固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2-TiO2催化合成富马酸二甲酯

研究了以SO4^2-/ZrO^2--TiO2固体超强酸为催化剂,催化合成富马酸二甲酯(DMF)的反应。研究了催化剂的制备条件,原料配比,反应时间,催化剂用量等条件对DMF收率的影响。结果表明：催化剂有较好的催化活性．DMF的收率达到91．6％。     

固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2-TiO_2催化合成富马酸二甲酯

研究了以SO2-4 /ZrO2 --TiO2固体超强酸为催化剂 ,催化合成富马酸二甲酯 (DMF)的反应。研究了催化剂的制备条件 ,原料配比 ,反应时间 ,催化剂用量等条件对DMF收率的影响。结果表明 :催化剂有较好的催化活性 ,DMF的收率达到91.6 %     

稀土纳米固体超强酸SO4^2-/TiO2-La^3＋催化合成富马酸二甲酯

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了稀土纳米固体超强酸SO4^2-/TiO2-La^3＋（I）催化剂,主要研究了它的制备条件及作为催化剂在合成富马酸二甲酯（DMF）中的反应条件,并用正交设计实验法确定了合成反应的最佳条件。实验结果表明,稀土纳米固体超强酸SO4^2-/TiO2-La^3＋具有很强的催化活性,在催化剂焙烧温度550℃,反应物富马酸与甲醇摩尔比1：6,催化剂用量1．5％（反应物总质量）,反应时间6h条件下,DMF的收率达到93％以上。     

磷钼酸催化合成富马酸二甲酯

研究了以磷钼酸为催化剂 ,富马酸和甲醇为原料合成富马酸二甲酯 ( DMF) ,探讨了酸醇量比、反应时间、催化剂用量等工艺参数对 DMF收率的影响。最佳工艺条件为 :酸醇物质的量比 1∶ 7,催化剂用量 4.0 g(富马酸为 0 .1 3mol时 ) ,反应时间 6 .0 h。DMF收率达 85 %以上     

固体超强酸ZrO2／SO^=4催化合成富马酸二甲酯

研究以ＺｒＯ２／ＳＯ＝４固体超强酸催化富马酸和甲醇合成富马酸二甲酯的反应,表征了催化剂的物化性质,探讨了催化剂制备条件、原料配比、反应时间、催化剂用量等工艺参数对收率的影响,催化剂的重复使用实验表明：ＺｒＯ２／ＳＯ＝４是富马酸二甲酯合成的较适宜的催化剂。     

复配型杂多酸催化合成富马酸二甲酯

以富马酸和甲醇酯化合成了富马酸二甲酯(DMF),比较了各类催化剂的性能,选择磷钼酸/对甲苯磺酸复配型杂多酸作为最优催化剂,进行单因素探索实验,确定了最佳反应条件:醇酸物质的量比为6:1,催化剂用量为富马酸质量的4%,反应时间为2 h.收率为90%以上.结果表明该复配型杂多酸催化酯化反应时间短、收率高、催化性能好,对设备...     

固载杂多酸催化反应精馏合成富马酸二甲酯

研究了以富马酸和甲醇为原料,自制固载杂多酸为催化剂,采用催化剂精馏技术合成富马酸二甲酯的新工艺,确定了较佳的工艺操作条件：醇酸摩尔比为7：1,酯化反应温度为：67℃－78℃,反应时间≤6h,产品收率大于92％。     

固体超强酸ZrO_2/SO_4~(2-)催化合成富马酸二甲酯

以ＺｒＯ２／ＳＯ２－４固体超强酸催化富马酸与甲醇合成富马酸二甲酯的反应,表征催化剂的物化性质,探讨催化剂制备条件、原料配比、反应时间及催化剂用量等参数对富马酸二甲酯收率的影响．催化剂的重复使用实验表明,ＺｒＯ２／ＳＯ２－４是富马酸二甲酯合成的较适宜的催化剂     

固体超强酸TiO2／SO4^=催化合成富马酸二甲酯

研究以用ＴｉＯ２／ＳＯ＝４固体超强酸催化富马酸与甲醇合成富马酸二甲酯（ＤＭＦ）的反应,探讨了催化剂制备条件、原料配比、反应时间、催化剂用量等工艺参数对ＤＭＦ收率的影响。在适宜的工艺条件下ＤＭＦ收率达到９０％,催化剂的重复使用实验表明,ＴｉＯ２／ＳＯ＝４是ＤＭＦ合成的一个较适宜的催化剂。     

The Esterification of Salicylic Acid Catalyzed by Solid Super Acid SO4^2--La2O3-TiO2

首次以SO4^2--La2O3-TiO2为非均相催化剂,以水杨酸为原料,合成了水杨酸甲酯和乙酰水杨酸。考察了影响反应的条件,获得优化实验条件：n水杨酸：n甲醇为1：12,催化剂用量40g／mol酸,反应5h时,水杨酸甲酯的收率可达86％;n水杨酸：n乙酸酐为1：4,催化剂用量6g／mol酸时,乙酰水杨酸的收率可达87％,同时催化剂回收再生容易,重复使用4次催化活性无明显降低,是一种环境友好的催化剂。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-