水热法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列及其表征

采用两步低温水热法在Si片衬底上制备形貌规整的ZnO纳米棒阵列,纳米棒长度约为5μm.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、PL光谱测试对ZnO纳米棒的微观表面形貌和光学特性进行表征分析.探究制备过程中两次水热的生长液浓度对ZnO纳米棒形貌的影响,通过表征对比获得最优的生长液浓度范围.实验首先利用提拉退火等工序在衬底上获得ZnO的晶种层,再经过两次水热反应制备出分布均匀、有序生长、取向一致的较为理想的纳米棒阵列.     

两步水浴法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列的研究

通过预加热处理完成了氧化锌（ZnO）种子层的制备,在种子层退火之后利用水浴法生长制备了排列有序的ZnO纳米棒阵列.采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）和光致发光光谱（PL）分析了ZnO纳米棒阵列的表面形貌、结构和光学性质,考察了预处理温度和水洗时间对产物性能的影响.结果表明：预处理温度较低时无法形成ZnO种子层;制备的ZnO纳米棒阵列是纤锌矿结构;随着水浴时间的延长,ZnO纳米棒的长度逐渐增加.     

ZnO/Cu2O异质结的制备及其光电性能研究

通过两步法制备了由ZnO纳米棒阵列和Cu2O薄膜组成的异质结。首先利用低温湿化学法在掺氟的SnO2导电玻璃(比较FTO)上生长ZnO纳米棒阵列,然后在ZnO纳米棒阵列上通过水热法继续生长Cu2O薄膜,形成ZnO/Cu2O异质结。通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪的表征结果得知,ZnO纳米棒阵列具有很好的c轴取向性,其长度为1μm;而Cu2O薄膜的厚度为1.5μm,其(111)面优先沿ZnO的(002)面外延生长。与ZnO纳米棒阵列相比,ZnO/Cu2O异质结在可见光范围内吸收强度明显增强。在模拟太阳光照射下(AM 1.5,100mW/cm2),由ZnO/Cu2O异质结构成的太阳能电池器件的开路电压为0.36V,短路电流密度为7.8mA/cm2,对应的填充因子为31%,光电转换效率为0.86%。     

低温水热制备ZnO纳米棒及其生长机理

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O为前驱体,在碱性环境中,低温水热方法直接制备了ZnO纳米棒.应用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对样品进行了表征;通过光催化降解亚甲基蓝来评价ZnO的光催化活性;对60℃,1～24 h范围内不同水热样品,进行了形貌观察,分析了ZnO的形核过程.结果表明:ZnO为六边棱柱状纳米棒,晶型为纤锌矿结构;ZnO纳米棒的表观生长速率约为0.7μm/h,表观形核时间约为3 min;碱性条件是影响形核的重要因素;光催化活性随水热时间的增加而增强.     

表面Au改性增强ZnO光阳极性能实验设计

设计了一种新型的半导体光电化学性能实验,该光电化学系统是由ZnO纳米棒阵列光阳极、Pt对电极、饱和甘汞参比电极以及电解液构成.首先,运用水热法在氟掺杂氧化锡（FTO）导电基体材料上生长结构有序的ZnO纳米棒阵列,然后采用光沉积的方法在ZnO纳米棒表面沉积适量纳米Au颗粒得到Au/ZnO纳米棒阵列.通过扫描电子显微镜分析材料的微观形貌,利用紫外-可见光漫反射吸收光谱、光电化学和电化学阻抗谱等方法测试分析ZnO光电极材料的各项性能.证实了通过在ZnO阵列上负载合适浓度的Au颗粒会显著改善其光电响应,降低其界面电荷转移电阻.该实验不仅能培养本科生严谨的科学研究态度,而且能开发其创新潜能,提高其解决复杂工程问题的能力.     

ZnO纳米棒阵列的可控制备、改性及其光催化性能研究

通过一步电沉积法在不锈钢网基底上制备ZnO纳米棒阵列,然后采用水热法在ZnO纳米棒上包覆C,制得C/ZnO纳米复合结构。借助SEM、XRD、TEM、UV-Vis等对相关样品的形貌、结构、物相组成及光催化性能进行表征。结果表明,在沉积电压为-1.0 V的条件下所制备的ZnO纳米棒阵列具有长度适中、分布均匀及垂直取向的结构特点,纳米棒平均直径和长度分别为150 nm和1.35μm,在紫外光照射下其对亚甲基蓝的降解效率可达95.1%,催化稳定性良好;制得的C/ZnO纳米复合结构在可见光照射下对亚甲基蓝的降解效率相比ZnO纳米棒阵列有明显提升,并具有较高的催化稳定性。     

水热法制备WO3纳米棒阵列及其光催化性能

采用水热法,以Na2WO4·2H2O为原料,NaCl为添加剂,直接在氧化铟锡透明导电基底上制备了有序WO3纳米棒阵列.利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和高分辨透射电子显微镜等手段对制备的纳米棒进行了表征,考察了pH值对产物形貌、尺寸和取向性的影响.结果表明:单根WO3纳米棒具有六方单晶结构,随着前驱液pH值的增大,平行于基底生长的WO3纳米棒捆逐渐转变为垂直于基底生长的纳米棒阵列.另外,对制备得到的两种不同取向的WO3纳米棒结构进行了光催化降解甲基蓝溶液的研究,发现相比于WO3纳米棒捆结构,纳米棒阵列的光催化性能更高.     

微波水热法制备ZnO/氧化石墨烯及其光电化学性能研究

利用微波水热法在316L不锈钢片基底上制备一维ZnO纳米阵列/氧化石墨烯(ZnO/GO)复合材料,借助SEM、TEM、UV-Vis及可见光光照下的恒电位i-t曲线等手段,对加入氧化石墨烯浓度不同的ZnO/GO样品的形貌、结构及光电化学性能进行表征。结果表明,ZnO纳米棒均匀垂直于316L不锈钢基底生长,GO片层嵌入在ZnO纳米棒结构中间;GO的引入促进了ZnO中产生的光生电子-空穴对的分离,从而使ZnO/GO复合材料相较于ZnO具有更佳的光电化学性能。当加入GO溶液浓度为0.5mg/mL时,所制样品中ZnO纳米棒阵列发育完善、排列致密,样品的光电流密度达到18μA/cm~2,为纯一维ZnO纳米结构相应值的3.6倍。     

Co掺杂对ZnO纳米棒阵列的结构和性质的影响

通过70℃水热反应制备高密度排列的Zn1-xCoxO(x=0.05,0.10和0.15,统记为ZnCoO)纳米棒阵列,用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和光致发光光谱(PL)进行表征.结果表明:Co2+替代Zn2+掺入了ZnO的晶格中,纳米棒沿[0001]方向垂直生长在含ZnO种子层的玻璃上,纳米棒平均直径约为150nm,长4.5μm.ZnO种子层和Co掺杂在ZnCoO纳米棒成核和择优生长中起着重要作用.PL光谱是由宽紫外光带(UV)和可见光(VL)构成.ZnCoO纳米棒阵列UV峰位与纯ZnO的相比发生了蓝移.随着Co含量的增加,UV峰明显宽化并发生红移.文中对紫外峰的宽化和红移起因以及ZnCoO阵列的形成机制进行了讨论.     

图案化氧化锌在能源器件中的应用

ZnO作为一种典型的直接带隙宽禁带半导体材料极具开发潜力和应用价值.随着图案化技术的不断发展优化,ZnO纳米棒阵列的精确可控制备逐步得到实现.本文综述了利用激光限域技术制备图案化ZnO纳米棒阵列的方法,并详述了其在太阳能电池和光电化学电池中的应用.激光干涉法制备的ZnO纳米阵列比表面积大且具有直线传输的优势,运用于光伏器件和电化学电池中增加了光吸收同时利于载流子传输,器件性能显著提高.图案化ZnO纳米棒阵列具有可控的三维空间结构,广泛应用关于各类能源器件中,具有极大的研究和应用价值.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has