电导率法研究煤油/水乳状液的稳定性

以十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基氯代吡啶和异十八醇聚氧乙烯 (15 )醚为乳化剂 ,制备了几种不同的煤油 水乳状液 ,探讨了同种表面活性剂在不同浓度下 ,煤油 水的比为 1∶1(V V)的乳状液中富油相 (上相 )和富水相 (下相 )的电导率变化规律 ,以及不同表面活性剂在相同浓度下 ,体系富油相和富水相的电导率变化规律 ;并且测定了不同表面活性剂复配后 ,体系富油相和富水相的电导率变化 ,从中找出了表面活性剂浓度、种类及复配类型对乳状液稳定性的影响规律 ,以期对乳状液的稳定性的检测提供一种有效的方法     

胶质液体泡沫的微观结构研究

采用衰减全反射傅里叶红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)技术和差示扫描量热分析(DSC)等手段,对组成为十二烷基醇聚氧乙烯(3)醚(AEO-3)/正癸烷/十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)或Tween 80/水的胶质液体泡沫(CLA)体系的微观结构进行了系统分析,从分子水平上讨论了CLA和普通乳状液体系的相结构及表面活性剂与溶剂的相互作用.分析结果表明,CLA结构中正癸烷和水分别是独立的2相,且水相呈现出自由态、结合态和束缚态结构;随着油相与水相体积比的增大,自由水含量减少,水相的结合态和束缚态成分增加.通过与普通乳状液相比较,发现油溶性表面活性剂AEO-3有助于CLA的形成,这与单一表面活性剂组成的普通乳状液完全不同.     

表面活性剂对导电PPY固体铝电解电容器性能的影响

研究了表面活性剂对以导电聚吡咯(PPY Polypyrrole)为阴极的固体铝电解电容器性能的影响.由于电容器的介质膜Al2O3表面状态对沉积其上的PPY薄膜电导率及电容器的电性能影响较大,因此,在对Al2O3介质膜的表面形貌、带电状态和润湿等表面状态进行研究分析的基础上,提出了一种在化学聚合PPY膜时在吡咯单体溶液中添加表面活性剂的新方法.实验结果表明,化学聚合时添加表面活性剂可以使PPY在凹凸不平Al2O3表面充分均匀成膜并且提高了电导率(例如,在比容同为4.3μF/cm2阳极铝箔上的Al2O3膜表面沉积PPY薄膜时,添加与不添加表面活性剂形成的PPY薄膜电导率分别为16.6S/cm和5.4S/cm),所制成的电容器损耗角正切值可降低至0.026,漏电流减小,漏电流常数k值达0.04μA/(μF·V),并具有优良的阻抗频率特性和温度特性.     

乳状液膜法分离醋酸水溶液的实验研究

对采用Span80-油酸复合表面活性剂制取乳状液膜分离醋酸水溶液进行了实验研究．实验结果表明，复合表面活性剂配比为1：1，表面活性剂用量为5％，乳水比为1：2时，其分离率可达90％以上．结合实验结果，分析了复合表面活性剂配比、表面活性剂用量以及乳水比对分离率的影响．     

原油乳状液稳定性光学评价方法研究

以光散射原理为基础,建立了原油乳状液比表面积与时间的关系模型,进一步推导了原油乳状液衰变速率表达式.借助近红外扫描仪,评价了石油磺酸盐原油乳状液和碱原油乳状液两种体系的稳定性.红外扫描实验结果表明,碱原油乳状液体系、石油磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂原油乳状液体系、OP-15非离子表面活性剂原油乳状液体系的半衰期分别为10.92,0.96,0.26 h.对各种原油乳状液体系的衰变速率进行了定量计算,计算结果表明,碱原油乳状液体系、石油磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂原油乳状液体系、OP-15非离子表面活性剂原油乳状液体系的液珠衰变速率分别为0.000652,0.0556,0.1218.计算结果和常规析水指数测定结果在分析原油乳状液稳定性方面具有一致性,验证了所建立的数学模型在原油乳状液稳定性评价中的可行性.     

油包水微乳液体系的稳定性分析

将表面活性剂Tween80和Span80复配,以环己烷为油相制备高度分散、液滴均匀的油包水(W/O)型微乳液.以最大增溶水量为指标,通过目测及测定体系电导率,研究了表面活性剂复配、四种醇类助表面活性剂、温度和盐度等因素对微乳液体系稳定性的影响,探索该微乳液形成的适宜条件.实验结果表明:当复配表面活性剂中Tween80的含量为60%、乙醇作助表面活性剂、助表面活性剂与复配表面活性剂质量比Km=1.0时,可得到作为微反应器的理想微乳液体系;随温度升高,W/O微乳液体系相图的稳定区域减小,盐度对微乳液稳定性的影响减小.     

新型钙钛矿结构复合氧化物材料的电导性能

研究了几种钙钛矿结构以及类钙钛矿结构材料的电导性能.实验表明,La0.8Sr0.2MnO3,La0.8Sr0.2Ni0.1Mn0.9O3,La0.8Sr0.2Ce0.1Mn0.9O3和SrFe0.5Co0.5O3电导率相差不大,均为10-1S·cm-1数量级;高温熔盐中耐侵蚀性能优良的LaLiMnOy和LaLi0.5MnOy电导率差别很大,前者电导率大于1 S·cm-1,达到了MCFC阴极对材料电导性能要求,而后者仅为10-2S·cm-1数量级.高达0.191eV的电导激活能可能是LaLi0.5MnOy电导率过低的原因.     

半互穿网络法制备有机/无机杂化阴离子交换膜

以1,2-双(三乙氧基硅基)乙烷杂化改性的聚乙烯醇(PVA)为聚合物基底,以溴化聚乙烯亚胺(BPEI)为阳离子聚电解质,采用半互穿网络法制备新型阴离子交换膜.对含水率、离子交换容量及膜的形态进行了考察,并测试了膜的电导率及甲醇渗透率以研究其在直接甲醇燃料电池中的应用.测试结果表明,BPEI质量分数在40％时,PVA与BPEI互容性较好,无明显相分离现象产生.BPEI质量分数为20％的阴离子交换膜具有较好的综合性能,其在30℃下的电导率和甲醇渗透率分别为1.32×10-2 S/cm和7.88×10-7 cm-2·s-1.     

原油乳状液稳定性光学评价方法研究

以光散射原理为基础,建立了原油乳状液比表面积与时间的关系模型,进一步推导了原油乳状液衰变速率表达式。借助近红外扫描仪,评价了石油磺酸盐原油乳状液和碱原油乳状液两种体系的稳定性。红外扫描实验结果表明,碱原油乳状液体系、石油磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂原油乳状液体系、OP-15非离子表面活性剂原油乳状液体系的半衰期分别为10.92,0.96,0.26 h。对各种原油乳状液体系的衰变速率进行了定量计算,计算结果表明,碱原油乳状液体系、石油磺酸盐阴离子表面活性剂原油乳状液体系、OP-15非离子表面活性剂原油乳状液体系的液珠衰变速率分别为0.000 652,0.055 6,0.121 8。计算结果和常规析水指数测定结果在分析原油乳状液稳定性方面具有一致性,验证了所建立的数学模型在原油乳状液稳定性评价中的可行性。     

1-(2-萘酚-4-磺酸)-3-[4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯合成及与阴离子表面活性剂的显色反应

合成了新试剂1-(2-萘酚-4-磺酸)-3-[4-(苯基偶氮)苯基]-三氮烯(NASAPAPT),研究了该试剂与阴离子表面活性剂(AS)十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠的显色反应的条件.试剂和十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠形成配合物的最大吸收分别位于441nm和432nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.51×104 L.mol-1.cm-1和2.29×104 L.mol-1.cm-1.建立了水相测定微量阴离子表面活性剂的新方法,方法已应用于合成水样及环境水样中阴离子表面活性剂的测定.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with