寿命的灵敏的影响及其规律．     

CuCl团簇组装薄膜的荧光红移现象

利用气相蒸发技术成功的制备了两个ＣｕＣｌ团簇薄膜样品．ＣｕＣｌ团簇被沉积到单晶Ｓｉ和石英衬底上,然后覆盖一层ＮａＣｌ以防氧化．通过透射电镜和选区衍射观察得知,两个样品主要由ＣｕＣｌ纳米晶和少量的Ｃｕ聚集体构成,其中ＣｕＣｌ纳米晶的直径分别约为３ｎｍ和６ｎｍ;通过室温下测得的光吸收和荧光光谱,发现ＣｕＣｌ激子吸收峰并未出现,而荧光峰向低能方向移动,这可能是激子声子强相互作用引起的结果．在７７Ｋ温度观察到由激子声子耦合而展宽的荧光峰,其峰值近似与量子限制模型的计算结果一致,同时观察到来自陷阱态的宽峰．通过比较３００Ｋ温度下激子荧光峰的展宽和红移量,发现团簇尺寸小的薄膜样品（３ｎｍ）中激子声子相互作用更强,这与理论预测定性一致     

Macroscopically ordered state in an exciton system

There is a rich variety of quantum liquids -- such as superconductors, liquid helium and atom Bose-Einstein condensates -- that exhibit macroscopic coherence in the form of ordered arrays of vortices. Experimental observation of a macroscopically ordered electronic state in semiconductors has, however, remained a challenging and relatively unexplored problem. A promising approach for the realization of such a state is to use excitons, bound pairs of electrons and holes that can form in semiconductor systems. At low densities, excitons are Bose-particles, and at low temperatures, of the order of a few kelvin, excitons can form a quantum liquid -- that is, a statistically degenerate Bose gas or even a Bose-Einstein condensate. Here we report photoluminescence measurements of a quasi-two-dimensional exciton gas in GaAs/AlGaAs coupled quantum wells and the observation of a macroscopically ordered exciton state. Our spatially resolved measurements reveal fragmentation of the ring-shaped emission pattern into circular structures that form periodic arrays over lengths up to 1 mm.     

Spontaneous coherence in a cold exciton gas

If bosonic particles are cooled down below the temperature of quantum degeneracy, they can spontaneously form a coherent state in which individual matter waves synchronize and combine. Spontaneous coherence of matter waves forms the basis of a number of fundamental phenomena in physics, including superconductivity, superfluidity and Bose-Einstein condensation. Spontaneous coherence is the key characteristic of condensation in momentum space. Excitons--bound pairs of electrons and holes--form a model system to explore the quantum physics of cold bosons in solids. Cold exciton gases can be realized in a system of indirect excitons, which can cool down below the temperature of quantum degeneracy owing to their long lifetimes. Here we report measurements of spontaneous coherence in a gas of indirect excitons. We found that spontaneous coherence of excitons emerges in the region of the macroscopically ordered exciton state and in the region of vortices of linear polarization. The coherence length in these regions is much larger than in a classical gas, indicating a coherent state with a much narrower than classical exciton distribution in momentum space, characteristic of a condensate. A pattern of extended spontaneous coherence is correlated with a pattern of spontaneous polarization, revealing the properties of a multicomponent coherent state. We also observed phase singularities in the coherent exciton gas. All these phenomena emerge when the exciton gas is cooled below a few kelvin.     

纳米氧化锌颗粒的荧光光谱特性及测试条件的影响

分别用沉淀法和有机物单源的热分解方法从溶液中生长了不同尺寸的氧化锌纳米晶体,研究了纳米晶体的荧光特性及其对测量样品状态的依赖关系.尺寸比较大的ZnO纳米晶体在固态下其荧光光谱为宽阔的发光带,并在宽阔发光带上出现一系列明显的精细结构,而分散于有机溶剂中时其荧光由激子复合发射和通过氧空位的复合发射组成.分散于有机溶剂中的中等尺寸的表面包裹的纳米ZnO晶体的荧光由激子荧光、通过浅杂质的发射和通过本征缺陷复合的荧光组成,其强度随着测量浓度的升高而增强,并且激子的荧光发生红移;尺寸比较小的表面包裹的纳米晶体的荧光为激子复合和通过氧空位复合的荧光组成,激子荧光强度、通过氧空位的发光强度及其相对强度随着纳米晶体浓度的变化而变化,测量浓度的升高,激子发光峰没有位移,但与缺陷态相关的激发光荧光发生红移.     

Ultrafast terahertz probes of transient conducting and insulating phases in an electron-hole gas

Many-body systems in nature exhibit complexity and self-organization arising from seemingly simple laws. For example, the long-range Coulomb interaction between electrical charges has a simple form, yet is responsible for a plethora of bound states in matter, ranging from the hydrogen atom to complex biochemical structures. Semiconductors form an ideal laboratory for studying many-body interactions of electronic quasiparticles among themselves and with lattice vibrations and light. Oppositely charged electron and hole quasiparticles can coexist in an ionized but correlated plasma, or form bound hydrogen-like pairs called excitons. The pathways between such states, however, remain elusive in near-visible optical experiments that detect a subset of excitons with vanishing centre-of-mass momenta. In contrast, transitions between internal exciton levels, which occur in the far-infrared at terahertz (1012 s(-1)) frequencies, are independent of this restriction, suggesting their use as a probe of electron-hole pair dynamics. Here we employ an ultrafast terahertz probe to investigate directly the dynamical interplay of optically-generated excitons and unbound electron-hole pairs in GaAs quantum wells. Our observations reveal an unexpected quasi-instantaneous excitonic enhancement, the formation of insulating excitons on a 100-ps timescale, and the conditions under which excitonic populations prevail.     

表面激子在磁场中的性质

本文采用微扰的方法讨论了极性晶体表面的激子在磁场中的性质。在忽略激子于反冲效应中发射的不同波矢的虚声子之间的相互作用的近似下,导出了表面激子的自陷能、电子-空穴间的有效作用势、重整化质量以及激子-声子-磁场三者之间的耦合能。我们发现表面激子的自陷能与晶体的电子-空穴质量比有关,但是对于任意的电子-空穴质量比,表面激子都是自陷的。我们还发现:由于表面声子对表面激子运动的影响,使得表面激子在磁场中的抗磁性能移有所减弱。并就磁场不存在时,和其它理论进行了比较,结果表明:我们的工作改进了其它理论。